Ua lag ua luam, Kev lag luam
SAU "Hyacinth". Self-Propelled artillery installation 2S5 "hyacinth": kev specifications thiab cov duab
Muaj coob tus neeg xav nyob rau hauv lub teb pab tub rog muaj riam phom constituted rau nws tus kheej ib tug misconception nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev uas cov cannon artillery nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no tshwm sim ua zoo unclaimed. Thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb: nws yuav zoo li, rau nws yog dab tsi, thaum lub reigns nyob rau hauv lub battlefield cuaj luaj? Siv koj lub sij hawm, tsis yog li ntawd yooj yim.
Lub fact tias cov cannon artillery yog cheaper npaum li los tsim thiab ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, kev kawm rau kev siv ntawm projectiles nrog fiber-laser-ua ( "Kitolov-2"), nws muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm (nyob rau ib qho deb, ntawm chav kawm) rau qhia tias tsis muaj tsawg impressive tshaj lub missiles, cov kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub battlefield. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub tseem siv me me nuclear warheads. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm ib tug loj tsov ua rog, nws yuav tsis tshua muaj pab tau.
Uas yog vim li cas niaj hnub no peb yuav sib tham txog cov ACS "Hyacinth" - ib qho ntawm feem impressive systems ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv.
prehistory
Thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog, self-propelled artillery phom tau tsim lawv tus kheej raws li ib tug haib thiab txaus ntshai ua tsov rog, lub xub ntiag ntawm uas yuav feem ntau txiav txim siab lub sij hawm ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm ib tug los yog lwm tog mus rau lub teeb meem. Lawv cov nqi twb ho qis tshaj hais tias ntawm lub tank, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob, pheej yig thiab tsis zoo heev-armored tsheb yuav zoo ua kom puas hnyav yeeb ncuab armor. Rau peb lub teb chaws, nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm thawj zaug rau theem ntawm tsov rog, thaum tub rog cov khoom yog desperately luv luv, thiab nws lawm yog yuav tsum tau mus piv rau thiab txo tus nqi.
Yuav luag tag nrho cov motorized infantry cov pawg ntawm cov USSR nyob rau hauv lub postwar lub sij hawm tau nruab nrog tso tsheb hlau luam thiab nws tus kheej-propelled phom rau ib tug tov hauv paus. Txhua motorized phom loj tso kom muaj kab muaj kev yog zoo artillery riam phom, uas nruab nrab yog ib tug tag nrho cov roj teeb SU-76. Ho nce kev faib ua feem ntawm lwm yam artillery riam phom, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ua tsov ua rog.
Tag nrho ACS, muab tso rau hauv qhov kev pab nyob rau hauv hais tias lub sij hawm, tau npaj heev dua lwm yam los pab txhawb lub attacking infantry nyob rau hauv nqe ntaus rog. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub post-tsov rog tub rog tej lus qhuab qhia yog nce tshuaj siv ntawm nws tus kheej-propelled units los yog es tsis txhob ntawm tso tsheb hlau luam.
Nyob rau hauv 50-60 xyoo, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ACS lossi ntog. Feem ntau muaj ib lo lus nug ntawm ib tug tag nrho cessation ntawm lawv cov khoom thiab cov kev hloov ntawm no hom ntawm tso tsheb hlau luam, riam phom. Yog li ntawd, ob peb heev tshiab qauv ntawm nws tus kheej-propelled phom tau tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab 60s. Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau raws li nyob rau hauv lub qub tank chassis thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog, equipping tus tshiab armored corps.
Cov poob ntawm qhov kev lag luam
Nyob rau hauv lub lig 50-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, Nikita Khrushchev, ib tug passionate kiv cua ntawm lub missile, tau tso cai yuav luag nres ntawm barreled riam phom nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Vim li no, peb tau lagged qab nws lub peev xwm yeeb ncuab tshaj ib tug teb xyoo. Keeb kwm tau hais ntau ntau zaus rau txim lub USSR rau no yuam kev: nyob rau hauv lub 60s nws los ua tseeb hais tias tus nqi ntawm cannon artillery tseem nyob rau tib theem. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kom meej meej nws paub tseeb hais tias qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, tom qab uas lub Secretary General tau kho nws views on no qhov teeb meem.
