Plab hnyuv villi: qauv, muaj nuj nqi, cov ntshav mov thiab nta

Rau lub qub hauj lwm ntawm tib neeg lub cev yuav tsum kom tsawg ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus. Haum ntawm tseem ceeb lub neej yam thiab lawv degradation khoom yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv. Muab tso rau ntawd hnyuv villi thiab ua no muaj nuj nqi. Lawv lub cev, qhov chaw, cytology, thiab yuav tsum tau tham ntxiv.

Tus qauv ntawm cov hnyuv thiab nws cov kev khiav dej num

Nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev department faib 3 - lub duodenum, jejunum thiab ileum. Thawj txog 30 cm ntev. Ntawm no los txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub plab hnyuv epithelium enzymes, cov kua tsib thiab pancreatic enzymes. Nyob rau hauv tib department suction txheej txheem yuav pib. Dej thiab ntsev, amino acids thiab vitamins, fatty acids koom sucked tawm nrog kev pab los ntawm lub villi.

Nruab nrab ntawm lub jejunum thiab cov ileum yog tsis muaj tseeb lwm ciam teb, thiab tag nrho cov ntev yog 4.5-5.5 m. Tab sis nrog sib txawv, ntawm chav kawm, nyob ua ib ke. Jejunum :

• Nws muaj ib tug ntau dua cov phab ntsa thickness;
• Plab hnyuv villi nws ntev thiab ntawm me me txoj kab uas hla, thiab lawv muaj pes tsawg yog ntau dua;
• nws yog zoo dua nkag nrog cov ntshav.

Tseem, lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub duodenum - lub plab zom mov ntawm cov zaub mov. Tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub plab hnyuv lumen, tus txheej txheem no yog nqa tawm, tab sis kuj nyob ze ntawm lub phab ntsa (parietal zom cov zaub mov) raws li nyob rau hauv lub hlwb (intracellular).

Yuav kom siv rau tom kawg nyob rau hauv lub mucosa muaj tshwj xeeb thauj systems yog cov sib txawv rau txhua tus muaj. Ib qho ntxiv feature ntawm cov hnyuv yog absorbed. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam - qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb feature.

Tso villi thiab lawv lub cev

Plab hnyuv villi nyob rau hauv lub gut muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho peb seem ntawm cov hnyuv thiab muab lawv ib tug velvety tsos. Qhov ntev ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov villi kwv yees li 1 hli, thiab muab heev ntom. Lawv yog ua los ntawm cov qog ua kua membrane protrusions. Ib square millimeter ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub me me hnyuv thawj thiab thib ob theem yuav ua tau los ntawm 22 mus rau 40 daim, nyob rau hauv lub iliac - 30.

Sab nraum tag nrho cov plab hnyuv villi yog them nrog epithelium. Txhua lub cell muaj ib tug plurality ntawm protrusions hu ua microvilli. Lawv tus nqi yuav tsum tau raws li high school raws li 4 th. Ib epithelial cell, uas muaj nuj nqis tsub kom qhov chaw epithelium, thiab raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub suction nto ntawm txoj hnyuv.

Tag nrho cov plab hnyuv villi nyob rau hauv lub gut ntawm tus txiv neej yog axially lymphatic hlab ntsha originating nyob rau ntxeev ntawm lub villi thiab ib tug plurality ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus pov tseg nyob rau hauv lub stroma.

Cellular muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub villi

Nws yog ib lub xub ntiag ntawm tej hom hlwb lub luag hauj lwm rau li cas lub plab hnyuv villi. Tiam sis ua ntej tej yam uas ua ntej:

Txhua villus, hais txog ntawm qhov chaw, yog hlua nrog epithelial txheej uas muaj peb hom ntawm cell: lub columnar epithelial hlwb, Goblet exocrine thiab endocrine hlwb.

enterocytes

Nws yog lub feem ntau nquag ces yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub epithelium ntawm lub villi cell hom. Nws ob lub npe ntawm tus columnar epithelial cell hom. Hlwb prismatic zoo. Ib tug tseem ceeb muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub plab hnyuv villi yog ua los ntawm lawv. Enterocytes muab tsiv los ntawm tus mob huam mus rau hauv cov ntshav thiab cov qog tshuab yuav tsum tau los ntawm lub cev ntawm tshuaj uas ua thaum lub sij hawm noj mov.

