Struts nta thiab pab tau cov kev pab nyob rau hauv Sweden

Tus txheem ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm - lub geological qauv thiab mineral kev pab ntawm Sweden. Yog vim li cas lub teb chaws no? Nws tsis yog tsuas yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm Western teb chaws Europe, cov hwv State, tab sis kuj cov neeg nplua nuj xwm thiab ib tug ntau yam ntawm yus nta uas yog tsis paub hais tias feem ntau Russians. Geography thiab Sweden yuav pab tau cov kev pab uas yog yuav ntawm kev txaus siab tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov kws tshwj xeeb, geographers, tab sis kuj muaj ntau mas cov txawj nyeem ntawv.

Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm lub teb chaws

Qhov chaw Sweden - Northern teb chaws Europe (Scandinavian ceg av qab teb). Cov neeg nyob ze - Norway los ntawm cov sab hnub poob, Finland - los ntawm lub northeast, Denmark - los ntawm lub southwest. Minerals Sweden thiab Finland, raws li zoo raws li nta ntawm kev nyab xeeb, yog zoo xws li cov nyob rau hauv cov qauv vim lub zoo sib thooj. Baltic Hiav txwv thiab lub Gulf ntawm Bothnia yog ntxuav los ntawm cov dej ntawm nws lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm lub teb chaws yog 450.000 square kilometers.

Raws li twb tau hais, Sweden - qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub Scandinavian lub teb chaws. Cov tag nrho cov European lub teb chaws nws loj yog zaum ob tsuas yog mus rau lub expanses ntawm peb lub teb chaws, raws li tau zoo raws li Ukraine, Fabkis thiab Spain. Qhov ntev ntawm nws lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-sab qaum teb kev taw qhia - txog 1600 kilometers, thiab "kab rov tav" (nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob-sab hnub tuaj) - hais txog 500 km.

Ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm cov cheeb tsam no yog nyob los ntawm cov forests, tsis tau 14-15% yog tundra thiab bogs, thiab txog 9% ntawm lub teb chaws yog nyob los ntawm cov dej dej. Tus xov tooj ntawm cov dej ntws, ntws thiab pas dej nyob rau hauv Sweden nce mus txog 90 000. Cov npe ntawm cov biggest ntawm lub pas dej - Vättern, Vänern, Mälaren, Elmeren.

Ib tug yam ntxwv piav qhia ntawm lub Swedish dej - tsis dhau lawm ntev, tab sis heev deepest, nrog waterfalls thiab rapids. Channel lawv pw tshuam nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia los ntawm cov qaum teb hnub poob rau sab qab teb. Feem ntau ntawm cov dej ntws ntws mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv Baltic (nws Gulf ntawm Bothnia).

Lub xeev muaj ib tug ncaj ntev coastline (2,700 kilometers ntev), dai kom zoo nkauj nrog picturesque Islands tuaj thiab harbours ntawm tej yam ntuj tso keeb kwm. Lub npe ntawm feem ntau loj Swedish islands - Oland thiab Gotland.

Koom Haum Niam thiab pab tau cov kev pab nyob rau hauv Sweden

Gore hu ua Kebnekaise yog lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Kos nws saum toj no hiav txwv theem -. Ntau tshaj 2100 m ntawm nyem tag nrog nws yooj yim nta raws li nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub Scandinavian ceg av qab teb thiab ib feem ntawm lub Baltic ntaub thaiv npog. Tais roob qauv nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ib tug txiav txim tus naj npawb ntawm glaciers tsiv ntsug cim kawm tuab si lug.

Island ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm xyoo dhau los yog qhov chaw ntawm lub European continental glaciation. Lub cheeb tsam twb them nrog nws cov haib glaciers, surpassing lub cim ntawm 1500 m. Zaum tau tsim los pab cov hav zoov ntawm qhov kawg ntawm xws npog kwv yees li nyob ze niaj hnub Stockholm. Nws tshwm sim hais txog 100 centuries dhau los. Lwm yam loj heev glaciers nyob nyob rau qaum teb ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Gulf ntawm Bothnia, hais txog xya los yim txhiab xyoo dhau los.

Ib me ntsis ntawm geography

Nws nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws tus mineral kev pab nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov Swedish nyem. Nws lub teb chaws yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv sab qaum teb thiab yav qab teb tej yam ntuj tso chaw. Northern Sweden nyob tsuas yog nyob rau ib lub toj, yog muab faib mus rau hauv sab qaum, nruab nrab thiab sab ntsug siv. Nrog kev xav txog cov zaub mov thiab lwm yam kev pab, hauv toj siab Norland tuav lub thawj ntawm cov aav yog tsim mas Moraine deposits thiab peat bogs. Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub thaj shores ntawm lub Gulf ntawm Bothnia muaj assemblage ntawm marine sediments.

