"Nyob zoo li lub neej," Chukovsky. Ntsiab lus tsom xam

Thawj Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky lub npe hu ua tus sau ntawm cov me nyuam kwv huam hais txog Moidodyr thiab ya quav. Tab sis raws li ib tug kws ntawv thiab cov phau ntawv sau critic tau advocated rau cov preservation ntawm lub neej, vibrant Lavxias teb sab lus. Phau Ntawv mob siab rau kev kawm "Nyob zoo li lub neej" (thawj luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1962.) Tau ua ib tug classic. Hais txog nws cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub no thiab peb mam li tham.

Tshooj Ib: "qub thiab tshiab"

Dab neeg hais txog lub npe nrov kws lij choj thiab Academician Anatoly Koni qhib thawj thawj tshooj ntawm "Nyob zoo li lub neej" (Chukovsky), ib txoj kev uas peb tam sim no fim nws. Anatoly yog ib tug txiv neej ntawm heev zoo siab dawb siab zoo. Tab sis tsuas yog txog rau tej lub sij hawm raws li absurd hnov Lavxias teb sab lus. Ces nws txoj kev chim siab paub tsis muaj ciam teb, tab sis yog cov feem ntau lub qhov tseeb yog tsis mus blame.

Qhov tseeb yog hais tias thaum lub saib xyuas academician yog qub. Nws twb yug los thiab tsa nyob rau hauv lub hnub thaum lo lus "tas" txhais hais tias "kindly, ua siab mos." Tab sis nws muaj gained ntau tseem ceeb nrog rau cov zaj uas lub sij hawm, thiab tam sim no yuav "twv yuav raug hu". Leej twg uas tau siv lo lus "tsim nyog" nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm "tag nrho cov txhais tau tias", tam sim ntawd poob nyob rau hauv ib tug barrage ntawm kev thuam.

Cov kev hloov no cov lus, thiab yuav ua li cas yog nws yeej ib txwm phem, ntawm "tus kab mob" thiab lwm yam Lavxias teb sab kev hais lus qhia nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no, Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky.

Tshooj Ob: "xav txog tej yam kab mob thiab - yeej muaj tseeb"

Yuav ua li cas yuav muab suav hais tias ib tug "tus kab mob ntawm cov lo lus"? Cov phau ntawv "Nyob zoo li lub neej" (Chukovsky), ib hom ntawv nyeem uas yuav muab txhais raws li ib tug ntoo khaub lig ntawm journalism thiab lus tshawb fawb yuav pab kom to taub lo lus nug no.

Koj puas paub tias nyob rau hauv cov kwv huam ntawm Pushkin lo lus "me" yog heev txawv txawv rau peb - "qhuav khoom"? Lo lus "tsev neeg" yog paub, thaum xub thawj meant qhev thiab cov tub qhe, thiab ces - tus poj niam. Nthuav "pedigree" thiab lo lus "mess". Thawj yog lub npe ntawm ib tug heev qab tais hauv XVII xyoo pua, nkawv nobles. Ces mess pib xa mob heev nyob rau hauv lub plab mog, inflicted ib tug siab phem mash. Cov tub rog muab mus rau hauv lub lauj kaub ua noj unpeeled ntses nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb, dos, breadcrumbs, sauerkraut thiab txhua yam uas yog rau ntawm txhais tes. Thiab ces "mess" tau pom tag nrho cov paub "tsis meej pem, ib tug mess."

Cov transformations - lub ntuj lus yog loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, thiab nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tiv thaiv, thiab txawm ua dag, tus sau ntseeg hais tias.

Tshooj Peb: "Nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws Lo lus"

Tshooj lus no yog ib zajlus kom continuation ntawm yav tas los ib. Cov phau ntawv "Nyob zoo li lub neej" (Chukovsky), ib txoj kev uas peb sib tham txog, yuav tsis tiav yam tsis muaj tus coj txawv txawv lus. Korney Chukovsky sau ib tug ntau ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv los zoo tib yam cov neeg uas mob siab txog lub preservation ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Muaj ntau ntseeg hais tias txawv teb chaws lus yuav tsum tau raug rho tawm sai li sai tau.

