Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm classical ntaub ntawv. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab classicism nyob rau hauv lub comedy "Lub Me"

Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Petra Velikogo nyob rau hauv Russia pib nteg lub lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug tshiab qauv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Classical tej yam tshwm sim originated nyob rau hauv ltalis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th. Tsis pub dhau ib puas xyoo cov kev taw qhia tau mus txog nws siab tshaj plaws txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv Fabkis thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Louis 14th, uas neeg pab leg ntaubntawv kom meej monarchy.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub classical era thiab cov yam ntxwv

Lub ideological hauv paus rau cov tsim ntawm ib tug txawj zog yog cov me nyuam los tu ntawm ib tug muaj zog lub xeev hwj huam. Raws li ib tug lub hom phiaj set classicism qhuas tsis monarchy. Txhais los ntawm lub Latin lub sij hawm classicus lub ntsiab lus "exemplary". Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm classical ntaub ntawv neeg lawv lub hauv paus pib los ntawm ancient sij hawm, thiab lub theoretical lub hauv paus ntawm qhov khoom yuav N. Boileau "poetic Art" (1674). Nws qhia lub tswvyim ntawm peb sawv daws yuav thiab tham txog nruj raws li cov ntsiab lus thiab daim ntawv.

Lub philosophical hauv paus ntawm classicism

Rationalist metaphysics Rene Dekarta pab cov tsim ntawm no txawj zog. Lub ntsiab teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub classics yuav confrontation ntawm yog vim li cas thiab mob siab rau. Nyob rau hauv raws li cov kev faib ntawm tag nrho cov lwm yam nyob rau high school, medium thiab tsawg yeej tau tsim art system.

Ntsiab nta ntawm classicism koom nrog kev siv ntawm cov kev cai ntawm peb lub unities (lub sij hawm, qhov chaw thiab kev txiav txim) thiab normative poetics, vim hais tias ntawm yog dab tsi los ua Tus brakes ntuj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov zajlus txheej txheem. Caste thiab feudal hierarchy yog reflected nyob rau hauv lub aristocratic cim ntawm classicism. Heroes yog dua li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nom tswv cajceg uas yog muaj virtue. High pej xeem tej yam txaus siab thiab patriotism tom qab ua lub hauv paus rau lub tsim ntawm lwm yam kev sau ntawv tiam sis.

Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm classical ntaub ntawv. Nta ntawm Lavxias teb sab classicism

Nyob rau hauv Russia nws yog ib tug txawj zog pib coj zoo lawm nyob rau hauv lub lig 17th caug xyoo. Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab classicists nrhiav tau cov kev twb kev txuas nrog N. Boileau, classicism nyob rau hauv Russia yog ho sib txawv. Nws active kev loj hlob, nws pib tom qab kev tuag ntawm Peter lub Great, thaum cov txiv plig thiab cov nom tswv cajceg sim rov rau hauv lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub pre-Petrine lub sij hawm. Cov nram qab no cov tsos mob yog cov cim lub Lavxias teb sab classicism kev taw qhia:

1. Nws yog ntau siab zoo, raws li tau los ntawm Enlightenment tswv yim.
2. Sib cav tej yam ntuj tso koob pheej ntawm lawv ntawm tag nrho cov tib neeg beings.
3. Lub ntsiab teeb meem tshwm sim ntawm cov aristocracy thiab lub bourgeoisie.
4. Nyob rau hauv Russia, nws muaj nws cov antiquity - Neeg keeb kwm.

Odic paj huam, classical, creativity Lomonosov

Mikhail yog tsis yog ib tug natural tus paub txog, tab sis kuj yog ib tug txawj sau ntawv. Nws nruj me ntsis cai lub cim ntawm classicism, thiab nws classic Ode yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob peb thematic pawg:

1. Kov patriotic. "Ode rau lub Tos mus ntawm Khotin '(1739) tau txuas mus rau tsab ntawv ntawm cov kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab versification. Cov khoom yog dav siv tej cim thiab nkag tau ib tug collective duab ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog.
2. Ode muaj feem xyuam rau accession mus rau lub zwm txwv ntawm lub monarch, nyob rau hauv uas tej yam tshwm sim ntawm classicism twb tsis siv kom meej meej heev. Lomonosov sau tej hauj lwm nyob rau Anna Empress Elizabeth, Catherine II. Laudable Ode txawj sau ntawv ciali feem ntau xis conformal sib tham nrog tus huab tais.
3. Sab ntsuj plig. Nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua lawv hu ua transcription ntawm lub biblical ntawv nrog rau cov lyrical cov ntsiab lus. Ntawm no tus sau hais lus tsis tau tsuas yog hais txog tus kheej yaam puab paub, tab sis kuj hais txog universal teeb meem.

Odes Lomonosov

Mikhail daig sau ntawv tej hauj lwm ntawm exceptional ib hom ntawv nyeem, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug ceremonial lus, kev siv cov txhais tau tias ntawm artistic qhia thiab hais - yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm classicism nyob rau hauv lub Ode. Lomonosov hais txog cov heroic thiab patriotic ntxhais, nto moo rau txoj kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov motherland, thiab txhawb kom cov neeg kawm science. Nws muaj ib tug cwj pwm zoo rau cov monarchy thiab "Ode rau hnub ntawm accession rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Elizabeth Petrovna," qhia lub tswv yim no. Yog enlightened txiv neej, Mikhail ua txoj mus kev qhia ntawv rau tag nrho cov ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Russia, yog li ntawd muab nws cov thwjtim ib tug nplua nuj zajlus cuab yeej cuab tam.

