Zu-23-2: yam ntxwv, kev piav qhia, yees duab

Thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1941-1945, peb cov tub rog yog ntsib nrog ob tug tsis muaj hmoo no: ib tug yuav luag tag nrho cov tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm hnyav tshuab phom thiab anti-aircraft sib. Tsis yog, airfields tiv thaiv lawv, tab sis mus rau tiv thaiv cov tub rog kem nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj yog feem ntau tsuas tsis muaj dab tsi. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim - ntev, yuav luag peb xyoos domination ntawm Nazi aircraft nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab loj loj losses nyob rau hauv cov khoom thiab manpower.

Uas yog vim li cas lub post-tsov rog xyoo mus rau lub kev loj hlob ntawm anti-aircraft artillery tau ces muab pov tseg qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev thiab kev cov neeg ua ntawm cov USSR. Cov tshwm sim ntawm lawv kev ua hauj lwm, nrog rau, los ua lub anti-aircraft phom zu-23-2, uas nyob li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub Modernization ntawm ib tug yooj yim nco-23. Armed nws stands rau ntau tshaj 50 xyoo, thiab nws cov ntxiv nws kev loj hlob, nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog ib tug ntxaib (phom thiab mos txwv loj) zu-30, yoojyim tsis muaj tsis ntseeg tsis tshua muaj neeg vam meej lub tswv yim.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws tuaj los ntawm?

Yog li ntawd, tom qab tus poj Patriotic tag nrho system ntawm anti-aircraft riam phom tau undergone ib tug ua tiav overhaul thiab restructuring. Tam sim ntawd, nws tau pom zoo hais tias cov 25 hli phom, vim lawv ntau luj, yog haum thiaj tau tuaj rau lub fleet. Efficiency kuj nrov thaum lub sij hawm, 37-hli caliber yog tsis txaus mus nqa tawm kev "terrestrial" teeb meem.

Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub troops urgently demanded me me-caliber automatic cannon rau cov piv txwv ntawm cov neeg uas thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog twb ntsia rau fighter dav hlau. Ua tau, raws li ib lub hauv paus raws li lub sij hawm thiab tau noj los ntawm lub legendary riam phom ntawm IL-2. Nco ntsoov tias muaj cov tam sim no muaj ntau txhiab tus antiaircraft zu-23-2 chav nyob thiab 20mm analogues los ua tsis tshua tau paub dua nws nyob deb cannon "txwv zeej txwv koob."

Twb tau nyob rau 1955 peb tes num ntawm anti-aircraft 23-hli 2A14 automatic yog tswvcuab. Engineers muaj nyob rau hauv ob configurations: hluas thiab dual. Xeem ib zaug muaj ntau dua feem, thiab yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv peb variants. Tag nrho cov hom tau tsuas yog ib phau ntawv version ntawm tus tsav, txawm peem rau nrog ib tug standard anti-aircraft pom Zap-23.

Lub Commission txiav txim siab tias cov qauv zu-14 zoo tshaj plaws raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov tub rog. Nws yog nws 1959 "tsav tsheb mus" los ntawm tag nrho cov theem ntawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm chav caj npab nyob rau hauv ob peb cov tub rog ntawv. Nws tau txais mus rau hauv qhov kev pab nyob rau hauv 1960, muab lub npe ntawm tus zu-23. Koom nyob rau hauv lub ntau lawm cog tooj 535. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tseem tshem tawm ntawm tag nrho cov uas tau txheeb xyuas raug thiab "thaum yau kab mob" Nws coj 10 xyoo, thiab ces tuaj mus rau lub teeb installation zu-23-2.

tsim nta

Tsis Siv Neeg powered los ntawm lub zog ntawm hmoov gases faib. Lub rooj vag ntawm lub npoo hom locking chim los ntawm txoj kev nws abutment "outgrowth" nyob rau hauv lub ua si nraum zoov ntawm lub receiver. Successful tsim ntawm lub pob tw nce tso cai nws hloov nyob rau hauv ib tug kev sib ntaus los qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv cia li 15-20 seconds. Tsis tas li ntawd zoo heev yog drives kab rov tav thiab ntsug aiming, nruab nrog caij nplooj ntoos hlav cushioning pab kiag li lawm.