Tus sau muab piv txwv ntawm cov coj txawv txawv lus uas tau ntev lawm Lavxias teb sab: algebra, haus dej cawv, stocking, neeg loj leeb, rally, log, khiav, naive, loj ... "Yog nws tau muab pov rau lawv tawm ntawm lub nyob Lavxias teb sab kev hais lus?" - nug Chukovsky. Txawm li cas los, nws yog zoo siab hais tias muaj ntau txawv teb chaws tej lus no tsis muab cov hauv paus hniav nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab tsis supplanted cov neeg Lavxias teb sab. Piv txwv li, ib zaug nrov "frishtikat" yeej tsis tuaj mus rau nruab nrab tus neeg cov lus. Es tsis txhob, peb "muaj noj tshais".

Tshooj Plaub: "Umslopogasy"

Zam hais lus yuav txo tau yog tseem tsis tau lwj lub Lavxias teb sab lus. Tab sis nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm "Nyob zoo li lub neej" (Chukovsky), tus tsom xam uas peb siv, lawv mob siab rau ib tug tag nrho tshooj. Thiab tsis muaj zem. Nws txiav qhia li cas ib qho tseem ceeb cawv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov yam. Piv txwv li, yuav txo tau xws li LEV, ib lub txhab nyiaj hauv tuam txhab, tsis lwj lub workday Lavxias teb sab lus.

Tab sis lub zam yuav txo tau thiab spawned ib tug xov tooj ntawm "monsters". Tverbul Pampush tiag tiag - Tverskoy Boulevard, ib tug monument rau Pushkin. Massively zog npe - Peter P. muab Pe Pa rau tub ntxhais kawm ntawv thiab cov phooj cov xib fwb. Tab sis phem tshaj ntawm tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub yuav txo tau-pallindromy Rosglavstankoinstrumentsnabsbyt, Lengorshveytrikotazhpromsoyuz, Lengormetallorempromsoyuz thiab lwm tus neeg ntawm no hom.

Nrog rau qhov no nws yog tsim nyog los xaus ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: nws yuav ua rau ib tug txiav txim zoo ntawm cov style thiab kev faib ua feem.

Tshooj Tsib: "vulgarisms"

Txawj nyeem ntawv ntawm tus 1960 yog feem ntau suav hais tias "phem" lo lus xws li "Sivolap", "ris", "tsw phem", "rubbish", "tshuab koj lub qhov ntswg" thiab ib tug ntau ntawm lawv zoo li hais tias rau cov niaj hnub tus txiv neej yog kiag li tej yam ntuj tso. Tus sau tseem nco ntsoov ib tug npau taws tsab ntawv mus rau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov tsab xov xwm no siv lo lus "champs."

Nws yog ib heev lwm - ib tug hais lus phem ua dog ua dig ntawm niaj hnub no cov tub ntxhais hluas, sau nyob rau hauv "Live lub neej raws li ib tug" Chukovsky. Txoj kev uas lub tshooj no yog los xyuas kom meej hais tias xws li jargon li "bullshit", "vshendyapilsya" (es tsis txhob "hlub"), "chuvikhi", "kadrishka" (es tsis txhob ntawm "hluas nkauj"), "lobuda," "gorgeous" thiab thiaj li ua rau tsis tsuas Lavxias teb sab, tab sis kuj cov tswv yim uas sawv cev rau lawv yog tub hluas ntxhais hluas.

Sau txoj cai qhov muag rau cov uas yawg uas vshendyapilsya nyob rau hauv kadrishku muaj deb tsis tus sublime kev hlub, uas yog piav nyob rau hauv nqe ntawm Alexander BLOK. Decomposition ntawm cov lus los ntawm vulgarschiny ua rau kev ncaj ncees degradation, yog li jargon yuav tsum mob siab eradicated.