Ces tus Kuomintang tau muab tso rau ib tug tag nrho roj teeb ntawm ntev-ntau American howitzers thiab pib ntsiag to rau hluav taws nyob rau hauv mainland Tuam Tshoj. Suav thiab peb cov tub rog advisers yog nyob rau hauv lub heev ua tau txawv txawv txoj hauj lwm. Lawv muaj phom M-46 caliber 130 hli, tab sis lub projectiles tsis cuag cov yeeb ncuab roj teeb txawm muaj ib tug tailwind. Ib tug ntawm cov Soviet advisers npaj ib tug thawj txoj kev: mus cuag lub hom phiaj, nws yog tsim nyog cia li raws li nws yuav tsum sov li lub zoo li!
Ob tog tau tag, tab sis tus txais tos yog kev vam meej. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau pab spur qhov kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv 1968 ntawm ACS "Hyacinth". Nws creation twb muab Permian cov kws txawj.
Cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev ua
Txij li thaum lub chaw ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau kom tiav sai li sai tau, txoj kev loj hlob tau ploj mus nyob rau hauv ob cov lus qhia. Kws txawj tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm nws tus kheej-propelled thiab cab phom (leb "C" thiab "B" ntsig txog). Lub ntsiab artillery kev tswj tam sim ntawd muab mus rau cov cav tov los 2A36 thiab 2A37. Ib qho tseem ceeb feature ntawm lawv yog tsis tsuas cim ballistics, tab sis kuj tshwj xeeb cov mos txwv, uas tau ua rau ACS "Hyacinth". 152 mm - ib tug ncaj ntau loj, me, tab sis ob peb cov neeg paub hais tias nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Army muaj tsis muaj lwm yam mos txwv caliber uas yuav siv tau los ntawm cov self-propelled units.
Txheej txheem cej luam
Nyob rau hauv Perm tsim ncaj qha artillery unit nyob rau hauv Yekaterinburg tsim chassis, thiab lub koom haum lawv zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm xav kom ua tau ib lub feem ntau haum rau xws li ib mos txwv system. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1969 lub Commission ob qho kev xaiv ntawm ib tug tshiab ACS tau npaj: nyob rau hauv lub conning-ntauwd thiab tower versions. Nws tau pom zoo los ntawm lub caij nyoog kawg no. Nyob rau hauv 1970, tsoom fwv pib ib tug tag nrho-scale ua hauj lwm rau lub ACS "Hyacinth". Thaum pib ntawm 1971, "qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov pej xeem," thawj thawj cov cannon caliber 152 hli twb xa, tab sis vim unavailability ntawm firing zoo li txav mus li.
Cov neeg coob ntawm "Hyacinth C 'muaj tsib neeg. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hauv lub tsheb yuav mus nyob rau speeds mus txog 60 km / h, lub hwj chim cia yog hais txog 500 kis lus mev. Lub tsev nyob yog tsim los ntawm tej cuab yeej phaj (txhuas hlau) nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 30 mm ntawm Vuam. Qhov no muaj tej cuab yeej yog tsis txawm li cas los muab tej txaus tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg coob, txawm los ntawm hnyav tshuab phom, tab sis vim hais tias nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los missions yuav tsum yog tshwj xeeb zoo xav los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tshuab rau hauv av.
Lwm disadvantage Haum "Hyacinth C" yog nws es tsis muaj tus nqi - tsis ntau tshaj li tsib rounds ib feeb. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias mov ntawm cov mos txwv yog ua manually, thiab yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los mob siab heev muab xam muaj peev xwm tsuas ua tau nkees, uas ntxiv thiaj li efficiency ntawm lub chaw thau khoom. Thiab tsis tau - muab tus yam ntxwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab winters, nws yuav tsis tsimnyog txias tiv thaiv cov tub rog mus qhib rab phom, tsis tau kev pab pej thuam. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm lub Chechen "khaub thuas" lub sij hawm, muaj neeg mob ntawm frostbite suav "Hyacinth".
developers yuav ua ib tug zam txim rau tsuas yog qhov tseeb hais tias qhov no yog Ameslikas npaj thaum lub sij hawm ntawm ACS "khaub thuas" kev tsov kev rog. Cias muab, nws twb tsim los rau kev sib ntaus los ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Western teb chaws Europe, qhov twg lub caij ntuj no kub yog tsis tshua muaj pom hauv qab no 7-8 degrees Celsius. Suffice nws rov qab hais tias lub BMP-1, tsim los rau cov tib tej yam kev mob, yog tsis zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev muaj pov thawj nyob rau hauv Afghanistan (tab sis yog kev sib txawv yog vim li cas).
