Symbolist paj huam thiab lawv ua hauj lwm

Symbolism - ib tug txawj zog uas originated nyob rau hauv lub lig puv 19 xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Fabkis thiab faib nyob rau hauv ntau European lub teb chaws. Txawm li cas los, nws yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab symbolism tau ua qhov tseem tseem ceeb thiab loj-scale phenomenon. Lavxias teb sab Symbolist paj huam ua tswvcuab nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog ib yam dab tsi tshiab, ib yam dab tsi uas yog tsis nyob rau hauv lawv cov Fabkis predecessors. Ib txhij nrog lub tsos ntawm symbolism pib lub nyiaj hnub nyoog ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Tab sis kuv yuav tsum hais tias nyob rau hauv Russia muaj tsis muaj ib lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm modernist sib, muaj tsis muaj kev sib sau ntawm cov tswv yim, ib tug style. Creativity Symbolist paj huam ib tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ntau: tsis sib ntseeg zoo tib yam lus, muaj lub siab xav qhia los ntawm tej cim thiab allegories.

ntws symbolism

Nws yog ib tug txawj zog ntawm tus ideological txoj hauj lwm thiab lub sij hawm ntawm tsim yog txwv kom muab zais rau hauv ob ua sawv. Nyob rau hauv lub 1890s Symbolist paj huam, daim ntawv teev cov uas muaj xws li xws nuj nqis raws li Balmont, Gippius, Bryusov, Sologub, Merezhkovsky, xa mus rau raws li "senior". Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1900s, cov kev taw qhia uas muaj cov tshiab rog, ho hloov nws cov tsos. Debut "junior" Symbolist paj huam xws li Ivanov, BLOK, Bely. Qhov thib ob yoj ntawm flow yog hu ua mladosimvolizmom.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub "laus" lub tsev kawm ntawv coj nws ib tug txawj zog nyob rau hauv aesthetic lus. Balmont thiab Bruce qhia tus xav hais tias cov kws sau paj lug - yog feem ntau ib tug creator ntawm ib tug txhob txwm artistic thiab purely tus kheej qhov tseem ceeb. "Tseem yau" paj huam tau pom dua nyob rau hauv kev cai dab qhuas thiab philosophical nam. Philosophy, refracted nyob rau hauv lub poetic nco qab - uas yog, nyob rau hauv lawv lub tswv yim, lub symbolism. Poety Symbolist ob tiam tseem tuaj Sergeem Solovevym, Innokentiem Annenskim thiab lwm tus neeg.

"Senior" Symbolists

Nyob rau hauv Russia nws yog ib tug txawj zog tshaj tawm nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub lig 1890s. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, thaum lub hauv paus pib ntawm symbolism yog Valeriy Bryusov, thiab nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg - Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Txawm li cas los, lub feem ntau cov tawm thiab radical tus neeg sawv cev ntawm thaum ntxov lub tsev kawm ntawv cim uas nyob hauv lub nroog nyob rau hauv Neva yog Alexander Dobrolyubov. Aloof thiab sib nrug los ntawm tag nrho cov modernist pawg tsim nws poetic ntiaj teb no yog lwm Lavxias teb sab symbolist kws sau paj lug - Fedor Sologub.

Tab sis tej zaum cov feem ntau tshwmsim, suab paj nruas thiab sonorous thaum lub sij hawm twb kwv huam ntawm Konstantin Balmont. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, nws yog kom meej meej hais tias "cov kev tshawb fawb rau correspondences" ntawm lub ntsiab lus, cov xim thiab cov suab. Zoo li cov tswv yim no tau ntsib Rimbaud thiab Baudelaire, thiab tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv ntau Lavxias teb sab paj huam, xws li Thaiv, Bruce Khlebnikov, Kuzmin. Balmont no nrhiav correspondences pom mas nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm lub suab lub ntsiab text - music, muab yug rau lub ntsiab lus. Poet zvukopisi nqa tam sim ntawd, pib siv cov tej hauj lwm ntawm cov yeeb yuj adjectives es tsis txhob ntawm verbs, uas ua rau tsim, raws li cov tsis ntseeg, yuav luag devoid ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov paj huam. Txawm li cas los, qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov paj huam coj nws thiaj li mus rau tsim ntawm tshiab poetic tswv yim, cov uas melodeclamation, dev paus, zvukopis.

"Tseem yau" Symbolist paj huam

Qhov thib ob tiam ntawm lub Symbolist paj huam hais tias, ua ntej pib publishing nyob rau hauv lub 1900s. Cov lawv twb ob leeg tub ntxhais hluas heev sau phau ntawv, xws li Andrey Bely, Sergei Solovyov, Alexander BLOK thiab neeg uas luag hwm, piv txwv li, ib tus paub txog Vyacheslav Ivanov, tus thawj coj ntawm lub chav xyaum tes taw Innokentiy Annensky.

Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub "chaw" ntawm lub symbolism twb tiaj tus Ivanov ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm txoj kev Tauris, qhov twg hauv ib lub sij hawm nyob M. Kuzmin, A. Dawb, A. Mintslova, V. Khlebnikov, muaj Berdyaev, Anna Akhmatova, BLOK, Lunacharsky. Nyob rau hauv Moscow Symbolist paj huam sau nyob rau hauv lub editorial rooj tsavxwm ntawm lub publishing tsev "Roob ris teb", cov thawj ntawm cov editor ntawm uas yog Bryusov. Ntawm no npaj khoom ntawm lub npe nrov tshaj symbolist tsab - "Tshuav". Neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub "scorpions" yog sau phau ntawv xws li K. Balmont, A. Dawb, J. Baltrušaitis, A. Remizov, F. Sologub, BLOK, M. Voloshin thiab lwm tus neeg.

Tshwj xeeb yog thaum ntxov symbolism

Nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov kawg ntawm lub 19th thiab pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Nws yog ib lub sij hawm ntawm kev hloov, ntxhov siab tu siab heev omens thiab kev. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, nws yuav tsis tsum kom meej meej muaj tus mus kom ze ntawm txoj kev tuag-uas twb muaj lawm kev coj thiab kev nom kev tswv. Cov uas yuav tsis tab sis feem xyuam rau txoj Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Kwv huam symbolist paj huam tau tov li paj huam los tuav kev tsis sib haum views. Piv txwv li, tus sau phau ntawv xws li D. Merezhkovsky thiab N. Minsky, thaum xub thawj yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pej xeem paj huam, thiab tom qab pib kom pom tseeb rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug "kev cai dab qhuas zej zog" thiab "vajtswv-tsev". "Senior" Symbolists tsis paub cov kev muaj tiag ntawm lub surrounding ntiaj teb no thiab hais tias "tsis tau." Yog li ntawd, Bruce sau tias: "Kuv tsis pom peb kev muaj tiag, kuv tsis paub ntawm no caug xyoo ..." Thaum ntxov cov neeg sawv cev tam sim no muaj tiag piv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm creativity thiab kev npau suav, nyob rau hauv uas tus neeg yuav tag dawb, tab sis cov kev muaj tiag lawv portrayed npub, siab phem thiab senseless.

Ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb rau lub paj huam muaj artistic innovation - converting lub ntsiab ntawm cov lo lus, lus sib dhos txoj kev loj hlob, atherosclerosis, thiab cov zoo li. "Senior" Symbolists yog cov Impressionists, peb mob siab ua kev hloov maj mam nuances ntawm impressions, moods. Lawv tsis tau siv ib tug system ntawm cov cim, tab sis lo lus raws li xws li tau poob nws cov nqi thiab ua teeb meem loj xwb nyob rau hauv suab zoo, suab paj nruas sau ntawv, txuas nyob rau hauv lub zuag qhia tag nrho kev tsim kho ntawm cov paj huam.