Toj siab Norland yog qhov chaw ntawm loj ore deposits. Nyob rau hauv tib kom pom tseeb thiab lub ntsiab reserves ntawm ntoo. Part sab qaum teb hav nplua nuj fertile xau uas yog mas siv rau pasture.

Nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws (nyob rau hauv toj siab ntawm Småland, nras ntawm Central Sweden thiab Skåne ceg av qab teb) yog mas concentrated kev lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws thiab nws cov liaj ua teb. Ibid - lub siab tshaj plaws pejxeem ceev. Småland nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog nws kuj me kev nyab xeeb yog cov feem ntau dej siab qhov chaw rau tib neeg lub neej.

Nyob rau xau unsuitable rau ua liaj ua teb loj hlob mas coniferous hav zoov. Kuj muaj ib feem loj ntawm ib ncig yog them los ntawm peat bogs. Skåne - Sweden South - nras tau yuav luag tag plowed rau cov kev xav tau ntawm ua liaj ua teb. Muaj zoo fertile av, uas yog ib qho yooj yim los mus daws thiab tau txais ib theem siab tawm los. Nras interspersed nrog tus mob rocky ridges ntawm me me qhov siab, ncab ib ce ntau los ntawm lub qaum teb hnub poob. Thaum ib tug lub sij hawm picturesque dawb lawm thickets tau coated nrog ib tug predominance ntawm deciduous ntoo (tshauv, ntoo qhib, Maple, beech). Tom qab, zoo nkauj hav zoov tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm tib neeg txhais tes.

Sweden pab pab - luv luv txog lub ntsiab hom

Ib tug txawv feature ntawm Swedish subsoil - qhov wealth ntawm hlau thiab txheeb ze cov neeg txom nyem ntawm mineral fuels. Struts nta thiab pab tau cov zaub mov Sweden txuas dabneeg. Tsaug rau nws kim heev outcrops ntawm magmatic thiab metamorphic keeb kwm yog muaj nyob rau theem reserves ntawm nws yog xim hlau ores. Ib tug heev me me ntawm tib sedimentary pob zeb xwm tshwm sim los yuav luag tiav qhaj ntawv los ntawm roj, nkev thiab thee.

Swedish hlau ore deposits yuav nqa mus rau ib tug ntawm cov richest nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov no kuj siv rau lub concentration ntawm ore reserves, thiab cov hlau cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub ore. Tus thawj tivthaiv yog hais txog 3 billion metric tons, thiab hauv nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub ore tshaj 60%.

Nyob rau muaj peb ib tug yees duab - Sweden pab minerals (lub ntsiab prey hom).

Qhov twg yuav nrhiav tau

Nyob rau hauv dab tsi thaj chaw muab zais ntsiab pab minerals Sweden? Ntau tshaj 4/5 ntawm lub teb chaws lub hlau ore reserves yog feeb meej nyob rau hauv nws cov feem ntau tseem ceeb hlau ore koog tsev kawm ntawv. Nws yog situated nyob rau hauv Lapland, tshaj ntawd tus Arctic vajvoog. Qhov loj tshaj plaws deposit yog hu ua Kirunavaara thiab, raws li kws txawj, muaj tsis tsawg tshaj li 1.6 billion tons.

Lapp nplua nuj ore muaj siab ntau ntawm cov hlau - yam tsawg kawg 2/3. Tab sis sib nrug los ntawm hais tias, muaj ntau ntau thiab phosphorus. Uas yog vim li cas qhov no ore yog ib qhov nyuaj rau yaj. Siv cov yuav pab tau cov kev pab nyob rau hauv Sweden rau ib tug coj mus muag teev pib nrog cov kev taw qhia ntawm Thomas smelting txheej txheem uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm lub XIX thiab XX centuries.

Lwm ib qho chaw ntawm hlau, hu ua Bergslagen thiab paub txij thaum lub Nrab Hnub nyoog, yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws. Los ntawm kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm ore, nws concedes rau sab qaum teb, tab sis raw cov ntaub ntawv yog muab rho tawm muaj ib tug me me feem pua ntawm cov teeb meem leej faj thiab phosphorus, yog li ntawd tau ntev tau siv rau cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog metallurgy.

