Polymers nyob rau hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub: hluavtaws roj hmab

Niaj hnub no, hluavtaws polymers nyob ib qho tseem ceeb heev txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm tag nrho noob neej. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau ntau qhov chaw ntawm peb lub neej txhua hnub: los ntawm cov khaub ncaws, tais diav, cov khoom ua si rau aircraft, cuaj luaj, cov tsheb. Thiab ib qho ntawm feem nthuav thiab tseem ceeb rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm txawv zog yog ib tug hluavtaws roj hmab. Formula ntuj analogue muaj ib tug tsis tu ncua qauv, thaum nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, hluavtaws - lus.

Yuav kom tsim polymers ntawm no hom ntawm ib tug muaj scale pib ua ntej lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Russia. Butadiene roj hmab-sodium "Boone" tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Thiab tus thawj yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj scale nyob rau hauv Russia polybutadiene. Nws ua los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov anionic polymerization kua butadiene tsim Lebedev S.

Tom qab tsov rog, vim tsis muaj tej yam ntuj tso khoom, khoom cua hom pib ua nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Los ntawm lub sij hawm uas mus hnub no tso tawm los ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv, raws li hluavtaws roj hmab, raws li zoo raws li tag nrho cov roj hmab lawm, nws koom mus rau ib tug loj-scale lawm. Automotive, khoos kas aerospace thiab aviation, engineering, siv, hluav taws xob engineering, tshuaj, khau kev lag luam, cov neeg siv khoom - tsis muaj leej twg ntawm cov lag luam yuav tsis ua ib ke tsis no cov cim polymer. Tej thoob plaws siv yog vim lub cim txheej ntawm lub cev thiab cov neeg kho tshuab cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau hom ntawm roj hmab thiab rubbers raws li nyob rau hauv lawv.

Khoom cua roj hmab - yog ib tug elastomer uas lub xam qhovkev elasticity, dej kuj thiab hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev zog. Nrog rau kev siv ntawm lub vulcanization txheej txheem polymers ntawm no hom yuav tau mus rau hauv roj hmab thiab ebonite.

Tag nrho polymeric ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov kev kawm no yog txwv kom muab zais raws li hauv daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov pos hniav ntawm tshwj xeeb thiab cov hom phiaj kev. Khoom cua roj hmab cov hom phiaj kev - yog ib tug uas yog yus muaj los ntawm complex heev kev zog (yooj, lub dag lub zog, durability, thiab lwm tus neeg.). cov hom phiaj kev rubbers ntse siv rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov khoom ntawm loj ntau lawm, feem ntau rau log tsheb. Ntawm no muaj xws li butadiene, butadiene-methylstyrene, isoprene rubbers, thiab isobutylene-isoprene copolymer (butyl roj hmab).

Khoom cua roj hmab yog ib txwm ib tug tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj los yog ob peb txawv ib cim feature uas muab ib tug high-qib tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau rau cov khoom ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov huab tej yam kev mob. Piv txwv li, lub looj Nws yog lub npe hu rau nws cov high roj thiab roj-resistant. Fluorinated - yog zoo heev thiab gaskets uas muaj thermal stability (200 ° C). Tsis tas li ntawd lub npe hu polysulfide hluavtaws roj hmab, vinylpyridine, urethanes, thiab lwm yam halogenated isobutylene.

Dua li no muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm polymeric ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov qauv thiab cov khoom, rau hnub tim, txoj kev loj hlob tseem nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, yuav tsum tau mus ntsib tus puas loj hlob xav tau ntawm cov neeg muas zaub ntau nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam sib txawv.