Tus tswj hwm siv sij hawm tsawg heev kom meej txoj kev taw qhia. Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub zu-23-2, uas ua rau yus tus official chaw tsim tshuaj paus ntawm cov tshuab, thiab muaj koj yuav nrhiav tau cov ntaub ntawv uas cov kev kawm xam muaj peev xwm siv txoj kev qhia rau cov tsuas 5-15 vib nas this. Thiab nws muab siv neeg kho tshuab txhais tau tias ntawm tus kho lus! Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias tus pov tseg ntawm cov tub rog tau upgraded zu-30m nrog opto-electronic systems, tshaaj thiab mus txog qhovtwg ntawm tus kwv yog ua yuav luag instantly.

Nyob rau opposite sab ntawm lub pob tw yuav tau kis nyob rau hauv xwb peb lub vib nas this! Cov mos txwv mov - siv hom. Hlau kab xev yog siv, tus qauv loj - 50 cartridges, uas yog stacked nyob rau hauv ib tug hlau box, tso cai rau koj kom sai nqa tawm recharging cov cuab yeej. Txhua lub thawv nrog ribbon cartridges, thiab nyhav ze li ntawm 35,5 kg. Platform installation - pob, txawm peem rau nrog peb jackscrews. Nrog lawv pab, zu-23-2 securely fastened nyob rau hauv lub firing txoj hauj lwm.

Lub platform yog muab nrog ib tug towing Lug. Nyob rau hauv lub stowed txoj hauj lwm qhov chaw sawv nyob rau hauv ob lub log ntawm lub gaz-69. Muaj yog ib tug Torsion bar ncua kev kawm ntawv, uas ua hauj lwm pab kom txo tau cov ntxim yuav zoo siv ntawm kev puas tsuaj mus rau lub seev thaum lub sij hawm thauj tshaj ntxhib struts. Qhov no tseem ceeb qhov tseeb, raws li nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm khaus clashes ntau dua los yog tsawg ib txwm txoj kev nyob twj ywm tsis tshua muaj heev.

Kev taw qhia, shooting nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm cov hom phiaj

Aiming zu-23-2 yog ua los ntawm kev siv lub twb hais saum toj no Zap-23 mus dhia. Tus tam sim no ntau yam mus rau lub hom phiaj yuav incorporated mus ua ib tug ntau ntawm mus txog 3,000 meters. Qhov no tuas 00 ntawm cov hoob kawm cov kev taw qhia thiab hauv av ceev ntawm tus kwv ua raws li los mus txog rau 300 m / s. Qhov pom tso cai leej heev kom muab tso rau qhov yuav tsum tau pre-emption, uas muaj ib tug nyhuv lig rau qhov yuav tshwm ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm aircraft bombarded.

Thaum tua ntawm av lub hom phaj tib yuav tsum tau muab hloov ntawm ib tug deb ntawm txog li 2000 meters. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub (experimental xam) ntau yam yuav tsum tau txiav txim "los ntawm txhais tes", tab sis qhov no feem ntau yeej zoo siab siv stereodalnomera. Tag nrho lwm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj nkag mus rau lub qhov muag. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb yog cov ces kaum ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab nws azimuth. Vim hais tias ntawm no, zu-23-2 (TTX nws peb tuaj nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm) yog heev "demanding" kom muaj ib tug zoo-kawm xam.

Ib tug feature ntawm no flak yog qhov tseeb hais tias tag nrho-sighting system tsim Zap-23 los pom rau hauv av lub hom phaj T-3. Nco ntsoov tias nws muaj ib tug neeg sab nraud txoj kab ntawm pom.

Qhov zoo ntawm anti-aircraft

Oddly txaus, tab sis lub anti-aircraft phom zu-23-2 yog nto moo tsis yog rau nws "cua" txuj ci, tab sis nws yog ib tug saum npoo daim ntawv thov. Tag nrho lub zos tsis sib haum ntawm tsis ntev los no xyoo muaj pov thawj hais tias qhov no lub cuab tam zoo tagnrho raws li ib tug lub ntsiab txhais tau tias ntawm motorized phom loj qhov ncauj poob siab raws li dab tsi tsim lawv tsuas ua tsis tau. Firstly, ZSU yuav instantly deployed rau lub deployed txoj hauj lwm. Secondly, nws muaj peev xwm pab tau raws li yuav instantly yuav suppressed tag nrho cov hom ntawm lub hom phaj muaj nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm ib tug tib neeg txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv (a kilometer).