Wb tham txog uas tsis yog-ferrous co

Ib yam li ntawd, sib thooj, geological qauv thiab mineral kev pab ntawm Sweden, hais txog rau cov uas tsis-ferrous hlau. Muab cov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lawv deposits - on Norlandskom toj siab. Nyob rau hauv Buliden cheeb tsam - Kristineberg muaj ib tug loj heev complex ntawm deposits thiab sulphide ore. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv - lub loj ntawm tooj liab, hmoov txhuas, zinc, nyiaj, kub, arsenic, pyrite. Ntawm lwm yam, nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam Laysvall muaj ua hauv lub teb, thiab nyob rau hauv Aitik - tooj liab. Lub richest nyob rau hauv ib tug European scale tooj liab deposits nyob rau hauv Central Sweden nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog ib tug ntev lub lag luam ho tso thiab tam sim no tsis muaj coj mus muag tus nqi.

Yuav ua li cas lwm yam tseem ceeb cov kev pab nyob rau hauv Sweden coj qhov chaw nyob rau nws lub teb chaws? Muaj koj yuav nrhiav tau thiab bituminous shale deposits uas nqa ib tug nyob deb me me reserves ntawm uranium. Nws yog kwv yees li lub xov tooj ntawm 317 000 tonnes. Qhov no xam yog hais txog 20% ntawm tag nrho cov reserves ntawm lub capitalist lub teb chaws.

Tab sis rau nws txoj kev loj hlob ntawm uranium-kev coj tus kheej shales yuav tsum tau tseem ceeb pab txhawb ntxiv. Qhov no txoj kev yog tsis heev nqi-zoo nyob rau hauv view ntawm lub prevailing hnub no nyob rau hauv tus nqi theem rau nyoos uranium.

Lub richest deposits ntawm Norrbotten thiab Bergslagen zoo hlau ore xeev paub tsis tau tsuas yog thoob plaws lub teb chaws tab sis kuj rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv Norrbotten - ib tug ntau ntawm cov tooj liab-pyrite deposits. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tawm muaj - txog 100. Lub xeev hu ua Västerbotten thiab Bergslagen txog central Sweden, yog tseem nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ore thiab tooj liab pyrites.

Roj av nyob rau hauv Sweden

Tag nrho cov ntawm cov zaub mov Sweden lub teb chaws suab sab sab. Ib tug ob peb zoo-paub cov roj teb nyob rau hauv lub Central European roj thiab cov nkev phiab. Nyob rau hauv Sweden tau txais ib feem muaj tsuas nws, yuav tsum vov lub qhov ntev ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 30 000 square kilometers. Nws occupies cov kob ntawm Gotland nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob. Lub npe ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub teb - Hamra. Roj reserves muaj, raws li kws txawj, yog hais txog 20 000 tonnes.

Muaj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, thiab thee, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws reserves nyob rau hauv lub siab dawb paug, txawm li cas los. Ntawm no, cov nyem thiab pab tau cov zaub mov Sweden sib thooj, ncaj qha. Leeg Thickness nws -. Tsis ntau tshaj 0.8 m Thee deposits (Öresund, Höganäs) yuav muaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Skåne, nyob ntawm tus ntug dej hiav txwv sab hnub poob ntawm Sweden.

Seb yuav muaj nyob rau hauv Sweden zoo zoo nkauj tshooj? Me me ntawm cov nyiaj thiab kub concomitantly ua thaum lub sij hawm ua ntawm sulfide ore deposits. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv Enasene muaj yog tej zaum tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov kub-teb.

Hais txog qhov kev Swedish kev nyab xeeb

Zoo li tag nrho cov Scandinavian lub teb chaws, feem ntau ntawm cov Swedish chaw uas zoo heev dag nyob rau hauv ib tug txheej ntawm snow. Qhov no yog vim lub chaw feature Scandinavian roob. Lawv ua tau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug teeb meem rau cov dawb ndlwg ntawm noo cua loj los ntawm lub Atlantic. Qhov ntau haiv ntawm cov Swedish kev nyab xeeb tau ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntev ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub meridional kev taw qhia.

Sab hnub tuaj thiab yav qab teb qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws vim lub sov dej ntawm tus Gulf kwj muaj ib tug maritime temperate kev nyab xeeb nrog ib tug me ntsis ua haujlwm rau continental. Nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj kub yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv txoj kev khwv los ntawm - 15 mus rau ⁰S - 3 ⁰S. Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj - 10-17 ⁰S.

Txhua xyoo dej nag ntawm txog 300-800 hli ntawm dej nag. Txij li thaum lub volatility ntawm lawv me me, muaj ntau heev ya raws. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau lub xeem tau nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws lub chaw uas zoo heev yog lom zem ntau swamped.

Nyob rau hauv lub mountainous sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob sab nraum ntawm lub Arctic vajvoog, kev nyab xeeb yog subarctic cim. Ib tug tseem ceeb feem ntawm lub sab qaum teb ib ncig them ice los xij, thiab kom ntau ntawm roob-hav glaciers.