Yuav ua li cas kom paub qhov txawv ib tug classic? Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm classicism nyob rau hauv lub comedy "Lub Me"

Khoom muaj nqis tes ua (feem ntau 5) thiab phenomena, thiab cov kev kawm ntawm kev sib tham nyob rau hauv lub classic comedy yog hauv lub xeev. Tus sau pom cov cim ntawm classicism "ignoramus" thiab "Brigadier".

Lub cim comedies Fonvizin

Nws txawj ua hauj lwm pib nrog Denis Ivanovich translations ntawm European ntawv muaj lub sij hawm thaum uas ua si lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Drama ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv 1762 nws twb hais lub comedy "Brigadier" thiab ces "Korionov". Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov yog uas qhia tej yam tshwm sim ntawm classicism nyob rau hauv "ignoramus" - lub feem ntau coj tej hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg sau. Lub peculiarity ntawm nws ua hauj lwm cov lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nws yog pom zoo rau tsoom fwv txoj cai thiab tsis muab lub uas twb muaj lawm ntaub ntawv ntawm tus tswv tsev domination. Nws pom qhov zoo tagnrho monarchy, fenced los ntawm cov kev cai lij choj, uas tso cai rau tsim lub bourgeois chav kawm ntawv thiab tso cai rau tib neeg muaj nuj nqis yog kev kawm ntawv. Cov views tau reflected nyob rau hauv nws journalistic writings.

"Foreman": lub tswv yim thiab txoj kev

Fonvizin manifests nws tus kheej raws li ib tug playwright los tsim lawv tus comedies. Zus tau tej cov "Brigadier" yog ib tug lossis loj kev vam meej nrog cov neeg tuaj saib los ntawm muab ib tug collective duab ntawm tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawv. Lub hauv paus ntawm zaj dab neeg-ib tug hlub muaj teeb meem. Lub ntsiab cim yog tsis yooj yim los qhia tias, vim hais tias txhua tsis muaj nyob ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis ib tug qhuas mus rau lub collective duab ntawm Lavxias teb sab nom tswv cajceg. Cov tshuaj classic comedy hlub zaj dabneeg playwright siv nyob rau hauv satirical hom phiaj. Tag nrho cov cim koom stupidity thiab kev ntshaw, lawv nruj me ntsis muab faib ua zoo thiab tsis zoo - lub ntsiab nta ntawm lub classical comedy kom meej meej dim. Comic nyhuv playwright mus txog tag nrho tej yam tsis zoo cim txiav txim siab zoo thiab zoo morals. "Brigadier" nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv yog ib tug tshiab ib hom ntawv nyeem phenomenon - nws yog ib tug comedy ntawm tus cwj pwm zoo. Fonvizin piav txog cov kev ua ntawm tsev phau cim. Nws satire yog tsis qhob vim hais tias nws tsis xa mus rau ib tug neeg nqa khoom ntawm kev pab.

Lub taub hau ntawm lub pab neeg thiab nws tus poj niam txiav txim siab mus yuav nws tus tub Ivanushka rau tus ntse thiab zoo nkauj Sophia, advisor tus ntxhais leej twg, tsom kwm tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tsev neeg tsis xav mus nkag rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog lawv. lub nraug vauv nws tus kheej, dhau lawm, nws tsis xav tias tus nkauj nyab, thiab thaum nws paub tias nws yog nyob rau hauv kev hlub Dobrolyubova nplig leej niam ntawm no mus tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev muaj intrigue: Brigadier ntog nyob rau hauv kev hlub pab tswv yim thiab adviser - nyob rau hauv nws tus poj niam foreman, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub kawg txhua yam ntog rau hauv qhov chaw thiab nyob twj ywm zoo siab xwb Sophia thiab Hnub Yug.

"Lub Me": lub tswv yim thiab txoj kev

Cov ua hauj lwm ua ib tug loj kev thiab nom tswv tej teeb meem. "Lub Me" - lub feem ntau coj comedy classicism, cov tsos mob uas - peb kev sib sau, nruj sib cais ntawm zoo thiab tsis zoo cim, kev hais lus rau hauv lub npe - Fonvizin ntse raws li hais. Muaj ob pawg ntawm cov nom tswv cajceg rau sau: txhoj puab thiab hnyav. Qhib yog lub ntsiab ntawm lub kev nyuaj siab ploj ntawm serfdom nyob rau hauv Russia. Playwright innovation manifested nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm zoo dluab uas nyob rau ib lub hom phiaj yuav tsum tau mus muab ib qho kev kawm ua hauj lwm, tab sis nws tseem kom cov cim ntawm classicism. Nyob rau hauv lub comedy "Lub Me" cim Prostakova yog ib hom ntawm kev tshwm sim rau Fonvizin. Qhov no ua cim nruab nrab yog cov duab ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab tswv av - tsis deb, siab hlob, tsis paub, tab sis hlub nws tus tub. Txawm tias tag nrho cov typicality, nws qhia ib tug neeg co uas muaj ntsis. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev soj ntsuam tau pom nyob rau hauv lub comedy nta Enlightenment realism, thaum lwm tus neeg kos mloog mus rau lub normative poetics ntawm classicism.

Prost tsev neeg yog npaj mus yuav nws mediocrity Mitrofanushka rau Ntse ntxhais Sophia. Kuv niam thiab kuv txiv saib tsis taus kev kawm ntawv thiab hais lus cam uas paub txog cov qauv sau ntawv thiab zauv rau tsis muaj dab tsi, txawm li cas los, ntiav tub ntawm cov xib fwb: Tsyfirkin, Vralmana, Kuteikin. Peb muaj ib tug rival Mitrofan - Skotinin, Prostakova kwv tij, leej twg xav mus yuav tus lub siab xav mus ua ib tug tswv ntawm lub zos nrog npua. Txawm li cas los, cov ntxhais yog tsim nyog ntawm Milo tus txiv; Txiv ntxawm Sophia Starodum pom zoo lawv union.