Polymerase saw tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab nws cov xwm thiab Scope ntawm

Polymerase saw tshuaj tiv thaiv (PCR) - ib txoj kev ntawm molecular biology, uas tso cai rau ntes nyob rau hauv lom khoom me me ntawm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), los yog es, ib co ntawm nws thooj, thiab muab lawv ntau lub sij hawm. Ces lawv pom tias visually los ntawm gel electrophoresis. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1983 los ntawm K. Mullis thiab muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov koj discoveries ntawm tsis ntev los no xyoo.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov mechanisms PCR

Cov tag nrho txoj kev yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm ntawm nucleic acids rau nws tus kheej-replicate, uas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj nyob rau artificially nyob rau hauv cov kev kuaj. DNA replication yuav tsis tau pib tej cheeb tsam ntawm lub molecule, tiam sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam uas muaj ib txog kev ib theem zuj zus ntawm nucleotides - lub pib tawg tsam. Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau lub polymerase chain reaction tau pib, peb yuav tsum tau primer (los yog DNA probes). Cov no yog cov luv luv tawg tsam ntawm DNA sequences nrog ib tug muab nucleotide ib theem zuj zus. Lawv yog cov complementary (i.e., coj mus rau) pib ntawm cov qauv DNA feem.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, los tsim primers, zaum yuav tsum kawm ib theem zuj zus ntawm nucleotides ntawm lub nucleic acid, uas yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem. Cov DNA probes kom cov tseem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab nws cov pib. Polymerase saw tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsis mus, yog hais tias tus qauv tsis nrhiav kom tau li ib tug qauv ntawm cov kev kawm DNA. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau cov saum toj no primers, ib tug txheej ntawm nucleotides, Thaum tshav kub kub resistant DNA polymerase. Cov yav tas yog ib qho enzyme - catalytic tshua ntawm synthesis ntawm tshiab nucleic acid molecules rau ib tug qauv hauv paus. Tag nrho cov ntawm cov tshuaj, xws li lom teeb meem, uas yog tsim nyog los qhia DNA ua ke rau hauv ib lub tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov (cov tshuaj). Nws yog muab tso rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb cov cua kub uas ua nws heev sai cua sov thiab cua txias nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm - lub voj voog. Lawv yog cov feem ntau yog 30-50.

Yuav ua li cas yog no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Lub essence ntawm no yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm ib phaum, cov primers uas txuas mus rau feem ntawm yam DNA, tom qab uas nws mus doubling los ntawm cov enzyme. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub resulting DNA strands tsim nyob rau hauv tom ntej mus ntau thiab ntau daim ntawm zoo tib yam molecules.

Polymerase saw tshuaj tiv thaiv yog li qhia siv kuj zoo tu qab tso nram qab no nws cov kauj ruam. Nws yus muaj los ntawm thawj ob npaug tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sij hawm txhua lub voj voog ntawm cov cua kub thiab cua txias. Nyob rau hauv lub kauj ruam thib ob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim deceleration txij thaum lub enzyme yog puas thiab loses kev ua si. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, depleted stocks ntawm nucleotides thiab primers. Nyob rau hauv lub dhau theem - hauv toj siab - cov khoom yog tsis noog li reagents tshaj.

Qhov twg nws yog siv

Undoubtedly, cov broadest daim ntawv thov polymerase chain reaction pom nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab science. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem thiab lwm cov biology, kev kho tsiaj, chaw muag tshuaj, thiab txawm ecology. Thaum lub yav tas yog ua los saib xyuas cov zaub mov zoo thiab tej khoom. Mob siab siv polymerase chain reaction nyob rau hauv lub forensic xyaum kom paub meej tias leej txiv thiab qhia kom paub txog ib tug neeg txoj kev qhia tias yog leejtwg. Nyob rau hauv forensic science, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv paleontology, feem ntau cov qauv no yog tib txoj kev, vim hais tias nws yog feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no uas tsis tshua muaj me me ntawm DNA. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, ib tug heev siv lug qauv no yog pom nyob rau hauv txoj kev xyaum ntawm cov tshuaj. Nws yuav tsum tau nws nyob rau hauv xws chaw raws li noob caj noob ces, mob thiab oncological kab mob.