tshiab tiam sis

Nyob rau hauv 1901-1904 gg. pib ib tug tshiab theem nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm symbolism, thiab nws coincided nrog cov revolutionary upsurge nyob rau hauv Russia. kho siab heev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub 1890s muab txoj kev mus rau ib tug kev paub ua ntej ntawm "unprecedented hloov". Thaum lub sij hawm no, nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv scene nyob mladosimvolisty uas yog followers ntawm lub kws sau paj lug Vladimir Solovyov, uas tau pom cov laus lub ntiaj teb no mus rau lub brink ntawm txoj kev tuag, thiab hais tias "txuag lub ntiaj teb no" yuav tsum los saum ntuj los kev zoo nkauj los ntawm txuas thaum pib ntawm lub saum ntuj ceeb tsheej lub neej ntawm cov khoom, hauv ntiajteb no. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lub Symbolist paj huam pib tshwm nquag views, tab sis tsis raws li xws li, tab sis raws li ib tug txhais tau tias kom paub tias cov mus ob peb vas. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv verses lossi raws li qhov kev piav qhia ntawm painfully tu siab-Lavxias teb sab lub caij nplooj zeeg, thaum lub hnub tsis ci los yog cuam mus rau hauv av cia li tu siab daj ntseg rays lub caij nplooj zeeg softly rustling nplooj, thiab txhua yam yog shrouded nyob rau hauv taws kub nnyiab ya rippling.

Nws kuj yog ib tug nyiam motif ntawm lub "yau" symbolists yog ib lub nroog. Lawv tsom rau nws raws li ib tug nyob nrog nws tus kheej tus cwj pwm, nrog nws daim ntawv. Feem ntau nws nyob li lub nroog raws li ib tug qhov chaw ntawm ntshai heev, kev chim, vice cim thiab callousness.

Symbolists thiab kiv puag ncig

Nyob rau hauv 1905-1907, thaum lub kiv puag ncig pib, lub symbolism tau hloov dua. Muaj ntau paj huam los tau los mus ua cov neeg txheej xwm. Yog li ntawd, Bruce sau tus naas ej paj huam "Los Huns", uas tau koob meej rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub qub ntiaj teb no, tab sis reckoned rau nws, thiab kuv tus kheej, thiab tag nrho cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub tuag, cov laus kab lis kev cai. Unit nyob rau hauv lawv cov chaw ua hauj lwm los mus tsim cov dluab ntawm lub ntiaj teb tshiab ntawm cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv 1906 Sologub luam tawm ib phau ntawv "motherland" ntawm paj huam, thiab nyob rau hauv 1907 Balmont sau tau ib series ntawm cov kwv huam, "Zaj nkauj ntawm lub Avenger" - tus sau twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv Paris thiab yog txwv nyob rau hauv Russia.

Cov poob ntawm symbolism

Thaum lub sij hawm no nws hloov lub tswv yim zoo kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm lub Symbolists. Yog hais tias lawv tau dab tsi zoo nkauj li kev sib raug zoo, tab sis tam sim no rau lawv nws pom cov kev twb kev txuas nrog pej xeem hais, nrog rau cov chaos ntawm kev sib ntaus los. Qhov kawg ntawm tus thawj xyoo caum ntawm lub 20th caug xyoo, lub symbolism yog nyob rau hauv poob thiab tsis muab npe tshiab. Tag nrho cov zaum, si nyhav, cov tub ntxhais twb tawm ntawm nws, tab sis yog ib co pieces uas tseem tsim ib tug Symbolist paj huam.

Daim ntawv teev cov loj paj huam, sawv cev rau cim uas nyob hauv ntaub ntawv

• Innokentiy Annensky;
• Jurgis Baltrušaitis ;
• Valeriy Bryusov;
• Zinaida Gippius;
• Fedor Sologub;
• Konstantin Balmont;
• Alexander Tinyakov;
• Wilhelm Zorgenfrey;
• Alexander Dobrolyubov;
• Viktor Strazhev;
• Andrey Bely;
• Konstantin Fofanov;
• Vyacheslav Ivanov;
• Alexander BLOK;
• Georgy Chulkov;
• Dmitry Merezhkovsky;
• Ivan Konevskaya;
• Vladimir Piast;
• Poliksena Soloveva;
• Ivan Rukavishnikov.