Muaj ntau ntau txawv hom ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm systems, thiab ib tug ntawm lawv - "Linux". Yuav ua li cas nws yog thiab qhov twg yog nws siv? Yuav ua li cas yog nws ua hauj lwm? Yuav ua li cas yog qhov txawv ntawm cov cov lus feem ntau cov neeg "windose" no? Yuav ua li cas yog distributions "ntawm Linux"? Tag nrho cov lus nug no yuav tsum teb nyob rau hauv lub tsab xov xwm.
Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug "Linux"
Yog ib qhov system operating nrog hwm uas koj muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov software uas yuav tsum tau ntsia. Nyob rau hauv nws koj muaj peev xwm xaiv ntawm ntau hom ntawm desktops thiab qhov chaw teb plhaub hais kom ua kab. Cov yav tas, incidentally, yog hu ua cov davhlau ya nyob twg thiab ua ib tug tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm. Los ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm ob peb cov kev pab cuam ntawm ib zaug lub operating system yog kuj me me raug rau malfunction. Vim lub fact tias yog tsis muaj neej ntawd hais qhov kev pab cuam muaj peev xwm tsis khiav tsis muaj cov neeg siv txoj kev paub, nrhiav tau cov kab mob no, sau nyob rau hauv Linux, nws yog heev yooj yim (tab sis yog tsis tsis yooj yim sua). Tab sis yog hais tias lawv kis tau computers, nws tsuas yog due rau lub fact tias ib tug tej yam txawv daim ntawv thov tau pib los ntawm tus neeg siv. Ib co piv txwv ntawm no system yuav xyuam xim muab thiab ua ntawm tus kho qhov muag drives los yog USB.
txoj kev loj hlob keeb kwm
Linux nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab suab zoo li "Linux", uas yog tsis txhais. Thiab koj puas paub yog vim li cas? Tag nrho vim lub fact tias nws yog muaj npe tom qab nws tus tsim, pioneer - Linus Torvalds. Nws qhia cov pej xeem nws tsim nyob rau hauv 1994 (txawm hais tias txoj kev loj hlob pib rov qab nyob rau hauv 1991). Vim lub fact tias cov operating system muaj ib qho qhib qhov chaw, thiab leej twg yuav hloov nws, nws nyob followers thoob ntiaj teb. Nws tau ua xav nyob rau hauv ntau yam tuam txab uas tsim them distributions. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm no muaj tus tsim tawm lub zej lub zos, uas nyob rau ib lub yeem hauv paus tsim thiab faib lawv tus kheej los ua ke. Thiab nyob rau hauv 2016, muaj txog ib tug kaum os cov nrov versions ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm systems "Linux". Yuav ua li cas yog qhov teeb meem qhia rau peb? Qhov no txhais tau hais tias yog muaj zog sib txeeb, kev sib nrig sib pab (raws li tab sis yog nws yuav sound coj txawv txawv) thiab ntau haiv neeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub nrov versions, yog siv lug thiab tsis tshua muaj heev, uas feem ntau teem rau qhov kev siv ntawm ib lub ntau yam ntawm daim ntawv sau npe. Thiab tam sim no, yog hais tias koj xav nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, "Linux", koj paub, download tau nws - tsis muaj teeb meem. Tab sis rau lwm tus neeg muaj yog localization, uas yuav txhais tsawg kawg yog ib feem ntawm lub cim.
"Linux" thiab "windose": li cas sib txawv
Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, cov ntaub ntawv kev khiav hauj lwm systems thaj tsis txawv npaum li cas. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog cov ntaub. Txawv nyob, tab sis saib lawv, koj yuav tsum tau saib "ntxaum". Lub ntsiab kom pom tseeb yuav tau txais Linux, tab sis hais tias koj nyob, ua dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas, thiab yuav cov kev sib piv nrog lub qhov rais. Peb yuav tham txog:
- Cov ntaub ntawv system.
- Graphical plhaub.
- Lub configuration ntawm lub cev.
- Scope.
