Tabasaranskiy xuas tes ua ntaub pua: yees duab

Raws li koj paub, nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb ua tshuaj yej, tsheb - nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab qhov zoo heev pawg woolen ntaub pua tsev, amazing kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov xim ob peb ua ke thiab cov qauv - nyob rau hauv Tabasaran. Nyob rau hauv Dagestan, ntaub pua plag weaving yog xav tau feem ntau, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib qho ntawm feem ancient ntaub ntawv ntawm arts and crafts. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, peb kawm tau hais tias sawv cev rau Tabasaran ntaub pua tsev xuas tes ua, duab uas muaj qhia hauv qab no.

Cov zaj dab neeg ntawm

Hais txog Dagestani pua thawj mention yuav muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntawmv ntawm Herodotus, "Lub txiv ntawm keeb kwm." Lub hauv paus ntawm lub Dagestan classic ntaub pua rau cov kev cai ntawm craftsmen East. Muaj ntau centuries Europeans xa luam expeditions mus rau Tuam Tshoj thiab Persia, coj txhob lo lo ntxhuav thiab pua muaj. Txhua tus kheej-saib huab tais los yog aristocrat muaj ib tug raug tawg ri niab sab hnub tuaj amazingly zoo nkauj siv ntaub pua tsev. Los ntawm txoj kev, feem ntau ancient ntaub pua plag, nqes los rau hauv lub tam sim no hnub, nws twb pom nyob rau hauv 1949 thaum lub sij hawm excavations thiab tam sim no muaj nyob rau hauv lub golden sau los ntawm tus naas ej Hermitage.

destiny

Nws yuav coj txawv txawv xav hais tias tus thawj pua tau tsim cias li ib tug nplua nuj yam khoom. Txawm lub feem ntau kim ntaub pua Tabasaran chiv muaj ib tug nqaim haumxeeb.

Nyob rau hauv lub ancient East, mas nomads nyob. Thiab hais tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ib nomad? Tus thawj - ib qho zoo heev tsiv, tus thib ob - ib tug ceev txoj kev txhim kho ntawm lawv cov tsev, peb - txhim khu kev qha kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kev phiv climatic tej yam kev mob, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, hais tias nws yog qhuav thiab sov so. Nkaus pua raws nraim raws li tag nrho ntawm cov uas yuav tsum tau, tsim nyog rau lub qub neej ntawm lub nomads. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, cov ntaub pua plag txawv heev los ntawm cov neeg uas peb pom niaj hnub no. Tab sis nyob rau hauv no txoj kev cov me nyuam yaus tau tso ntaub pua weaving.

Tsuas yog ces cov neeg pom tau hais tias cov ntaub pua plag yuav ua tau ntau tshaj li kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cua, nws kuj yog ib tug zoo txoj kev uas yuav sawv tawm ntawm cov kwv tij. Yog li, peb pib fiab exquisite thiab zoo nkauj pua. Qhov no coj mus rau qhov tseeb hais tias txoj kev zoo nkauj, zoo thiab kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm pua tau los mus txiav txim rau cov theem ntawm txoj kev vam meej ntawm tus txiv neej. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txhua tus nom kav lub East sim puag ncig koj tus kheej nrog exquisite thiab kim khoom, yog li txog lawv superiority.

zoo

Los ntawm txoj kev, koj paub, xws li nyob rau hauv Dagestan nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm soj ntsuam txhua txhua Tabasaran ntaub pua rau zoo? Zoo tswj ua ntej muaj nyob rau hauv 3 theem. Ua ntej, ib pab tsiaj ntawm nees dhau los ntawm lub woven cov ntaub pua tsev. Ob, tom qab lub ad raug nyob rau ob peb hnub nyob rau hauv lub scorching hnub. Peb, ntaub pua plag dipped nyob rau hauv dej txias, uas yog sab laug mus rau ib tug tej lub sij hawm. Yog hais tias, tom qab xws li "kev nyuaj siab" siv ntaub pua tsev lawv fundamentals zog tsis poob, nws twb ntseeg tau tias tus tswv ua ib txoj hauj lwm. Ntawm no yog technology!

