Snorri Sturluson - Icelandic novelist, historian thiab politician

Snorri Sturluson - tus naas ej Icelandic kws sau paj lug, novelist, historian thiab statesman. Nws yog lub npe hu rau nej tau sau cov laus Scandinavian sagas, nws tej hauj lwm tseem nquag kawm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm science raws li ib tug tseem ceeb monument ntawm lub ancient keeb kwm ntawm lub sab qaum teb lub teb chaws.

thaum ntxov xyoo

Snorri Sturluson yug nyob rau hauv 1178 nyob rau hauv Iceland. Nws tau koom rau tsev neeg ntawm influential cov tswv av. Snorri twb tsa nyob rau hauv ib tug noble tsev neeg txheeb ze ntawm lub Norwegian huab tais, nyob qhov twg nws tau txais ib tug zoo kev kawm ntawv. Lub neej yav tom ntej nto moo txawj sau ntawv, kawm kev cai lij choj, paj huam, ntaub ntawv, tab sis tseem ceeb tshaj, tau ntsib nrog rau cov ancient sagas, uas tom qab tsim lub hauv paus ntawm nws nto moo tej hauj lwm. Tus kws tshawb fawb tsis ntev los ua lub npe hu ua ib tug txawj ntse kws sau paj lug thiab tus kws lij choj.

Nws favorably sib yuav nyob rau hauv 1199, thiab los ntawm nws tus poj niam tau txais ib tug zoo nqi taub hau no. Ua tau, nws yog nto moo rau nws muaj peev xwm mus coj tau nws tus kheej muaj zog backers thiab nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm lawv cov txheeb ze sib yuav tau influential patron. Snorri Sturluson yog nto moo nyob rau hauv nws teb koj chaw raws li ib tug txawj ntse pej xeem daim duab, raws li evidenced los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nws tau raug xaiv los lawspeaker - ib txoj hauj lwm uas tau suav hais tias yog feem ntau prestigious thaum lub sij hawm. Tom qab, Txawm li cas los, nws nom tswv hauj lwm dheev hloov.

Nyob rau hauv Norway

Snorri Sturluson nyob rau hauv 1218 nws tau tso nws teb koj chaw thiab tsiv mus rau cov kev pab cuam mus rau lub Norwegian huab tais. Nws yog tseem hluas heev, thiab thaum twg nws Regent Jarl Schooley. Icelandic txawj sau ntawv los ua phooj ywg nrog nws thiab los ua nws supporter, thiab tsis tau lub caij nyoog kawg no nrhiav kom ntxiv dag zog nws lub hwj chim, kev noj kom zoo dua cov tub kav. Cov kws sau paj lug enjoyed patronage ntawm lub Norwegian lub tsev hais plaub, thiab lawv cawv tshwm rau tau siv mus cuag nws lub teb chaws nrog Norway. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov no nom tswv stance puas nws lub koob npe nrov nyob rau hauv nws teb koj chaw, nyob qhov twg ntau mas politicians ntseeg hais tias nws yuav tuav tsis tau siab chaw ua hauj lwm lawspeaker. Snorri Sturluson, biography yog nthuav heev heev ib ce thiab downs ntawm nom tswv, txawm li cas los, zoo dua lub npe hu ua ib tus paub txog thiab collector Antiquities Scandinavian.

skaldic paj huam phau ntawv

Icelandic sau nto moo rau nej tau sau thiab sau ua ke nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, feem ntau ancient qhov chaw ntawm Nordic mythology. Schedule ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias yog thaum lub sij hawm thaum cov hauj lwm tsum luam tawm, qhov no mythological kev lig kev cai no twb receding rau hauv lub dhau los lawm. Tiam sis qhov ntau nqi rau tej hauj lwm ntawm ib tug txawj sau ntawv uas zoo heev tuaj rau lub sib sau ua ke ntawm kev sau ntawv curiosities. Snorri Sturluson, "Ed" ( "Edda"), uas yog tej zaum ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau nto moo ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, yog fond ntawm ancient legends thiab lus dab neeg. Nyob rau qhov no vim nws yog nyob rau hauv 1220-ies tsim nws nto moo ua hauj lwm rau skaldic paj huam, uas teem tawm mus paub tus nyeem ntawv nrog rau cov ancient hom kev kawm ntawm poetic creativity. Tab sis lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog nthuav thiab cim keeb kwm tswvyim, nyob rau hauv uas lub mythology, cov lus dab neeg yog zoo intertwined nrog txhua lwm yam, yog li ntawd lub sib cav tswv yim hais txog cov ntsiab lus thiab tseem ceeb ntawm txoj hauj lwm no yog tseem muaj teeb meem ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb.

qauv

Lub ntsiab qhov chaw rau cov kws sau paj lug kuj yog ib tug dabneeg. Snorri Sturluson raws li nyob rau hauv no hom ntawm lus dab neeg ib hom ntawv nyeem tsim nws ua hauj lwm. Nthuav cov ntsiab lus "Tseem yau Edda", nyob rau hauv uas nws nthuav nws lub zeem muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab nws cov keeb kwm. Opens sau ib prologue, nyob rau hauv uas lub historian hais txog yuav ua li cas lub Scandinavian warriors tshuav Troy thiab tswm nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb teb chaws Europe, qhov twg cov neeg hauv zos pom lawv txoj cai. Qhov thib ob yog ib feem yog hu ua tus "Gylfaginning". Nyob rau hauv nws tus sau qhia zaj dab neeg txog yuav ua li cas konung mus rau kev txawj ntse thiab kev kawm cov txheej txheem kawm txog lub ntiaj teb no thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov hauj lwm. Qhov no song yog tus yooj yim tshaj plaws rau cov hauj lwm ntawm Scandinavian mythological tswv yim hais txog qhov, lub cosmos thiab cov dab neeg hais txog cov legendary thiab semi-legendary heroes.

Qhov thib peb ib feem tseem ua hauj lwm nrog cov qauv rau kev paj huam. Lawv Snorri hais txog zaj uas tej ntsiab cai ntawm Scandinavian paj huam, ntawm hom kev kawm xws li kev hloov npe thiab txawv lexical cim. Thaum kawg, qhov kawg ib feem yog ib tug tag nrho tus naj npawb nqe compositions ntawm tus sau, uas nyob rau hauv lawv cov piv txwv qha ntau yam embodiments Scandinavian stanzas. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm lub txawj sau ntawv kwv huam twb tsis nrov - nyob rau tsis tooj, lawv yog feem ntau criticized rau nws ornate style thiab complexity nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm txoj kev xav thiab tswv yim. Thaum lub sij hawm tam sim txawj critics xav txog nws lyrical yaam puab paub li nthuav monument rau imitation ntawm lub ancient Scandinavian paj huam.

Collection sagas

Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo lolus ntawm Antiquities yog Snorri Sturluson. "Lub voj voog ntawm lub ntiaj teb" - ib tug tshwj xeeb cov khoom, uas muaj ib tug lossis loj npaum li ntawm cov keeb kwm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub Nordic lub teb chaws, tab sis nyob rau xws li ib tug loj lub xeev raws li Ancient Russia, Byzantium, England. Tus sau sau tau nws ua hauj lwm rau lub hauv paus ntawm ob sau thiab qhov ncauj qhov chaw. Tab sis lub hauv paus rau nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw mus rau skaldic paj huam, raws li nws tus kheej hais tias nyob rau hauv nws prologue. Nws hais ntau yam nto moo paj huam, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ib tug ob peb kev ywjpheej nrog lawv cov ntaub ntawv uas, feem ntau reprises ntau storylines.

qhov chaw

Kws ntawv koom siv ntawv ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw rau ntau yam sagas ntawm lub Norwegian vajntxwv. Nws kuj kos tales, ancient heroic legends. Yog li, ib tug ob peb yuav tsum tau qhia nyob rau hauv nws cov tshiab ua hauj lwm ntawm kev cai khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Tus heev muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tus thawj tsis tau fwm. Hu rau peb tsuas sau ib tug neeg editors, translations, ua rau nws yooj yim dua cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov thawj, thawj, thawj phau ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm hais los ntawm Snorri Sturluson txog lub Slavs. Yog li, nws sau txog lub teb chaws, uas yog nyob sab qaum teb ntawm lub hiav txwv dub. Nws hu tus dej Don (qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv, nws muab nws ib lub npe). Nyob rau hauv nws saib, cov cheeb tsam, uas ces tsis muaj tsev nyob Ancient Russia, nyob rau hauv lub ntug ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab nyob muaj tsis paub hais tias cov neeg.

lwm yam tej hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv 1220-1240-ies kawm sau "Lub dabneeg Egils." Lub sij hawm no nws tig mus rau lub keeb kwm ntawm lawv lub teb chaws thiab nyob rau hauv lub mythological daim ntawv hais txog keeb kwm ntawm lub Icelandic zog, pib nrog 9 thiab xaus nrog lub xyoo pua 11th. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub narrative - zaj dab neeg skald Egil, uas yog hais raws li ib tug heev muaj teeb meem daim duab. Nws tsev neeg yog tsis raug rau cov vaj ntxwv, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm thiab tsis ua tab tawm tsam lawv. Snorri qhia txog nws tej kev mus nyob rau hauv lub Nordic lub teb chaws, resulting nyob rau hauv nws cov kwv huam. Nyob rau hauv nws cov tshiab ua hauj lwm, nws qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm ob peb tiam, uas nws mus rau deploy ib tug dav panorama ntawm lub Icelandic neeg nyob rau hauv qhov ntxov tshaj plaws lub sij hawm. Mythological daim ntawv ob peb obfuscates lub sij keeb kwm tseeb, tab sis yog tam sim no pom raws li qhov ntawm cov dabneeg ntawm lub ancient keeb kwm ntawm Iceland.

Lwm tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm ntawm lub historian - "Cais dabneeg ntawm Olaf tus Vaj." Qhov no Norwegian-huab tais nyob thiab kav nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 11th thiab tau los ua tus thawj hristianizatorom lawv lub teb chaws. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1030, tab sis nram qab no xyoo twb canonized. Snorri nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm qhia zaj dab neeg txog nws exploits sab nraum ntawm lub teb chaws, nws tawm tsam nrog cov Swedish King, nws davhlau mus rau Russia thiab ces rov qab mus tsev tsam lub cav muab lub hwj chim, thiab nws Canonization.

tsis ntev los no xyoo

Cov nom tswv ua hauj lwm ntawm tus kws tau tsim sai heev thiab sai sai, tab sis twb heev tragically. Peb twb hais tias nws txhawb Jarl Schooley, uas yog Regent rau me Norwegian vajntxwv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws txaus siab rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev koom ntawm Iceland thiab Norway. Nrog rau qhov no txoj hauj lwm nws lawm muaj ntau yam yeeb ncuab. Tuaj mus rau hauv nws tus kheej, tus huab tais, ntawm chav kawm, yuav tsis sau yuas nom tswv txoj hauj lwm historian. Tw hauv tsev kuj nquag advocated rau deprive nws ntawm nws lub hwj chim. Qhov no tangle ntawm contradictions coj mus rau ib tug tragic kawg: cov txawj sau ntawv tau brutally tua nyob rau hauv 1241, thiab qhov no txaus ntshai zaj dab neeg yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov sagas, yog li ntawd lub tu siab txoj hmoo ntawm tus naas ej tus paub txog paub tej zaum txhua txhua skandinavets. Snorri Sturluson, uas nws phau ntawv yog ib tug tseem ceeb qhov chaw ntawm ancient keeb kwm, ua ib tug tseem ceeb pab rau cov ntawv qhia thiab historiography.