Qhov ntawm hais lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab

Cov menyuam kawm ntawv feem ntau nug cov lus nug: "Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam ntawm qhov chaw hais lus nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus." Teb nws kom meej meej tsis yog tau: muaj ntau cov tsev kawm ntawv uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv ntau yam le caag, faib ib tug txawv tus naj npawb ntawm cov pawg. Piv txwv li, morphological mus kom ze AK Polivanova - NN Durnovo tso cai rau koj mus rau npe rau. AM Peshkovski allocates ib tug tag nrho tsib.

Nyob rau hauv kev, linguists ntseeg tau hais tias cov nqe lus nug ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm qhov chaw hais lus yog nyob mus ib txhis. Qhov ntau zaum yog immersed nyob rau hauv kev kawm lus, qhov ntau feem ntau lawv hais lawv tus kheej cov nqe lus nug: "Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm tej yam tshwm sim yuav tsum tau tseem ceeb rau cov kev faib ntawm cov pawg?". Muaj ntau ntau theories, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg ntawm lawv yog tej yam.

Feem ntau yog cov kev faib tawm, raws li nyob rau hauv morphological thiab syntactic tsis. Nws kam ua li ib lub hauv paus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv acquaintance nrog cov lus. Cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Philology txoj kev tshawb no tag nrho le caag los lo lus nug no, tau paub nrog tag nrho cov lus tej hauj lwm rau siab ua nws. Cov ntaub ntawv kawm ntawm tus hais lus nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus yog txiav txim raws li lawv morphological, grammatical, syntactic cwj pwm. Nws yog ib cov tsis thiab yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev faib.

Tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus yog muab faib mus rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawv. distinguished:

• zoo kawg li (independent) qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus ;

• kev pab cuam;

• interjections.

Independent (lawv yog hu ua notional) qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus yus muaj los ntawm nws tus kheej muaj nqis, qhov / changeable grammatical nta. Lawv teb rau tej lus nug no tham load t. E. Yog siv mus rau kis cov lus qhia. Qhov no muaj xws li qeb tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus, tsuas yog muaj nuj nqi lus thiab interjections.

Rau cov chaw ua hauj lwm yog cov lus uas tsis muaj ib tug nominative qhov tseem ceeb yog tsis ywj siab nyob rau hauv lub lexical cov ntsiab lus uas. Lawv ua hauj lwm - los qhia cov semantic thiab syntactic kev sib raug zoo ntawm notional lus, cov mej zeej los yog qhov chaw ntawm cov kab lus. Cov grammatical lus txhais tau tias muaj xws li cov tsev koom nyiaj, prepositions, hais. Cov yav tas yog tsim nyog los hloov cov lus laus, los yog cov tsim ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv ntawm ib lo lus.

Utilities (neznamenatelnye) qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus yog siv ntau npaum li cas feem ntau tseem ceeb, vim hais tias lawv yog me npaum li cas.

Thaum kawg, muaj interjections. Lawv tsuas siv los qhia tus cwj pwm txawv los yog txoj kev xav yog rau onomatopoeia, muaj tej nuj nqis lawv tus kheej tej yam tshwm sim los yog nws tus kheej-tseem ceeb. Paub qhov txawv nws tus kheej interjections (Oh! Oh! Oh! Opa!) Slovopodrazhaniya (Woof-woof! Crowing!), Substantivized (uas tuaj los ntawm lwm qhov chaw) ib lo lus los yog integer kab zauv (Wow! Wah! Npau suav phem! Txiv!).

Tseem ceeb qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus yog muab faib mus rau hauv me me thiab hais lus.

sau npe:

• tus. (Niam, txiv, krovinushka sib daj sib deev, ntau ntau, nyob ntsiag to, PR.). Lawv qhov yam ntxwv: haiv neeg, nws zoo tshaj plaws declination thiab animate / tswg khoom. Rau uas tsis yog-tas mus li nta xws li: xov tooj (zoo tshaj, plural), muaj peev xwm hloov rau tus neeg mob.

• adjectives (liab, muaj zog, siab tawv, thiab lwm yam). Xaiv rau tej yam tshwm sim, yog tus tsuas yog tas mus li feature: yuav tsum yog qhov zoo los yog tus txheeb ze, los yog possessive.

• Cov tus nab npawj. Qhia tus xov tooj los yog naj npawb account. Nyob rau hauv no tej zaum yuav ntau (tsib, peb puas thiab plaub caug) los yog ib theem zuj zus (thib ob yim puas).

• adverb. Nws yog tsim nyog rau cov kis ntawm ib tug yam ntxwv los yog lub xeev ntawm kev txiav txim (nyob deb deb rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, PR.). Nws tsis ruaj tsis khov yam ntxwv yog tsis tau hloov.

• Cov chaw. Tus kheej tsis muaj nqi, tiam sis nws muaj peev xwm yuav siv tau es tsis txhob ntawm tej lub npe (ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, nws yog denoted los ntawm). (I, cas, ib tug neeg, muaj leej twg, tus twg los, thiab lwm yam). Ntswg tej lus yog qhov.

Linguists ntseeg tau hais tias cov lus hais yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus yuav tsum tau xa ncaj qha mus rau tus verbs thiab lawv cov ntaub ntawv: tej txhais me me, gerund. Ib txhia philological cov tsev kawm ntawv xav txog cov pawg neeg sab nraud (independent) qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus, lwm tus neeg saib lawv raws li cais, tshwj xeeb qhia txog kev ua ntaub ntawv.

• qhia ib los lus ua (khiav, hu nkauj, xim). Nws tas mus li tej yam tshwm sim - daim ntawv (hu nkauj-hu nkauj) tsis tshua mob heev (ntxuav-ntxuav), cov kev hloov (muaj peev xwm / tsis muaj peev xwm mus ua ke nrog ib tus nyob rau hauv lub accusative) conjugation.

• kev cais. Yuav tsum yog siv tau (Khiav, yuav tsum tau pleev xim rau, xim), los yog los ntawm ib tug passive (kos, cov lus hais).

• gerundive. Qhov no yog ib tug kos npe rau ntawm cov tsos mob. Yog tsis tau hloov, yeej ib txwm koom predicate vim hais tias nws sawv cev rau ib tug ntxiv txiav txim nws yog (los yog lub ntsiab lus). (Kuv mus, hu nkauj. Nws twb khiav, dhia).