Powerplant thiab chassis
Cav-kis tau tus mob compartment nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub vaj tse. Fais fab nroj tsuag sawv cev V-zoo li tus cav V-59, V-puab nrog ib tug muaj peev xwm ntawm 520 hp Lub peculiarity yog tias nws yog configured nyob rau hauv ib daim nrog ob tug kwj kis tau tus mob. Compartment rau phom commander mus rau sab xis ntawm lub cav. Tam sim ntawd ua ntej lub commander lub cupola nyob chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb. Tam sim ntawd sib ntaus sib tua compartment nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ib feem ntawm lub vaj tse. Zoo li cov nyob rau hauv ntsug stacking.
Raws li siv nyob rau hauv no tshuab chassis yog ua tau zoo ib yam li uas tau siv thaum tsim SAU "Acacia". Txij li thaum lub self-propelled tsev belongs rau lub qhib hom riam phom mounted openly. Qhov no feature tso cai rau nws mus ua lub tsheb dog dig luv luv. Txij li thaum lub phom mount "Hyacinth" muaj ib tug kuj loj me me (tus txheeb ze rau cov phooj ywg), nws yog yooj yim los mus thauj los ntawm huab cua.
Keeb xeeb npaj kom equip ib tug tshiab tshuab kuj PKT, tab sis qhov kev xaiv no yog tsis saws. Tom qab ntawd, nws tseem pab rau peb tes num dua. By 1972, twb npaj thaum kawg tej yaam num ob "Hyacinth" hom kev ntsuas cais-cov ntaub ntawv txoj kev them. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm tsim ib tug variant nrog kartuznymi nqi. Txawm li cas los, qhov kev xaiv no tau tsis dhau sketches. Nyob rau hauv ib tug series ntawm nws tus kheej-propelled phom "Hyacinth" mus nyob rau hauv 1976, thiab tam sim ntawd pib kev tsuas xyaus ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub tshiab technology.
Combat "khiav" lub txheej txheem tshiab yog nyob rau hauv Afghanistan, cov tub rog tam sim ntawd muab koj tus kheej no-propelled installation ntawm ib tug ntau ntawm flattering yam ntxwv. Lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam cov haib foob pob, uas yuav tsum tau ntse siv rau txoj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov haib Taliban tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv ib co chaw, self-propelled 152-hli phom "Hyacinth" tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus ntawm "genocide," uas alludes rau nws kev sib ntaus los muaj hwj chim.
nta phom
2A37 phom tsim yog zoo nkauj txheem: ib cov yeeb nkab-piece, lub breech thiab muzzle nres, tsis muaj uas nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau nrog rau tej kev impressive caliber. Los ntawm txoj kev hais lus, nws hais txog lub hom kis. Semi-automatic shutter, skalochnogo hom kab rov tav misalignment. Rab phom yog haum nrog ib tug nres hydraulic damping hom recoil thiab recuperator (pneumatic), ib tug feature uas muaj nyob rau hauv hais tias nws cov thooj voos kheej kheej yog dov ua ke nrog cov thoob. Tus me tshaj rollback - 730 hli, qhov loj tshaj - 950 hli.
Rammer saw-hom hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ob kauj ruam: thawj xa ib tug projectile mus rau hauv lub breech, thiab tsuas yog tom qab tag nrho cov tsim nyog lub tes tsho. Piv cov ua hauj lwm pab pawg sectoral lifting thiab xa mechanisms. Nws puv cov rab phom rau ib tug yooj yim siv lub tshuab, uas ntaus ntawv eliminates zoo tag nrho cov loj rhuav tshem.
lwm cov nta
Nyob rau hauv lub kab rov tav cheeb tsam phom yuav ntxias tsis pub dhau 30 °. Nta taw mas - ntawm -2,5 ° rau 58 °. Cannon xauv khoom ntaub thaiv npog uas tiv thaiv lub tshuab neeg coob los ntawm cov mos txwv, shrapnel thiab cov poob siab yoj ua thaum lub sij hawm tua. Ntaub thaiv npog yog tsim los ntawm tej yam yooj yim xuas nrig ntaus los ntawm ib tug ntawv ntawm armor hlau. Ib zaug ntxiv, hais tias "Hyacinth" - SAU. Duab qhia nws zoo tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg. Qhov no feature ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog vim lub fact tias rau qhov ncaj clashes nrog cov yeeb ncuab tsis yog.
Sights yog sawv cev los ntawm tej yam yooj yim cov neeg kho tshuab pom D726-45 txheej txheem PG-1M panorama rab phom. Rau kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv qhov ntau tsis ntev los no thiab mas pom lub hom phaj tsim riflescope OP4M-91A. phom nyhav 10.800 kg.
