Railways Tsev khaws puav pheej, St. Petersburg: hauj lwm, keeb kwm, interesting tseeb thiab xyuas

Cov tsev khaws puav pheej yog tsis tsuas tas rau art. Khaws cia cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab keeb kwm ntawm lub lag luam, lub hauv paus pib ntawm loj undertakings, yuav ua rau lub teb chaws ib tug ntawm cov muaj zog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, cia li raws li cov hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej cov chav thiab cia chaw. Keeb kwm ntawm creation, tsim, kev loj hlob ntawm railways nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws pib ob centuries dhau los. Raws li nws yog, ntsia zoo li cov thawj cov txheej txheem, cov txuas hniav, thiab dab tsi yog cov cuab yeej, hais tias Railways Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg.

mob thawj zaug

Central tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Railway Thauj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg rau Sadovaya Street yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob puas muaj nplooj siab xav khaws cia rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm scientific thought. Nws creation muab kev koom tes tej huab tais Alexander kuv, los ntawm muab no manifesto tsim nyog. Nws hais tias tus tsim lub koom haum ntawm lub Corps of Engineers nyob rau Yusupov Palace, qhov uas lawv yuav tsum nyob twj ywm ib qho tseem ceeb rau Russia thiab lwm lub xeev ntawm lub tshuab thiab siv. Tus thawj ua qauv nyob rau hauv 1813. Lub exposition twb nyob rau hauv rau tej chav uas teev sau rau lub hauv paus ntawm teej tug mus rau ib tug kheej. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub cia ntawm cov khoom ntaub ntawv rau qhov kev siv, txoj kev layouts, vaj tse thiab cov txuas hniav.

Nyob rau hauv 1823, lub koom haum thiab tsev cia puav pheej Railways tau kis mus rau lub Moskovsky Prospect. Rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab raug tau saib tau tas nrho cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub tsheb ciav hlau, los cov pej xeem mus ntsib tau qhib txij thaum 1862. Tus sau yog lossi Iwj, lub ntsiab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub koom haum, ministries thiab cov pej xeem.

Tsev khaws puav pheej hu ua tom qab Nicholas kuv

Nyob rau lub 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm cov me nyuam yug ntawm Tsar Nicholas kuv, tau ua ib tug ntau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm railway infrastructure nyob rau hauv Russia, nws twb txiav txim siab mus nrhiav kom tau ib lub koom haum nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg tsev cia puav pheej, muab nws lub npe ntawm tus huab tais. Lub scale ntawm lub npe thiab tus xov tooj ntawm tej teev yuav tsum tau ib qhov chaw loj. Siv cov kev faib pib ntawm ib tug tshiab lub tsev nyob rau pej xeem pawg neeg thaj av nyob rau hauv lub Yusupov vaj yog li ntawd nws façade txojkev Sadovaya Street. Sib nrug los ntawm cov khoom uas muaj feem rau cov railway ua lag ua luam, nyob rau hauv lub tshiab tsev cia puav pheej raug xa khoom ntawm Lavxias teb sab exposition Dej Thauj, koom nyob rau hauv lub Paris ntiaj teb Fair (1901). Lub legacy ntawm no exhibition thiab yuav pom niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej, xws li tus qauv ntawm "Plaisir yacht" Peter kuv, tus Icebreaker "Baikal", choj thiab hais txog.

Tshiab Railways Tsev khaws puav pheej twb qhib nyob rau hauv 1902, thiab los ntawm 1904 ob-zaj dabneeg tis ua tau rau showcase tus nplua nuj exposition. Qhov no muab tso rau ib tug loj heev rarities: Nkoj Peter kuv, thiab lub nkoj huab tais Alexander II, lub banners ntawm lub railway battalion. Qhov thib ob tis tau ua nyob rau hauv 1909 thiab nws twb pauv mus rau tsev cia puav pheej koom haum, uas thaum lub sij hawm ntawm ib puas xyoo.

Lub Soviet lub sij hawm

Cov kiv puag ncig thiab lub Civil War yuav luag rhuav tshem cov tag nrho tsev cia puav pheej nyiaj, tsuas yog lub zog ntawm tus neeg txhawb muaj kev tswj kom khaws luag tag nrho cov. Nws pib ua num nyob rau hauv 1924, lub exhibition muaj tsib chav, uas scans los ntawm lub keeb kwm theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm thauj.

By 1934, nws muaj 11 843 units ntawm cia nyob rau hauv cov account nyiaj ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no lub Railways Tsev khaws puav pheej qhia txog tus xyaum ntawm cov koom haum ceg, mus txawv tebchaws miv.

Cov poj Patriotic ua tsov ua rog tau tshwm sim los loj kev puas tsuaj rau lub tsev ntawm cov tsev khaws puav pheej, tag nrho cov teev tau evacuated mus Novosibirsk. Rov qab cov chav thiab ua hauj lwm rau ib tug tshiab raug tus kab mob pib tom qab lub tshem ntawm lub blockade nyob rau hauv 1944. Cov kev siv zog ntawm cov neeg ua hauj yog cov thawj exhibition yog qhib nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1948, nws tau tsa ib hnub ntawm lub railway rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Central Park.