Thiab nyob rau hauv lub kawg yuav tsum yog ib tug me ntsis ntawm cov xim them distributions.
cov ntaub ntawv kaw
Chiv, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias yog tsis muaj hard disk nyob rau hauv lub li ib txwm txiav txim siab zoo nyob rau hauv lub "Linux". Yuav ua li cas yog qhov teeb meem qhia rau koj nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw? Nyuab? Far ntawm nws! Zajlus kom partitions thiab lub cev drives nyob twj ywm, tiam sis ntawm no lawv yog hais Wage. Cov kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system yog kev cob cog rua rau tej nplaub tshev, thiab txhua yam uas yog tsim - nws tau txais nyob rau hauv. Ua hauj lwm yuav tsum nqa tawm tsuas nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau hauv nws. Lub ntsiab nplaub tshev - qhov no yog lub hauv paus. Nws yog denoted los ntawm lub cim /. Piv txwv li, cov neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub / tsev / username /. Tab sis raws li koj xav, koj yuav tau hloov qhov chaw ntawm yuav luag tag nrho, txhua yam uas. Yog nws tsis yooj yim rau next los ntawm xws li ib tug tsim?
graphical plhaub
Thaum xub thawj, tom qab qhov rais tej zaum yuav zoo li txawv txawv zog. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog thaum uas siv cov davhlau ya nyob twg. Muaj tawv, uas koj yuav ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug paub interface. Lub davhlau ya nyob twg, los ntawm txoj kev, siv los yog servers, los yog heev tshaj cov neeg uas muaj ib tug zoo kev nco. Nraaj tsim ntawm lub plhaub yog haum rau tag nrho cov lwm leej lwm tus, raws li zoo raws li cov neeg uas tsuas yog tsis xav kom nco ntsoov lub caij nyoog ntaub ntawv Wage. "Linux" system yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Nws yuav teem ib lub ob peb xaiv rau lub desktop thiab muaj lub graphic design rau lawv - yog kwv yees li nyob rau hauv pua pua ntawm cov variations.
configuration
Nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais, cov ntaub ntawv no yog nyob rau hauv lub npe, uas yog ib txog kev database. Nws yog tsim nyog los khiav cov kev pab cuam kom zoo configured nyob rau hauv lub operating system thaum lub sij hawm nws startup thiab thaum ntxov lub lag luam. Nyob rau hauv nws yog puas npe, koj yuav tsuas ua kom tiav reinstallation. Txawm tias qhov no muaj ib qho kev kom zoo dua - tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw. Tab sis Linux tau ploj mus rau lwm txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv nws, txhua qhov kev pab cuam yog tus tswv ntawm ib cais configuration ntaub ntawv (thiab tej zaum kuj txawm ntau). Lawv yuav tsum tau saib los yog edited ib arbitrary ntawv nyeem editor. Yog hais tias muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv, nws muaj nws zoo - raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau poob tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lub tsim. Thiab resets rau ntawm phem tshaj tsuas muaj ib zaug xwb qhov kev pab cuam. Thaum ib tug neeg txiav txim los hloov lub computer siv, nws yuav tsis tau pib tag nrho cov tshaj dua. Cov tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv nws muaj peev xwm cia li luam ntawm cov cav tov (ncaj qha los yog los ntawm cov xov xwm). Thiab yog dab tsi yog tias corrupted operating system? No yog lus dag ib qho tseem ceeb kom zoo dua muaj los ntawm lub "Linux". Cov kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system yuav tsum tau reinstalled, thiab koj yuav tsum ua nws. Tab sis lub teeb ntaub ntawv tom qab tus txheej txheem no yuav ua ntxiv mus thiab yuav tsis tau lub sij hawm. Txawm hais tias muaj yog ib tug me me drawback - txhua qhov kev pab cuam muaj nws tus kheej configuration cov hom ntaub ntawv, thiab yuav tsum tau ib tug zoo kev nkag siab txog dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas, ua ntej editing.
