Qhov ntev ntawm landings: GOST, nta thiab hom

Lwm yog lub ntsiab hom kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab ntawm cov chaw nyob rau txawv muaj ntau seem. Tag nrho lwm cov chaw (du, elevators) pom tau hais tias yuav tshwj xeeb zog txhais tau tias.

Cov kev ua ntawm stairs yog los xyuas kom meej lub zog ntawm cov neeg. Nws yog ib tug guarantee ntawm lawv muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev nplij siab. Raws li, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsa xws li ib tug qauv ntawm txhua tus tswv coj los ntawm cov uas yuav tsum tau thiab cov qauv tau muab teev tseg nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb qhua thiab SNiPY.

Hais ntawm tus ntaiv lug

Dua li ntawm qhov cov loj loj ntau hom thiab hom ntawm stairs muaj ob peb lub ntsiab Cheebtsam:

• Ntaiv (ntsua kev). Yog li ntawd hu ua inclined qauv uas txuas ob tug nyob ze pem teb. Muaj ib tug txwv, raws li uas nyob rau hauv ib tug luv yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav ntau tshaj 12 degrees. Thaum zoo li no yam tsawg kawg nkaus tus xov tooj yog peb cov kauj ruam.
• Cheeb Tsam - ib tug horizontally pov tseg caij yuav tsum tau rau ladders ntawm ob peb marches.
• Fencing - qhov no yuav tsum tau tsim kev tivthaiv muaj banisters thiab Handrails. Nws yog muab tso rau raws ib los yog ob tog ntawm lub stairs. Hom, qhov siab thiab qhov chaw nyob ntawm ntseej teev nyob rau hauv tus qauv qhia ntawv ntawm qhov chaw.

Yuav ua li cas yog tsaws thiab dab tsi yog nws lub luag hauj lwm?

Landings, uas qhov ntev yog tseem cai cov kev cai sawv cev rau qhov chaw ntawm ob marches. Cov kev siv ntawm lub tsaws yog tsim nyog, yog hais tias tus siab ntawm txoj kab ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj tshaj qhov tso cai txwv los yog lub tswv yim npaj kev siv ntawm ob marches ntawm lub kaum sab xis mus rau txhua lwm yam.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub tsaws yog hais tias nws ua ib tug zoo ntawm "pib point", ib nrab caij, los ntawm cov uas tus microscopic neeg yuav tau so. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no tus ntaiv tivthaiv yog siv rau ib tug organic compound ob flights ntawm stairs.

Nyob rau ntau lub staircases (ncaj, teb, nkhaus) cheeb tsam muaj txhua txhua 10 - 14 degrees. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tsim kho kev npaj tswv yim rau thaj chaw, lub luv tej zaum yuav 15 - 20 kauj ruam.

Qhov ntev ntawm landings

Zoo li ntau lwm yam tsis, dav, tob thiab cov khoom tsaws raug cai. Lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov kev cai yog kev txhawj xeeb rau txoj kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev nplij siab los ntawm cov neeg uas yuav siv cov qauv siv.

• Rau txhua hom, muaj ladders coj entryways. Lawv qhov ntev yog xam raws qhov nruab nrab dav ntawm ib tug tib neeg kauj ruam.
• Cov qauv qhia tau tias lawv dav yuav tsis tau ntev theem. Nyob rau hauv huab, xws li cov kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug neeg project, Tsawg heev dav ncoo yuav tsum 640 hli.
• Yuav kom tuaj koom nrog lub ob thaum uas tig mus txuas rau flights, lub dav ntawm lub staircase yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 130 hli. Qhov no equates rau ze li ntawm ob kauj ruam cov nruab nrab tus neeg.
• Lwm yam ntau thiab tsawg pab entryways (tob thiab ntev) xam los ntawm cov qauv los yog correlate nrog lub dav ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj.