Tabasaran VS Persian pua

Puas yuav ua tau los sib piv tag nrho Tabasaran ntaub pua nrog Iranian (Persian)? Koj muaj peev xwm thiab yuav tsum ua rau nws. Txawm tias koj yuav tsum tsis txhob detract los ntawm lub koob meej, txuj ci thiab zoo ntawm Iranian craftsmen, qhov tseeb nyob twj ywm tseeb. Nyob rau hauv lub Persian Ntaub Pua Plag nruab nrab "lub neej expectancy" txog li 150 xyoo, thaum cov ntaub pua plag nyob rau hauv Dagestan "yuav nyob" mus txog 400 xyoo. Tshwj tsis yog tias, ntawm chav kawm, lawv "siv" rau nws npaj lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tag nrho cov saum toj no cov nuj nqis yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi rau cov ntaub pua plag ua los ntawm txhais tes.

hom

Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Dagestan pab mus rau sai kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub pua plag 3 yam tseem ceeb: qhov sib thooj ntawm Iran (Persia); uas nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no yog qhov Txhob lo lo ntxhuav kev; active nthuav rau ntawm Islam. Rau ob peb lub centuries, lub Caucasus, qhov chaw kev lag luam mas suav hais tias lub nroog ntawm Derbent, uas tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug outpost ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob. Lub nroog yog ib feem ntawm lub Txhob lo lo ntxhuav kev lawv. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nws muab impetus mus rau lub active kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam handicrafts, tshwj xeeb yog ntaub pua tsev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ntau yam tub txawj tub ntse to taub hais tias nws yuav Derbend nrhiav wool threads ntawm cov xim txawv thiab xim (lub zos artisans ntuj dyes tau los ntawm tshuaj ntsuab thiab lov tas vau).

Koj yuav tau piav qhia txog tej yam uas cov kis ntawm Islam nyob rau hauv lub North Caucasus. Persian craftsmen thiab traders yog kam qhia lawv cov secrets, thiab cov khoom feem ntau yuav los ntawm cov Muslim cov pejxeem. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ua ntej tus me nyuam ntawm namaz (thov) rau tam sim no lub sij hawm ntawd nyob rau hauv lev, dubbed "namazlyk".

Nws hais tias nws tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub active kev loj hlob ntawm lub lag luam tawm ntawm cov uas nyob ntawm lub North Caucasus. Txawm hais tias nws yuav coj txawv txawv hais tias tsuas yog Tabasarans txawv sawv ntawm cov ntaub pua tsev weaving. Nco ntsoov tias qhov no yog lawv lub teb chaws khoom siv tes ua. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tag nrho cov haiv neeg ntawm Daghestan twb koom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub pua plag weaving. Yog li ntawd, Lezgins nyob rau hauv lub zos qaib, Akhty, Kasumkent woven pua nrog zoo zoo. Avar zos ntawm Tsada Hunzaha, Gergebil tsim zoo tsis muaj plaub-free pua. Nyob rau hauv no hais sib haum ntawm Dargins Levashev ua woolen pua. Nyob rau hauv lub zos Kayakent, Durgeli, Bugle Kumyks ua patterned woolen pua thiab felted mats. Yog li ntawd koj yuav tau sau txhua lub teb chaws, uas ua lag luam zoo kawg dag zog nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm no khoom siv tes ua.