Liaj teb ntawm daim ntawv thov
Peb tham txog "Linux", yog dab tsi thiab yuav ua li yog nws txawv ntawm lub niaj zaus rau feem ntau lub qhov rais neeg siv cov. Tam sim no cia tus mloog qhov chaw ntawm nws siv. Daim ntawv thov, alas, nws tsis nrhiav qhov txhia chaw. Piv txwv li, "Linux" -server los yog lub tsev / chaw ua hauj lwm workstation - ntawm no nws yog nyob ze rau qhov zoo tagnrho. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias rau ib tug muab operating system, muaj tsis muaj ntau yam kev ua si ported los yog tsim. Tseem muaj dua lwm cov kev pab cuam nrog lub community launch txog ib tug graphics pob Adobe thiab complex engineering kev pab cuam (xws li AutoCAD, matlab thiab cov zoo li). Tab sis nrog rau kev pab los ntawm emulation qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv feem ntau muaj peev xwm yuav daws tau. Tsis yeej ib txwm cov neeg uas koj xav tau ib lub computer uas daws tej teeb meem. Yog li ntawd kuv qhia mus nrhiav ib tug nyuag daim ntawv teev cov possibilities ntawm lub cev, thiab yog hais tias nws tsis yog dab tsi koj xav tau, koj muaj peev xwm sim nws nyob rau hauv kev xyaum thiab tsis chim:
- Lub system yuav ua tau chaw ua hauj lwm cov ntaub ntawv, spreadsheets, ntau yam ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem cov ntawv nyeem.
- Nws yog ua tau saib thiab kho kom raug dluab thiab cov duab.
- Koj muaj peev xwm mloog suab paj nruag thiab saib cov yeeb yaj duab.
- Lub system yuav ua si ua si - tab sis raws li ib tug txoj cai, heev yooj yim.
- Nqa tawm kev sib txuas lus dab ntawm lub Internet (nyob rau hauv no hais txog, "Linux" yog ib qho kev txiav saum toj no rau lub qhov rais).
- Yooj yim programming.
- Koj yuav tau tshawb qhov vastness ntawm lub Internet.
- Yooj yim tej thaj chaw deb tswj ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm systems (muaj).
- Qhov yog ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov kev pab cuam messaging, thiab email.
- Conveniently siv cov ntaub ntawv sib koom.
- lub operating system rau dawb
- Thiab nyob rau hauv kawg - muaj kab mob no raws li ib tug tswvyim hais ua dabneeg. Thaum kawg, tus sau tau tsis tau ntsib tej yam kuv tag nrho lub neej.
txog distributions
Twb xav koj tus kheej Lavxias teb sab "Linux"? Ces koj yuav tsum hais ib yam dab tsi txog rau hauv lub tsev. Nyob rau hauv ib tes nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau hais tias peb fim ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm systems. Tiam sis nyob rau lwm yam - tsis muaj ib tug yuav ua pov thawj ua lwm yam. Koj muaj peev xwm xaiv cov lus thiab thaj orientation uas yuav pab tau ua rau nws cov neeg siv-phooj ywg "Linux". Lavxias teb sab version, Fabkis, Brazilian - cov kev xaiv yog koj li. Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub operating system muaj tiag nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb ntawm txawv teb chaws hom lus. Tab sis peb tham txog distributions. Lawv lub ntsiab sib txawv - yog qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv system. Peb tsis tau hais tias ib tug tis yog ntau yooj yim tshaj li lwm leej lwm tus. Nws tag nrho cov nyob rau cov paub tab uas sawv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj. Piv txwv li, koj yuav nruab ib version, uas muaj peev xwm nkaus xwb yuav programmed, thiab muaj me ntsis them nyiaj yug rau lub Internet (loading xwb text Cheebtsam). Qhov kev xaiv no yog tsim rau cov neeg uas tsis tau mloog zoo rau kev ua hauj lwm thiab lossi distracted. Muaj cov neeg uas yuav zoo tshaj plaws kho lub hwj chim kom tau lub zoo kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub tshuab. Kev xaiv tsa ib tug ntau, thiab tsuas yog koj yuav tau nres ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv.