Soviet circus: cov nplooj ntawv ntawm keeb kwm

Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg uas tau yug los nyob rau hauv lub USSR, muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg tias cov Soviet circus - qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws illusionists "Khawv koob," clowns - funny, thiab tsiaj trainers thiab acrobats - lub siab tawv thiab lub bold. Trekking mus rau lub circus yog ib tug zoo nyiaj so koobtsheej rau cov laus thiab cov me nyuam tib yam nkaus. Tab sis lub Soviet circus tsis tuaj tawm ntawm tsis pom qhov twg. Hais txog yuav ua li cas los tsim lub Soviet circus, peb them nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab circus kos duab

Txawm tias thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Kievan Rus nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws nws tso thawj "noob" ntawm circus kawm Askiv, raws li evidenced los ntawm frescoes nyob rau hauv Kiev St. Sophia Cathedral, yos rov qab mus rau 1070-1075 xyoo. Lawv piav txog cov kev sib tw nees thiab fights, tightrope walkers nrog tug. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub xws adepts li itinerant acrobats thiab ntawm cov ntawm bears, clowns thiab jugglers ua nyob hauv lub nroog squares, fairs thiab lub teb chaws hnub caiv, ceeb thiab kev lom zem tus neeg. Lub flourishing ua lag ua luam nyob rau hauv Russia twb buffoons XV-XVI caug xyoo.

Ua tsaug rau lub dag zog ntawm Peter Kuv nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub capital thiab loj lub zos pib txoj kev ua lub neej thiab pib tshwm European ncig teb chaws circus, uas pab rau lub ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm circus arts.

Lub heyday ntawm Lavxias teb sab circus yog suav tias yog XIX caug xyoo. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no kis tau ntau Balagan ncaj ncees duab kos tau tshwm muaj kev koom tes ntawm ncaws pob thiab gymnasts, jugglers thiab acrobats, dancers thiab magicians, raws li zoo raws li kev ntxias ntawm lwm yam. Nrog ua yeeb yam nyob Fairground booths artistic hauj lwm pib thiab Nikitin Durov cov kwv tij, raws li zoo raws li ntau lwm tus neeg. Ib qho tseem ceeb milestone nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab circus yog lub foundations ntawm cov thawj pob zeb vaj tse: nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg rau lub embankment, nyob rau hauv 1877-m, nyob rau hauv Moscow, nyob rau hauv kob Boulevard nyob rau hauv 1880.

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm lub Soviet circus

Tom qab tus txheej xwm ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj 1917 muaj teeb meem loj cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub neej thiab keeb kwm ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab circus kos duab. Lub Bolsheviks, kev lis kev cai kiv puag ncig muab lub xeev cov nyiaj them yug circus thiab ua nws ib tug haib ideological cuab tam los ntawm cov uas muaj feem rau cov masses. Ib qho tseem ceeb cawv rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub Soviet circus muaj ib tug decree "Nyob rau hauv kev koom ua ke ntawm theatrical ua lag ua luam", kos npe rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1919, Ulyanov-Lenin. Raws li daim ntawv no, tag nrho cov circus thiab theatrical vaj tse yuav raug nationalization. Txawm li cas los, kev kawm yog es qeeb, thiab los ntawm 1922 lub domestic circus tsuas muaj ob lub xeev ntawm Moscow. Ces, sai heev, nyob rau hauv cia li peb lub xyoos, ib tug ntxiv 15 circuses nyob rau hauv ntau lub zos ntawm cov Soviet tsoom fwv pib. Tus thawj twb qhib nyob rau hauv Nizhny Novgorod Fair Soviet circus tsev pheebsuab. Ces lawv tau nationalized, restructured thiab pib muab qhia tau hais tias thiab ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Leningrad, Tver, Rostov-on-Don, Orel, Kiev, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Kazan, Tula. Feem ntau ntawm cov chav tau xa los ntawm txawv teb chaws raws li lawv tus kheej artistic txhaj tshuaj tsis tau, thiab lawv theem ntawm kev cob qhia yog neeg pluag. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv 1926, circus art kawm tau ib lub koom haum, uas tom qab ua Technical School, nyob qhov twg nws tau qhia rau cov thawj ntxias ntawm lub Soviet circus.

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Nyob rau hauv lub lig 1920 - thaum ntxov 1930s nyob rau lub zos circus arenas ntau yam tshiab chav, npaj noj rau hauv tus account lub hloov ideology thiab lub ntiaj teb no saib tus neeg saib. Tom qab qhov kev tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1936 ntawm cov zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv lub ua tau zoo kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub Soviet circus tau tuaj ib tiam tshwm sim thiab tshaib plab heev rau yeeb koob ntawm cov tub ntxhais ua yeeb yam. Nws yog nyob rau lub sij hawm no tuaj thawj ncov ntawm cov muaj koob meej ntawm tus poj clown Karandash (MN Rumyantsev), muaj zoo xov tooj ntawm trapeze ntxias Valentino thiab Mihaila Volginyh, Noob strikers Vaj kub siab heev nrog nws kev txawj walkers cov kwv tij Svirina thiab Pavel Tarasov. Peb yuav xyuam xim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub thirties thiab forties ntawm lub XX xyoo pua lub Soviet circus tau tsim nws tus kheej cim thiab yooj yim coj style.

Cov tsov kev rog thiab post-tsov rog xyoo

Circus arena theem nyob rau hauv kev ntxias ntawm tej hom ntawv nyeem xws qualities li muaj lub zog thiab ua siab ntev thev, ua siab loj thiab persistence ua tau raws li cov hom phiaj. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tsom nyob rau hauv nyuaj wartime tej yam kev mob. Marshal Chernyakhovsky tsis casually piav txog tus circus ntxias li cov neeg steel cim.

Soviet circus thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, raug kev txom nyem zoo puas tsuaj. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub bombing, muaj ntau lub tsev raug puas lawm, tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau nyuaj xyoo ntawm tsov rog, cov Soviet tsoom fwv coj ntsuas los txhawb lub circus arts.
Ua pilots, paratroopers, sappers, Gunners tswv ntawm lub arena. On thib ob hnub ntawm tsov rog band ntawm riders, coj los ntawm M. Tuganova, ua ke nrog nees nws tuaj koom lub cavalry Corps Dovatora. Qhov seem ntxias txuas ntxiv nrug nrog artistic teams, muab ib tug kev hais kwv txhiaj nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej kab thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob tej pawg ntseeg, thaum railway noj thiab cov tub rog. Nrov tau zoo li cov tub rog thiab neeg ua hauj lwm satirical xov tooj uas pom qhov Soviet circus clown Mihail Nikolaevich Rumyantsev (mem hluav), Boris Vyatkin, Konstantin Berman.

Muaj ntau ntawm qhov nyuab tau tuag nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, thiab cov neeg uas ciaj nyob rau hauv lub post-tsov rog xyoo, ua ke nrog tus tub ua hauj lwm pib los thiab tsim lub circus arts, tom qab paub tias nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.