tufted pua

Koj muaj peev xwm tham ib tug ntev lub sij hawm txog lub ntau hom ntawm pawg pua, tab sis qhov no yuav ua rau me ntsis kev txiav txim zoo. Wb tham txog lawv cov nta. Yog li ntawd Tabasaran pawg ntaub pua nyob rau hauv cov tsoos version yuav muaj nyob rau ntau yam duab dluab uas sawv cev rau cov tsiaj, nroj tsuag thiab tib neeg. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej umelitsy siv cov geometric dluab tsom lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv. Zaum hu no phenomenon "lus ntaub pua art". Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau tej khoom yog heev feem ntau xwm li tag nrho cov ceremonies thiab sib ntaus sib tua scenes. Thaum lub sij hawm, cov lus twb poob, thiab cov duab tau hnav tsuas zoo nkauj.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias tag nrho cov ntaub pua plag muaj ib qho compositional qauv: ciam teb thiab central teb.

qhia txog yam tshiab

Tsis tas li ntawd nthuav qauv Tabasaranskiy pua, ntawm uas muaj peb lub ntsiab hom:

1. Tom qab - qauv tsis muaj ib tug tej yam loj nuj nqis, nrog me me figurines sau cov kev tom qab.
2. Lub - qhia txog yam tshiab nyob rau hauv lawv los mus paub lub ntsiab nuj nqis ntawm cov ntaub pua plag, uas yog hu ua "lub kib".
3. Kaimova - qauv yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev raws li nyiam cov xim ntawm tus neeg ntawm lub "ciam teb" ntawm cov khoom. Qhov no hom ntawm ornamentation tseem hu ua "Kaimova".

Xav Tabasaran ntaub pua plag, tsis hais cov xim, uas ces resorted craftsmen. Tom qab pawg ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom xam tau tias yog lws suav liab los yog xiav, uas yuav tsum nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav ib yam nkaus thiab tense saib. Tab sis cov xim kev sib raug zoo yog tiav los ntawm kev siv ntawm medium thiab me me pieces of txawv xim.

pawg pua

Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li incredibly zoo nkauj Lezgin thiab Azerbaijani sumac. Lawv lub ntsiab feature - ib tug loj siv hauv tsev. Lawv feem ntau siv rau hauv pem-teb (pua tufted, piv txwv li, yog siv ib hom rau cov phab ntsa). Lawv yog cov ntau ntau yam yooj yim pua. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv yog cov ntau softer vim hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lawv cov khoom siv ib tug tshwj xeeb weaving cov txheej txheem yuav tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub pua plag ntaub plaub threads mus txog 15 cm (nws yog li ntawd mos mos thiab lawv ua).

Plaub-free Tabasaran ntaub pua (saib duab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) - nws kuj yog ib tug "davaginy". Lawv defining nta yog hais tias lawv yog 2-mog, thiab muaj tsaus xiav los yog tom qab kob xiav uas tus qauv ( "rukzal"). Cov ntaub pua tsev tau feem ntau yuav pom nyob rau ntawm qhov Avars. Lub ntsiab qauv yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam "kib" thiab appendages, cov "kib" ceg.

Nws tseem yog tsim nyog los qhia txog xws li ib tug tsis muaj plaub-free Dagestani pua raws li pua. Lawv ua los ntawm paj rwb, wool thiab hemp. Palacio xws li zoo nkauj thiab complex qauv, xws li kos duab Tabasaranskiy pua tsis muaj, tab sis lawv yog incredibly tswv yim, thiab feem ntau lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Txhua lub teb chaws pua hu rau nws tus kheej txoj kev: lub Azerbaijanis yog "Palaz", "Barchan" nyob rau hauv Tabasarans, "ruh" nyob rau hauv Lezghins "Turuta" los ntawm Avars thiab lwm tus neeg.

muaj pua

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias cov ntaub pua plag yog ntau heev nyob rau hauv Dagestan sab qaum teb neeg - Nogai, Avars, Kumyk, Dargin. Cov feem ntau muaj pua - arbabashy. Lawv yog ua los ntawm felt nyob rau hauv cov xim txawv. Lawv superimposed on txhua lwm yam, yog li tsim ib tug qauv.