Heev feem ntau, qhov yuav tsum tau rau xws siv cov zu-23-2 tshwm sim nyob rau hauv collisions nrog cov lus pab tub rog formations ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm counter-ua phem ua hauj lwm. Alas, lawv tau ua dhau los 20 xyoo nyob rau hauv lub tiag tiag "zam qauv".

Lwm yam "highlights" siv

Great kom zoo dua ntawm no teeb yog qhov tseeb hais tias nws tsis yuav tsum tau pre-engineering kev kawm txoj haujlwm. Nws suffices tsuas ntau dua los yog tsawg tiaj. Ntawm no nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tau ntawm cov ntsia hlau jacks, uas yuav ua tau vim xav ua txawm 30 degrees tig mus rau hauv ib qho zoo tagnrho dav hlau. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb yog tseem ceeb nyob rau Afghanistan thiab Chechnya, qhov twg lub 23-hli anti-aircraft phom zu-23-2 twb siv nyob rau hauv lub roob.

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias ib tug neeg coob coherent installation yuav ua rau hauv lub firing txoj hauj lwm rau xwb 15-20 vib nas this. Los ntawm marching nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los - rau 35-40 vib nas this. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum nws tau raug qhov tseeb hais tias, yog tias tsim nyog, lub cim xeeb-23-2 yuav hluav taws nyob rau hauv cov kev khiav tawm, thaum nyob rau hauv lub stowed txoj hauj lwm. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tseeb thiab precision nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yuav tsis yog yuav hu ua fee, tab sis nws yuav haum rau ntxiv sib ntaus sib tua.

Nyias yuav tau mus tham txog qhov zoo nkauj qhov chaw ntawm muaj. Nyob rau hauv cab nws yuav siv sij hawm twg pab tub rog lub tsheb, vim txawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tag nrho weaponized nco loj npaum li cas tsawg tshaj ib tonne. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev leem carriage ceev yuav ua tau mus txog rau 70 km / h, thiab nyob rau hauv txoj kev - 20 km / h. Yog li ntawd zu-23-2, ib tug kev piav qhia ntawm uas peb tuaj - ib tug tsawg "ntoo khaub lig-lub teb chaws" anti-aircraft rab phom.

Ib tug heev ib qho tseem ceeb kom zoo dua yog tseem lub siab tshaj plaws maintainability. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv tsuas yog siv qhov nyuaj thiab feem ntau qib ntawm steel, yog li ntawd kho yuav ncaav nyob rau hauv tej enterprise uas muaj tsawg kawg yog lub feem ntau txheej thaum ub cov cuab yeej thiab lwm yam khoom siv.

Mos txwv, cartridges feature

Tus txheem mos txwv zu-23-2 muaj 23-hli mos txwv. Projectiles siv ob hom - BZT thiab OFZT (BFL). Tus thawj - armor-tho caws nplaum taug qab. Nws tau ua nrog rau tag nrho warhead, uas nws loj yog 190, lub hauv qab yog ib feem muaj tus nqi rau tracing, golovnaya- caws nplaum muaj pes tsawg leeg. OFZ, piv txwv li high-heev nqi yog lub taub hau ntawm lub loj ntawm 188,5 g Ua ntej 90s zu-23-2 (kev piav qhia ntawm lub installation yog qhia nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) yog feem ntau siv hom mos txwv.

Fusing ob siv V19UK hom (nyob rau hauv ua ntej lawm versions - MG-25). Nws txawv feature yog muaj ntawm nws tus kheej-killer, thaum lub sij hawm nws mus txawv tebchaws - 11 vib nas this. Txawm li cas los ntawm lub hom ntawm tus projectile, raws li cov propellant siv 77 grams ntawm cov hmoov qib 5/7 TSFL. Nco ntsoov tias tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov creation ntawm cov mos txwv cov ntaub ntawv, ob peb lub teb chaws kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum koom nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm tshiab hom propellants, uas yuav muaj lub siab tshaj plaws zog noj thiab tus nqi ntawm combustion.