Lub parameter nqi tob li feem ntau npaum li cas thiab dav ntawm lub tsuj taw ntawm ib kauj ruam:

• Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov tob = kauj ruam dav + qhov ntev ntawm ib kauj ruam

Rau cov kev siv ntawm cov tsaws thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev siv ntawm cov kab ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj thov cov ntsiab cai ntawm xam. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, kom lub qhov tob ntawm loj lug, nws yuav tsum yog ib tug ntau yam ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov tob.

Nta platforms yeej staircases los yog vaj tse uas tsis yog-tus qauv kauj ruam

Feem ntau thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev siv ntawm ib tug private lub tsev los yog multi-level qhov muaj resorted mus rau qhov kev siv uas tsis tshua muaj zoo nkauj (tab sis tej zaum kuj tsis yooj yim heev) helical los yog muab kauv staircases.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias xws li kev tsim kho yog tsis pom zoo raws li lub ntsiab qhov tseeb rau nce rau lawv tsis yog raws li ib qho yooj yim raws li stairs nrog ncaj marches.

Qhov ntev ntawm staircases thiab platforms helical thiab kauv lug yog raug rau nruj heev ntawm lwm yam uas.

Nyob rau hauv cov mob uas marches ntaiv nyob rau ntawm ib kaum sab xis ntawm 135 mus rau 180 degrees, lub intermediate loj pawm no ntau npau thiab tej zaum yuav tsawg tshaj li 640 hli.

Txawm li cas los, raws li qhov no me me uas koj xav tau, yog hais tias nws yog ib qhov chaw zoo li rays muab faib ua ob halves, los yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm ob-theem platforms. Incidentally, qhov txawv nyob rau hauv qhov siab nruab nrab ntawm ob platform ntau yuav tsum sib npaug zos kauj ruam siab.

Hais tias yam tsawg kawg nkaus dimension entryway (640 hli) yam rau ncig thiab muab kauv staircase nrog cov kauj ruam ntawm lub "gus kauj ruam".

Stairs raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev khiav tawm

Yuav kom tswj cov kev tsim kho ntawm stairways nyob rau hauv vaj tse qhov twg yog feem ntau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg, GOST thiab SNIP muaj tshwj xeeb nruj cov lus qhia. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias qhov luaj li cas ntawm landings yog vim tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov xav li cas ntawm tus tsim tawm thiab designer pom, tab sis ua ntej thiab foremost kev txhawj xeeb rau kev vam meej thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb kev khiav tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov hluav taws los yog lwm yam kev puas tsuaj.

Cov kev yuav tsum muaj:

• Raws li ntau thiab tsawg pab (dav thiab tob) qhov chaw.
• Qhaj ntawv ntawm ruaj khoom thiab designs rau lub stairs nrog rau kev raug mob zadymlyaemosti.
• Ua tus txheej thiab kev khiav tawm stairs ntawm noncombustible cov ntaub ntawv.
• Raws li txaus illumination ntawm stairs nrog rau kev siv tej yam ntuj tso thiab dag qhov chaw (adjustable qhov rais me me los nyob landings thiab lawv lub lag luam hom).

Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum yog tus stairways thiab platforms rau cov xwm txheej ceev stairs?

Npaj rau kev khiav tawm thiab cawm cov kev ua ub ua tsim nyog nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm high-sawv vaj tse los yog pej xeem tej vaj tse.

Cai tsis yog overflights thiab landings. Qhov ntev (Standard qhia qhov yooj yim tsis) ntawm cov ntsiab, raws li zoo raws li qhov ntev ntawm lub corridors, uas yog nyob ib sab mus rau cov lug, yuav tsum tsis txhob thim ntawm lub cai.