Hais txog Swedish dej thiab pas dej

Mineral deposits nyob rau hauv Sweden - tsis tsuas yog ntawm nws cov natural resources. Tag nrho cov saum toj no nta ntawm kev nyab xeeb, topography thiab geological qauv nyob rau hauv Sweden yog paaj rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm uas twb muaj lawm cov pas dej thiab cov niam dej yuav tsum vov ib daim ntawv qhia txog lub teb chaws nrog ib tug tuab network. Swedish dej ntws tsawg, feem ntau yog los ntawm nqaim nram hav thiab adorned nrog ib tug nplua mais ntawm waterfalls thiab rapids. Heev feem ntau, lawv siv zog qhov chaw.

Yog hais tias peb xav txog tus dej hydropower li ib lub teb chaws tej kev pab, yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev pab no yog cov uas pib nyob rau hauv lub Scandinavian roob (nyob rau hauv lawv sab hnub tuaj slopes), ntws los ntawm Norlandskomu toj siab thiab ntws mus rau hauv lub Gulf ntawm Bothnia. Lawv cov npe - Ongermanelven, dalälven, Lule, Umeelv, Indalsälven. Hav dej alternate nrog countless cov pas dej thiab ntau ntawm lub pas dej zoo li extensions uas ua raws li tej yam ntuj tso reservoirs. Lawv muaj peev xwm muab cov dej ntws cai nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lub xyoo.

Pas dej - ib inseparable ib feem ntawm lub toj roob hauv pes raug ntawm lub teb chaws xws li Sweden thiab Finland. Nyob rau hauv lawv nyob hauv khiab tsawg kawg yog 8% ntawm lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub pas dej Vänern, Sweden nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe - cov coob. Nyob rau ntws tawm ntawm nws tus dej Göta Älv muaj siab dej tsaws tsag, uas yog siv, kev tsa rau nws ib tug haib pas nroj tsuag thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm shipping locks.

Cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub teb chaws lub ntiaj teb no

Nyob rau hauv xaus - ib tug ob peb lo lus hais txog cov nroj tsuag muab kev pab nyob rau hauv Sweden. Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm nws ib ncig, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov huab sab qab teb, mus rau lub podzolic tsam. Lawv tsis sawv cev rau ib tug muaj nuj nqis rau ua liaj ua teb. Ntau haum nyob rau hauv no hwm yog lub sod-podzolic av hom, los ua ntau nyob rau hauv lub lowlands nrog cov pas dej Middle Sweden.

Hav zoov xim av xau, uas yog suav hais tias yog feem ntau fertile ntawm tag nrho cov, uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Scandinavian ceg av qab teb, nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws. Mas ntawm nplua nuj ceg av qab teb Skåne.

Nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv Sweden yog sawv cev tsuas yog los ntawm forests, nkaum ntau tshaj 50% ntawm cov chaw uas zoo heev. Lawv cheeb tsam -. Ntau tshaj 23 lab hectares, yog li ntawd los ntawm qhov ntsuas no lub xeev tuav cov thawj qhov chaw ntawm cov European lub teb chaws. Lub ib thooj ntawm cov forests comprise coniferous. Ntawm lub sab qaum teb, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm ncov qaumteb qabteb Lapland, loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm lub hav zoov maj ua heights hloov birch nkhaus. Ntau extends saum toj no roob tundra thickets Lichen, ntxhuab, Juniper thiab ntsias birches.

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lub hlis, qhov hnyav toj roob hauv pes ntawm lub roob nrog bold blooming nyom nyob rau hauv lub ntsuab nyom. Tundra nroj tsuag npog tsawg kawg yog 1/8 ntawm qhov chaw. Ntawm broad-leaved ntoo yuav tham txog klone, ntoo qhib, linden thiab cov hmoov tshauv. Nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li thiab beech hav zoov.

Puas muaj ntau nyob rau hauv Sweden ntoo

Tsis tsuas yog ib tug ntawm Sweden minerals thawb nws cov lub flagships ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Raws li ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws natural resources - cav ntoo cov kev pab - Sweden belongs rau lub European cov thawj coj txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo nws ua 2.3 billion cubic meters, thiab yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm nws belongs rau lub conifers. Nrog xws li ib tug loj heev kev pab hauv paus ntawm lub teb chaws yog zoo tsim txua ntoo thiab sis plawv hniav thiab cov ntawv industries.

Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo muaj ib tug tiag tiag ua loj leeb ntov ntawm precious forests, nws pace nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no xyoo lawm muaj yig slowed down. State siv ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyiaj rau cov restoration thiab tshem ntawm tej yam ntuj tso chaw thiab txhim kho nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub productivity ntawm lub cheeb tsam them los ntawm cov hav zoov muaj ntau zog markedly.