Qhia txog ntawm tus chassis thiab cov mos txwv
Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav standardize lub chassis ACS 2S5 "hyacinth" ua tau rau tib lub hauv paus raws li hais tias ntawm lub automatic tswj system 2S3 "Acacia". Raws li yog cov ntaub ntawv nrog "Acacia", tag nrho cov mos txwv yog muab tso rau hauv lub cev, tab sis cov mov ntawm cov mos txwv rau phom manually. Sab nraum, nyob rau hauv lub tsheb ntawm cov tsheb, mounted ib tug loj heev phaj stabilizer. Nws rests nyob rau hauv av nrog rau shooting, qhia nruab qhov tsim nyog stability.
Uas yog vim li cas lub ACS "Hyacinth" nyob rau hauv tus, yuav tsis tua rau cov kev khiav tawm. Txawm li cas los, tus qauv lub sij hawm mus coj cov nroj tsuag los ntawm taug kev mus rau kev sib ntaus los yog tsuas yog plaub feeb, yog li ntawd lub tswv yim zoo ntawm cov tsis siv neeg tswj system yog heev. Qhov no nws tus kheej-propelled phom muaj zoo heev maneuverability, uas sai zog rau lub battlefield. Tsis txhob hnov qab lub built-in khoom rau entrenchment. Siv nws, cov neeg coob yuav faus rau hauv lub tsheb mus rau hauv lub hauv av nyob rau hauv cia li ib tug ob peb feeb.
Koj yuav tsum paub hais tias muas thaum chiv thawj tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm cov mos txwv VOF39 projectile, uas muaj ib tug yuag tag nrho ntawm 80,8 kg. Rau ciav nyhuv therein hnov RP-29 xwb (46 kg), uas yog siv los ntawm yuav luag tsib kilograms muaj zog heev A-IX-2. Blaster - ib tug yooj yim (percussion) B-429. Ib me ntsis tom qab, developers tau tsim ZVOF86 txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv uas raug txheej txheem nrog ib tug projectile RP-59 tej zaum yuav siv tau los ntaus lub hom phaj ntawm mus txog rau 30 kis lus mev.
Nyob rau hauv cov pa mos txwv muaj xws li peb teb txhaj tshuaj cais-cov ntaub ntawv them, thiab nrog lawv muaj cov tshiab hom ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj nrog paub aerodynamic zoo, raws li tau zoo raws li cuaj luaj nrog active laser homing.
"Nuclear paj"
Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, nws yog tsis dhau advertised nyob rau hauv peb xovxwm. Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob tau ntev slipped qhia tias ACS "Hyacinth" yuav siv faiv fab nuclear warheads 0.1-2 kt. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias hnub no yog tsim kiag li tshiab projectiles caliber 152 hli nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws rau lub "Hyacinth". Ib qho ntawm feem nthuav yog cov pawg foob pob 3-0-13, nrog lub hom phiaj los tsim lawv tus kheej Muab fission rau nws. Nws zoo heev pheej zoo li npaj rau zus tau tej cov active cuam uas tiag es los ua nws tsis yooj yim sua rau tus yeeb ncuab electronics.
tactical
Qhov no rab phom yog tsim los rau cov kev tsuj ntawm kev ua ntawm tus yeeb ncuab artillery, rhuav tseg bunkers thiab lwm yam teb chaw tiv thaiv, rhuav tseg ntau yam yeeb ncuab hais kom posts (xws li nram qab), raws li zoo raws li rau tshwj kom txhob lub hnyav armor ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Raws li peb twb hais sights yuav hluav taws ob direct hluav taws (kho qhov muag), thiab ib tug kaw txoj hauj lwm (txhua yam sights). Raws li nrog rau lwm cov artillery thiab me me caj npab domestic ntau lawm, ACS yuav siv tau zoo nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov huab cua thiab climatic tej yam kev mob.
Tsis zoo li zoo xws li cov systems ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv, rab phom mount, "Hyacinth" tsis yog kis nyob rau hauv txhua lub teb chaws ntawm lub Warsaw Pact. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1991, txoj cai tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union, Finland lawm mas 15 units. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv tam sim no cov ntaub ntawv rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug tsim nyog hloov ntawm lub automatic tswj system rau peb cov tub rog muaj, thaum tej zaum tw ntawm kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yeej tsis nres. Yog li, peb tsis paub yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam yuav ciaj sia "Hyacinth". Self-Propelled phom ntawm cov qauv no yeej ib tug ntev heev lub sij hawm yuav tsum yog nyob rau peb cov tub rog.
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