Ballistic yam ntxwv ntawm cov mos txwv

Tag nrho cov cartridge ceeb thawj (tsis hais txog ntawm hom) 450 Khoom, nroj tsuag thiab ballistic kev kawm yog tseem yog tib lub. Tus tshaj tawm los ntawm 980 m / s, lub siab tshaj plaws qhov siab ( "qab nthab") - 1500 m, lub siab tshaj plaws guaranteed ntau yam ntawm yeej - mus txog rau 2000 m. Note: thaum lub caij hom OFZ zoo li yog siv heev tsis tshua muaj, vim hais tias lawv yog sib ntaus sib tua lub hwj chim ntawm tus niaj hnub yuav tsum tau tsis teb.

Xijpeem, ib tug ntau ntawm kev thuam zu-23-2 (nws tus yam ntxwv, peb twb sib tham) khwv tau thaum lub sij hawm ob Chechen campaigns: nws muab tawm hais tias OFZ zoo li yog heev tsis zoo suited rau kev siv nyob rau hauv nroog tej kev kawm, raws li lawv muaj ib pluag muaj peev xwm mus puncturing.

Feem ntau, rau daim kab xev yog ua ntaj riam thaiv los ntawm ib tug tsis muaj sau txoj cai: plaub plhaub OFZT ib BZT. Thiab lwm. MG-25 Blaster, uas muaj ib tug ntau ntawm shortcomings, yog tam sim no mas hloov los ntawm ib tug B-19UK. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog tej yam yooj yim. Firstly, nws rhiab heev rau qhov tuab nto yog kiag li analogous mus rau hais tias ntawm yav tas los qauv, tab sis lub fuse tsis detonate rau hu plhaub nrog raindrops. Secondly, nws muaj ntau npaum li cas zoo dua dej tiv thaiv.

kev sib ntaus los daim ntawv thov

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm siv triumphal zu-23-2 tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm lub Afghan phiaj los nqis tes. Lawv, vim lawv tsis muaj loj, compactness, yooj yim uas thauj thiab knockdown twb zoo tagnrho rau yuav tsum vov pab pawg me me flue mojaheds. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, lub ntsiab luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no ua si "Shilka" ...

Ntawm no yog cov cia li ib tug self-propelled tag nrho cov xav txaus. Thaum xub thawj tus tub rog "semi-underground" tsim "Zushki" nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom, lub nram qab no raws li ib feem ntawm ib pab tub rog txhua, thiab ces tus zu-23-2 nyob rau hauv no luag hauj lwm tau txais tus formal pom zoo los ntawm cov tub rog tub ceev xwm ntawm txhua theem. Heev feem ntau lawv pib mus rau Mount rau lub tsheb thauj khoom Ural-375 thiab KAMAZ. Nws twb tseem pom hais tias tsib zu-23-2 anti-aircraft tshuab nti tiv thaiv cov tub rog convoys, txawm nyob rau ib tug loj tos kev tua, lus "crumbled" qhov tseeb sai li sai tau.

Lub fact tias cov BMP-1, nrog ib rab phom, uas muaj ib tug negligible kaum sab xis ntawm ascent, ib tug zoo txhais tau tias ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib pab tub rog txhua los ntawm ambushes ntawm lub Mujahideen nyob rau hauv lub roob. Tsis yog tsis muaj kev koom tes los ntawm cov riam phom thiab ua tsov ua rog uas tsoo tawm nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub Soviet Union tam sim ntawd tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub teb chaws. Thiab niaj hnub no, lub zu-23-2 anti-aircraft sib, ib tug yees duab ntawm cov uas yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, tag nrho ntawm tag nrho cov "kub me ntsis" ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Ntawm cov tsis ntev los no uas yog muaj nqis mentioning sluggish Ukrainian teeb meem nyob rau hauv uas ob tog ua nws kim heev kev siv ntawm "zushki".

Thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ua ke zu-23-2 siv heev dua lwm yam rau kev ua hauj lwm rau hauv pem teb lub hom phaj. Me xav tau downed aircraft nyob rau hauv lub midst ntawm hostilities ob tog ntawm qhov fab ntxeev yog tsis muaj ntev (muaj yog tsis muaj ntau), tab sis thaum lub sij hawm ua phem fortified settlements no riam phom tau proven yuav qhov zoo tshaj plaws sab.

niaj hnub versions

Alas, txawm lub thov efficiency ntawm huab cua lub hom phaj yog tsis tshua muaj rau tag nrho nws cov virtues, ris cia li 0.023. Qhov ntau yam ntawm ntog mus rau hauv ib tug niaj hnub aircraft (nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm cov nyoob hoom qav taub) yog txawm tsawg, thiab ho.

Txawm li cas los, lub barrage ntawm no installation tsis tau poob nws qhov tseeb, raws li tsuas yog ib ob peb hits yuav coj yuav luag txhua aircraft. Zajlus kom txoj kev - lub installation ntawm automatic phom loj scopes thiab lub hom phiaj mus txog qhovtwg tshuab. Qhov no yog dab tsi yog tam sim no leej twg los ua hauj lwm KB Tochmash lawv. A. E. Nudelmana. Lawv ua hauj lwm tsim lub hauv paus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm tshiab anti-aircraft sib zu-23-2. Duab ntawm cov qauv kom paub qhov txawv yooj yim, raws li lawv yog tam sim no pib ntim anti-aircraft missiles.

Cov kev pab cuam ntawm upgraded qauv

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub upgraded "zushek" yog electromechanical motors kev taw qhia systems, lub newest sights illuminated ua hauj lwm cheeb tsam, ib tug laser rangefinder, uas tso cai rau mus rau ib tug Meter los mus txiav txim qhov kev ncua deb txawm nyob rau hauv cov neeg pluag visibility tej yam kev mob. Rau cov lag luam thaum hmo ntuj, lub system ntxiv yuav txawm peem rau nrog ib tug thermal imager, uas tshuam raws nraim thermal tawg yeeb ncuab khoom ob peb kis lus mev. Raws, qhov no tso cai rau koj mus khob tawm txawm tias ib tug niaj hnub sib ntaus los nyoob hoom qav taub.

Los ntawm cov kev siv ntawm cov modernized anti-aircraft phom tau tau kiag li tshem tawm outdated pom Zap-23 los ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm gunner. Nws twb hloov los ntawm opto-hluav taws xob module nrog ntxiv kev taw qhia thiab tswj lub nruab. Podolsky tsim neeg pab leg ntaubntawv hais tias raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho cov nrhav, qhov tshwm sim rau ntaus lub hom phiaj ntawm ib zaug nce peb lub ntsiab. Tab sis qhov tiag "ntaus" tau ua ib tug qauv zu-30m, qhov kev siv ntawm cov uas muab rau cov installation ntawm lub thawv hom MANPADS "Igla", Stinger los yog lwm tus, raws li mus rau qhov kawg neeg muas zaub.

Yog li ntawd zu-23-2, tus yam ntxwv uas tau sib tham nyob rau hauv peb daim ntawv, tau muab nce mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug tag nrho ntau yam uas yooj yim, zoo thiab pheej yig anti-aircraft phom. Tau kho, "zushka" ntau tshaj ib xyoo yuav siv tau rau nws npaj lub hom phiaj. Peb tseem nco ntsoov tias teb chaws Poland, nyob rau hauv "qoob" uas tshuav ib tug ntau ntawm cov flak, txhob txwm koom nyob rau hauv qhuav raws li cov kev modernized kuaj. Domestic designers heev tu siab los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lub Tug tsis ua raws li cov kev cai lij choj.

Peb cia siab hais tias lub zu-23-2 thiab nws TTHa peb piav tau txaus siab rau koj. Qhov no ua tsov rog - ib tug zoo meej piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas rau chiv muab lub peev xwm ntawm modernizing antiaircraft phom yuav tsum tau siv thaum lub sij hawm tus mob khaub thuas ua tsov ua rog thiab niaj hnub no.