Qhov tseem conductive hlau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no

Tus nqi co ncaj qha txiav txim los ntawm lawv cov tshuaj thiab lub zog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm xws li ib tug kev ntsuas, raws li qhov hluav taws xob conductivity, lub kev sib raug zoo tsis yog li ntawd straightforward. Feem ntau cov conductive hlau, yog hais tias tus taw qhia ntsuas ntawm chav tsev kub (+20 ° C), - silver. Tab sis tus nqi txwv rau kev siv ntawm cov nyiaj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob thiab microelectronics. Nyiaj ntsiab nyob rau hauv xws li thov xwb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm economic expediency.

Lub cev lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub conductivity

Kev siv ntawm nws yog xim hlau conductors muaj ib tug ntev-sawv keeb kwm. Zaum thiab engineers ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm science thiab technology, kev siv hluav taws xob hwj chim rau ib ntev lub sij hawm los mus txiav txim cov ntaub ntawv rau ntawm tej, terminals, hu, sau Circuit Court laug cam , thiab hais txog. D. Qhia cov feem ntau conductive hlau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yuav pab rau lub cev kom muaj nuj nqis hu ua lub fais conductivity.

Tswvyim rov qab conduction hluav taws xob kuj. Ntau qhia conductivity txuam nrog cov kuj unit, nyob rau hauv uas lub thoob ntiaj teb system ntawm chav nyob (SI) yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv ohms. Unit ntawm hluav taws xob conductivity nyob rau hauv lub SI - Siemens. Lavxias teb sab los ntawm no unit - Saib, thoob ntiaj teb - S. Electric conductivity ntawm 1 cm feem muaj hluav taws xob network nrog ib tug tsis kam ntawm 1 ohms.

conductivity

Nws ntsuas saib neeg muaj peev xwm ntawm ib yam khoom rau kev siv hluav taws xob tam sim no hu ua conductivity. Qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qhov ntsuas no muaj feem conductive hlau. Qhov no yam ntxwv yuav tsum tau txiav txim rau tej yam khoom uas los nruab nrab instrumentally thiab muaj ib tug numeric qhia. Conductivity cylindrical neeg xyuas pib chav tsev ntev thiab ib chav tsev ntoo khaub lig-sectional cheeb tsam no yog muaj feem xyuam rau lub resistivity ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib.

System tsev conductivity yog Siemens ib 'meter' - S / m. Yuav kom nrhiav tau tawm uas ntawm lub co feem ntau conductive hlau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, txaus los sib piv lawv conductivity, txiav txim experimentally. Ib tug yuav txiav txim seb lub resistivity los ntawm txoj kev ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv - microohmmeter. Cov yam ntxwv yog rov qab.

conductivity ntawm co

Tus heev tswvyim ntawm lub fais tam sim no raws li ib tug qhia ndlwg ntawm them hais zoo li ntau harmonious tshuaj raws li siv lead ua lattices xam qhovkev hlau. Charge muaj thaum ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov hlau yog free electrons thiab ions tsis yog, raws li nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kua xov xwm. Nws yog tsim los experimentally hais tias thaum ib tug tam sim no tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov hlau particulate tshuaj hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm lub conductors.

Nws yog xim hlau tshuaj txawv los ntawm lwm yam ntau free bonds ntawm lub atomic theem. Lub puab hlau ntaus ntawv yog yus muaj los ntawm qhov kuaj pom ntawm loj tus naj npawb ntawm "singles" electrons. uas, thaum raug cov slightest hauv daim ntawv ntawm electromagnetic rog qhia txaus. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsis muaj zem co yog zoo dua conductors ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no, thiab hais tias xws li molecular kev sib tshuam txawv tshaj conductive hlau. Nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus siv lead ua ntxaij ntoo qauv ntawm lwm hlau raws li lawv cov zog - kub siab conductivity.

Sab saum toj qhov zoo tshaj plaws conductors - co

4 hlau muaj tswv yim muaj nuj nqis rau kev siv raws li hluav taws xob conductors yog faib nyob rau hauv cov nram no kev txiav txim ntawm qhov ntau nrog hwm rau conductivity, ntsuas nyob rau hauv cm / m:

1. Nyiaj - 62,5 lab.
2. Tooj - 59,5 lab.
3. Kub - 45,5 lab.
4. Aluminium - 38 lab.

Nws yuav pom tias lub feem ntau conductive hlau - silver. Tab sis zoo li kub, nws yog siv los tsim kom muaj qhov hluav taws xob network xwb nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb no, meej. Yog vim li cas - tus nqi.

Tab sis tooj liab thiab txhuas - yog lub feem ntau cov kev xaiv rau hluav taws xob thiab cable khoom vim lawv tsis muaj kuj mus hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab affordability. Lwm yam co siv raws li conductors tsawg.

Yam influencing conductivity ntawm co

Txawm lub conductive hlau thiaj li nws conductivity thaum muaj tam sim no lwm additives thiab impurities. Nyob rau hauv alloys lwm tshaj "huv" hlau lattice qauv. Nws txawv nyob rau hauv yuam cai ntawm symmetry, tej kab nrib pleb thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag. Lub conductivity yog txo kom tsawg thiab thaum lub ambient kub yuav tsub kom.

Nce kuj xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv alloys yog siv nyob rau hauv cov cua kub hais. Nws yog tsis muaj coincidence rau qhov siv thiab ua hluav taws xob khiav hauj lwm hais, nichrome tso cua sov siv, fechral thiab lwm yam alloys.

Feem ntau cov conductive hlau - qhov no zoo zoo nkauj tshooj nyiaj lawm siv los ntawm Jewelers, co nyiaj npib thiab lwm yam Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem thiab kev ntsuas ntawm nws cov kev tshuaj thiab lub zog yog lug siv ... Piv txwv li, dua li siv cov ntshav thiab aggregates nrog tsawg kuj nyiaj txheej tiv thaiv hu pab pawg neeg los ntawm oxidation. Lub cim thaj chaw ntawm cov nyiaj thiab nws cov alloys feem ntau ua rau kev siv ntawm nws justified, txawm tus nqi.