Nyob rau hauv epithelial hlwb rau ntawm qhov chaw muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb ntug tsim microvilli. Cov microvilli 1 micron ² yog hom twg los ntawm 60 mus rau 90 daim. Lawv ua rau kom cov suction nto ntawm txhua cell 30-40 lub sij hawm. Nyob rau saum npoo microvilli glycocalyx generates cleaving enzymes.

Ib hom ntawm epithelial hlwb yog hlwb nrog microfold los yog thiaj li hu ua M-hlwb. Lawv qhov chaw nyob - lub ntsej muag qog hauv paus ob pab pawg neeg thiab ib tug neeg. Lawv txawv los ntawm ib tug ntau flattened zoo thiab ib tug me me muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm microvilli. Tab sis qhov no nto yog them microfolds uas cov cell muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm capturing tus macromolecule thiab plab hnyuv lumen.

Goblet exocrine thiab endocrinocytes

Tib hlwb, tus xov tooj uas tsub kom los ntawm lub duodenum mus rau lub ileum. Cov no yog cov raug txheej hlwb noog thiab ces tso nws pub leejtwg mus rau ib tug mucosal nto. Hais tias slime txhawb khoom noj khoom haus raws plab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm daim nyias nyias digestion.

Zoo li hlwb nyob rau hauv lub degree ntawm tsub zuj zuj ntawm kua therein, thiab hnoos qeev tsim nws tus kheej tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kev tso kawm ntawm tus Golgi apparatus. Npliag tawb, siab highlight koj daim card thiab nqaim nrog ib tug txo cov tub ntxhais.

Nws endocrinocytes ua ke thiab paim biologically active tshuaj uas tsis tau tsuas yog ua si ib digestive muaj nuj nqi, tab sis kuj ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev metabolism. Thawj qhov kev tso kawm ntawm cov hlwb - lub duodenum.

zog

Los ntawm cov qauv yuav tam sim ntawd ntshiab uas muaj nuj nqi yog ua los ntawm lub plab hnyuv villi nyob rau hauv lub digestive txheej txheem, vim li ntawd tsuas luv luv ntsuas lawv:

1. Lub haum ntawm carbohydrates, cov nqaijrog, amino acids, raws li zoo raws li lawv degradation khoom. Lawv dhau los ntawm cov hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv lub villi, thiab nyob rau cov ntshav nqa nyob rau hauv lub portal system ntawm daim siab.
2. Lipid haum, tab sis, theej, chylomicron hais derived ntawm lipids. Lawv dhau mus rau hauv lub lymphatic fibers thiab mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, bypassing lub siab.
3. Lwm nuj nqi ntawm lub plab hnyuv villi - secretory, paim hnoos qeev rau yooj yim nce qib ntawm cov zaub mov los ntawm cov hnyuv.
4. Endocrine, vim hais tias ib co ntawm cov villi hlwb tsim histamine thiab serotonin, secretin thiab ntau lwm yam tshuaj hormones thiab Bava.

Bookmark lub embryo thiab lwm tom qab raug mob

Los ntawm cov cell yog thiab yuav ua li cas lub plab hnyuv villi, peb to taub, tab sis thaum nws yog pw nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab tej yam uas hlwb? Cia peb kawm cov lus nug no.

Qhov kawg ntawm lub ob hlis los yog thaum pib ntawm lub thib peb intrauterine tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob yog pib los mam los ntawm lub plab endoderm hauv cov hnyuv thiab nws haumxeeb Cheebtsam - folds, villi, crypts.

Chiv, epithelial hlwb tsis muaj ib tug nruj ntau yam, txog rau thaum xaus ntawm peb lub hlis lawv sib cais. Glycocalyx rau lub microvilli, uas yog them nrog epithelial hlwb, yog pw nyob rau lub plaub hlis ntawm tus me nyuam.

Nyob rau hauv lub lim piam thib tsib, thaum zoo thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub, muaj ib tug serous tab ntawm txoj hnyuv, thiab lub yim - nqaij thiab connective cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub hnyuv. Tag nrho cov zoo li raug nteg los ntawm cov mesoderm (visceral nplooj) thiab connective cov ntaub so ntswg mesenchyme.

Thaum uas tag nrho ntawm lub digestive system hlwb thiab cov nqaij mos nteg thaum lub sij hawm me nyuam hauv plab kev loj hlob, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ua lawv zog, plab hnyuv villi yog puas ntsoog. Yuav ua li cas rov qab ntawm lub chaw nyob qhov twg lub hlwb tuag? Los ntawm mitotic division ntawm kev noj qab nyob hlwb nyob ze. Lawv tsuas coj qhov chaw ntawm tuag lug txhawb cov miv thiab pib ua nws txoj kev ua.