Tshooj Rau: "sau"

Phau Korney Chukovsky "Live lub neej raws li ib tug" muab nws lub npe mus rau lub tiag tiag xwb "tus kab mob," lub Lavxias teb sab lus - kantselyaritu. Qhov no lub sij hawm yog siv linguists, xws li neeg txhais lus Nora gal nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Cov lus ntawm cov neeg ciaj thiab cov neeg tuag."

Chaw ua hauj lwm - yog cov lus ntawm bureaucracy, ua lag ua luam ntaub ntawv thiab cov chaw ua hauj lwm. Tag nrho cov neeg "saum toj no", "muab qhov no daim ntawv pov thawj," "kev cai tswjhwm lub sij hawm", "nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm qhov no", "thiab yog li ntawd", "nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv", "vim tsis muaj", "raws li" nrees coj nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam cov ntaub ntawv ( yog li tej zaum xeeb absurdity).

Qhov teeb meem yog hais tias lub chaw ua hauj lwm nkag mus rau hauv lub cev hais lus. Tam sim no, es tsis txhob "tom hav zoov ntsuab" pib tham "ntsuab cheeb tsam" tu "sib cav sib ceg" los ua tus "teeb meem," thiab thiaj on. Cov lem ntawm kab lus borrowed kev nyab xeeb izdelovyh ua "litmus xeem." Kuv ntseeg hais tias txhua txhua kab ke haiv neeg, zoo-mannered neeg yuav tsum tau muaj cov lus nyob rau hauv nws cov lexicon.

Hais xov tooj cua "Gone hnyav nag" mas suav hais tias rustic thiab uncultured. Es tsis txhob nws tsis nyuaj "hnyav dej nag poob tawm los." Tu siab, qhov teeb meem twb tsis zoo kantselyarita. Niaj hnub no, tus kab mob no tau ntxiv dag zog rau nws txoj hauj lwm ntau heev tshaj dua. Tsis paub txog yuav tsis tiv thaiv ib tug tswv yim sib cav, sau nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, cov lus yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub peb tas li ntxig sau cov nqe lus tsis txawm pom. Yog li ntawd ciaj sia, muaj zog, ISKRAN Lavxias teb sab Speaking puv rau grey thiab qhuav. Thiab nws tsuas yog tib hom lus tus kab mob no yuav tsum tau combated.

Tshooj Xya: "Contrary mus rau lub ntsiab"

Muaj ntau pom cov Lavxias teb sab lus raws li lub caij uas nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom paub daws. Nws sau nyob rau hauv "Live lub neej raws li ib tug" Chukovsky. Txoj kev uas lub xeem, lub xya tshooj no yog los xyuas kom meej tias nyob rau lub sij hawm thaum txhua muaj kev txawj ntse, feem ntau yog qhib thiab yav tsaus ntuj tsev kawm ntawv, tsis muaj ib tug muaj txoj cai yuav tsum tau tsis paub ntawv, tsis hwm lawv cov lus.

Tag nrho cov tsis ncaj ncees lawm lus thiab koj lem ntawm kab lus yuav tsum tau eradicated, thiab cov kab lis kev cai ntawm lub masses yuav tsum sawv es tsis poob. Thiab cia li hais lus yog ib qho kev taw qhia ntawm txoj kev loj hlob los yog poob ntawm kab lis kev cai.

tau

K.Chukovsky lawv txoj kev tshawb no pib qhov loj tshaj plaws discus ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab lus. Nws tsis tau ua raws li ib tug sab thiab proceeded los ntawm cov tib zoo soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv thiab ib tug nkag siab ntawm kev faib ua feem. Raws li K. Paustovsky, Korney Ivanovich nyiam Lavxias teb sab lus, yog li "Live lub neej raws li ib tug" mus txog tam sim no yog ib phau ntawv uas yog ua txhua yam rau nyeem txhua yam - thiab linguists, thiab cov neeg uas xav mus poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog tus neeg ciaj, ib tug yooj yim Lavxias teb sab lus.