Raws li txoj cai ntawm lub Central tsev cia puav pheej yog npaj nyob rau hauv 1987, uas qhib cib fim rau cov lus qhia sau ua ke thiab replenishment. Thaum lub tam sim no theem Railways tsev cia puav pheej tsev ntau tshaj 60 txhiab tus cov khoom, uas muaj xws li cov ntaub ntawv, lithographs, kos duab, layouts, qauv, thiab txog tsib caug ntawm cov locomotives.

exposition

Railways Tsev khaws puav pheej (St. Petersburg) caw saib teev txheej txheem nyob rau hauv cuaj halls:

• Hall №1: «Cov me nyuam yug ntawm railways nyob rau hauv Russia." Es tham txog cov thawj tsheb ciav hlau mus rau lub teb chaws thiab lub ntiaj teb no. Ntaub koj yuav saib tau cov qauv ntawm cov thawj rail, mus ntsuam xyuas cov heev ntawm cov thawj huam hauv ob sab phlu. Tam sim ntawd pom cov thawj qauv ntawm ib tug chav tshem ciav hlau.
• Hall №2: «Choj Engineering." Nyob rau hauv sawv ntawm lub cuab koj yuav txaus siab rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm heev tib neeg ntse heev nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm choj kev tsim kho rau tus Railways. Cov tsev khaws puav pheej muaj ib tug saib xyuas ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov dai, ib leeg-khiav, ua kev reinforced, beam thiab ntau lwm lug ntawm cov txuas hniav.
• Hall №3: «Rolling Tshuag". Lub exhibition halls yog cov duab, cov qauv ntawm cov thawj chav locomotives thiab wagons. Pib qhabnias poob lawm, muaj ib qhov txuas mus rau lub Railways. Cov tsev khaws puav pheej yuav cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub sij hawm no, uas muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais.
• Hall №4: «. Tsheb ciav hlau nyob rau hauv lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1941-1945." Qhov chaw ntawm no tibneeg hu tauj coob chav diorama, uas qhia cov reconstruction ntawm lub puas chaw nres tsheb. Tsis tas li ntawd hais qauv ntawm armored tsheb ciav hlau khiav hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog thiab cov poj Patriotic ua tsov ua rog.
• Hall №5: «tsev thiab txoj kev cov tshuab." Cov cuab exhibits keeb kwm thiab kev kawm cov qauv ntawm cov tsheb npaj rau kev siv.
• Zal№6. "Layout mechanized hump." Layout yog nqi mus rau lawv cov keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm. Railways Tsev khaws puav pheej yuav nws nyob rau hauv 1935, lub tsab yog ib tug chaw nres tsheb Krasny Liman (Donetsk railway). Muaj kuj yog ib tug ua hauj lwm qauv ntawm shunting tshem ciav hlau.
• Zal№7 "tshem ciav hlau." Ib tug ntawm cov exciting teev. Cov chav tsev muaj ib tug full-size xyaw. nws yog ua tau rau ib txoj lw txoj kev ntawm lub tshuab los ntawm tus duab rau koj khiav lag luam hauv lub tshuab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tshaaj ib tug loj sau los ntawm keeb kwm duab.
• Zal№8 "kev tsheb ciav hlau tsheb". Ntawm no, cov evolution ntawm lub wagon, los ntawm cov feem ntau cov tswv yim qub rau tshwj xeeb zaus, siv rau cov thauj ntawm cov roj, haus dej cawv, nyob ntses, thiab lwm yam Tsis ntev los no tsim tau ntawm Lavxias teb sab engineers rau high-ceev zog, kuj muaj nyob rau hauv lub cuab.
• Hall №9: «koom haum ntawm u." Railways Tsev khaws puav pheej yog dispatching txheej txheem los ntawm tus thawj heev noj complex computer systems ntawm niaj hnub no. Muaj yog mounted ib tug loj-scale mock-up (43 meters ntev), uas tso cai rau nkag siab txog cov specifics ntawm cov dispatch kev pab cuam muaj xws li plaub noj, hluav taws xob tam sim no.

Tshuag sib pauv

Thaum lub chaw nres tsheb, "Swan Lake" Oktyabrskaya Railway, Railways Tsev khaws puav pheej quas lub exhibition cheeb tsam uas yuav hais rau cov laus thiab cov me nyuam. Nws sau 50 teev sawv cev rau lub tiag tiag locomotives. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog cim thiab yuav mus rau txawv xyoo ntau lawm, muaj locomotives ntawm 1913 locomotives nyob rau hauv 1944 thiab lwm tus neeg. Part locomotives muab cia rau hauv lub tso rau neeg pom qhov chaw ntawm lub Riga chaw nres tsheb (Msc tsheb ciav hlau) thiab nyob rau qhov chaw ntawm lub Warsaw chaw nres tsheb (Oct. Ciav hlau).

Xyuas

Xyuas Tsev khaws puav pheej Railways qhua nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, rau qhov cov siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub pope ua ib tug excursion nrog cov me nyuam. Cov neeg laus hais tias ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov locomotives, locomotives, kev khiav hauj lwm ua qauv. Zoo ratings mus rau lub ntawm cov, muaj nuj nqis hais txog txhua sau nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej. Cov neeg tuaj saib sau tseg hais tias lub cev ntawm kev txawj ntse tau significantly Iwj.

Tsis zoo lus xa mus rau ib tug me me muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm cov khoom uas yuav tau pom los ntawm cov hauv. Niam nrog cov me nyuam ntawm tsev kawm ntawv thiab preschool uas muaj hnub nyoog txaus siab hais tias climb rau loj khoom yog ib qhov nyuaj.

Tab sis tag nrho cov tswv yim ntawm ib tug zoo, yuav luag tag nrho cov qhia tsis dhau, thiab tuaj thiab pom txhua yam koj tus kheej, sai li sai raws li dawb lub sij hawm. Tsev khaws puav pheej Railways, chaw nyob: Vaj Street, Building tooj 50 (metro chaw nres tsheb "Spasskaya", "Vaj", "Nyab cheeb tsam."). . Daim pib raug nqi 300 rubles rau hnub ua hauj lwm, nyob rau cov hnub so - 400 rubles. Rau cov me nyuam, cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov neeg laus cov pej xeem nyiaj cheb.