Yog li, lub peb hlis ntuj dav uas yuav siv tau rau kev khiav tawm tsis tau twb tau qhov rooj qhib mus rau nws. Qhov ntev stairwells thiab marches:

• Rau vaj tse hauv chav kawm ntawv F 1.1 (hluav taws kev ruaj ntseg yam ntxwv rau multi-storey vaj tse, nyob rau hauv chav tsev yog npaj los yog ib ntus nyob ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg) loj yog 1350 hli.
• Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub plag tsev ntawm lub tsev (tsuas yog cov thawj) yuav ib txhij yuav ntau tshaj 200 tus neeg, tus ntaiv yuav tsum tsis tsawg tshaj li 1200 hli.
• Nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas tus ntaiv mus rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug neeg, tej zaum nws yuav dav ntawm 700 hli.
• Nyob rau hauv lwm yam mob, no daim duab yuav tsum muaj ib tug nruab nrab tus nqi ntawm 900 hli.

Yuav ua li cas lub stairs?

Rau lub chaw ua khoom ntawm staircases thiab lawv tseem ceeb (marches, Balusters, fencing, platforms) fits ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv:

• Tsob ntoo.
• Hlau.
• Iav.
• Pob zeb.

Txawm li cas los tsim nyog cais hauj lwm ladders, ua los ntawm cov pob zeb. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm high-sawv vaj tse thiab vaj tse rau pej xeem siv. Rau cov private tsev feem ntau xaiv ntoo, hlau los yog ib tug ua ke ntawm ob peb ntaub ntawv (hlau iav, nrog ib lub pob zeb ntoo).

Qhob - ib tug ntau yam ntaub ntawv uas

Qhob stairs thiab platforms nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog feem ntau tsim nyob rau ntawm prefabricated ntsiab. Tej Siv txhaj qib khoom (yam tsawg kawg nkaus B15) thiab txawm peem rau nrog ib tug hlau ncej.

Koom nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov pob zeb ua cov khoom factories thiab qhauj uas nws ua ub no yog nruj me ntsis tswj, yog li tus tsim tawm tsis muaj kev txhawj txog kev ua raws cai nrog rau cov kev cai ntawm kev siv thiab ua. Txawm li cas los, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub tswv builders ntawm nomtswv nyob ntawm muaj tseeb los ua ke thiab txhav tas cov lug.

Qhob slabs staircases (qhov ntev yog raug xaiv raws li qhov loj ntawm lub tsev thiab cov dav ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj) yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm cib thiab qhob vaj tse, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas siv tag nrho cov hom kev kawm.

Lawv durability, yooj yim ntawm kev siv thiab cib fim rau dai ho leeb thiab pab txhawb rau cov kev siv cov txheej txheem.

Stairwells reinforced (me me tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam qhov kev kawm) yog pom zoo rau qhov kev npaj ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nraud stairs. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias lub pob zeb ua cov khoom yuav tsum tau kom lawv cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov qhaj ntawv los ntawm kev txhoj puab heev tej yam kev mob. Qhov siab tshaj plaws pub kub yuav tsum hauv qab no -40 degrees.

decorating stairwells

Tiav lawm staircase ua kev ua vaj tse, ntsia hauv lub qhov chaw nyob, yog cased nrog ntoo ntoo thaiv phab ntsa, xim los yog pw rau lawv cov ntaub pua tsev.

Zoo thiab ntev ladders yog hlua nrog tej hub pobzeb, laminate los yog floorboard.

Siv ntawm ntoo los yog hlau raws li ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas rau ladders yuav tsum tau yuav tsum painting ntawm cov khoom tiav. Raws li tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom xaiv lakokrasyaschie tsim nyog txhais tau tias:

• Ordinary xim rau hlau.
• Emulsions thiab adhesives rau cov ntoo.
• Tshwj xeeb xim rau cov duas paub hom ntoo.

Ib tug zoo txoj kev uas yuav beautify thiab txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm ib tug sib ntaus ntawm stairs thiab platforms ua pab backlight. Feem ntau cov feem ntau xaiv rau lub hom phiaj no LEDs (tib teeb los yog kab xev). Lawv yog tsau raws railing nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter ntawm lub chaw, los ntawm lub hauv qab ntawm cov kauj ruam.