Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm scientific style ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev style ntawm kev hais lus

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab txiav txim siab los faib tsib yooj yim yeej ntawm kev hais lus. Txhua yam ntawm lawv yog yus muaj los ntawm tej yam feem ntawm cov pej xeem thiab hom ntawm journalism. Cov feem ntau nyuaj rau muab yog xav tau ib tug scientific style ntawm kev hais lus. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog lub loj tus naj npawb ntawm inclusions nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm tshwj xeeb cov lus.

General tswv yim

Kev lus yog ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv kev qhia ntawv, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev analytical kev ua si. Nrog rau qhov no style ntawm kev sau ntawv phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag rau ib tug yog vim li cas los yog lwm lub ntsej muag txhua tus neeg tsis muaj kev zam. Muaj coob tus neeg mloog scientific lus hais ntawm ncauj. Rau hnub tim, lub paub cov kev cai ntawm no style yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yam ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai. Kev hais lus yog feem ntau ntaus nqi mus rau cov zajlus (bookish) hom lus hais. Yog vim li cas qhov no yog xws modalities thiab stylistic nta raws li monological cim, muaj siab xav normalize terminology, xav txog txhua kab lus thiab ib tug nruj daim ntawv teev cov txhais tau tias kev qhia.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm tshwm sim ntawm cov style

Kev hais lus nyob vim lub ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam teb ntawm kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv lub tshiab nqaim-profile chaw ntawm lub neej. Chiv, qhov no style ntawm kev nthuav qhia yuav muab piv nrog ib tug artistic narrative. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub Alexandrian lub sij hawm scientific lus yog maj sib cais los ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, cov Greeks feem ntau siv ib tug tshwj xeeb terminology uas zoo tib yam tib neeg tsuas yuav tsis coj kom zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no lawv pib mus ntes tej yam tshwm sim ntawm scientific style.

Initial tshwj xeeb terminology yog xwb nyob rau hauv Latin. Tsis ntev, txawm li cas los, zaum los ntawm ib ncig lub ntiaj teb no tau pib txhais nws rau hauv lawv tus kheej cov lus. Cuaj kaum, tus thoob ntiaj teb hom kis tau tus mob ntawm scientific ntaub ntawv thiab hais tias Latin tseem mus hnub no. Thaum lub sij hawm Renaissance, ntau professors siv zog rau cov neeg thiab brevity ntawm kev sau ntawv phau ntawv rau cov nyiaj pab ntau tshaj txav deb ntawm cov artistic ntsiab ntawm kev nthuav qhia, raws li cov phau ntawv sau tig tsis tooj mus rau canons ntawm cov zajlus kom kuas yam.

"Liberation" scientific style yog qeeb. Ib qho piv txwv yog lub unflattering lus hais ntawm Descartes rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Galileo, tias cov ntawv nyeem yog ib yam nkaus thiab fictionalized. Qhov no lub tswv yim yog qhia los ntawm Kepler, xav hais tias Italian physicist tsis tas feem ntau resorts mus rau lub artistic hauj lwm ntawm qhov xwm ntawm yam. Thaum lub sij hawm, cov qauv ntawm cov style yog tus ua hauj lwm ntawm Newton. Lavxias teb sab scientific lus pib coj zoo lawm xwb nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 18th caug xyoo. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, tus sau phau ntawv ntawm tshwj xeeb ntaub ntawv thiab txhais lus pib tsim nws tus kheej terminology. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua thaum 18th, Mikhail Lomonosov thiab nws cov thwjtim muab sawv mus rau tsim ntawm lub scientific style. Muaj ntau masters tau tso siab rau tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij, tab sis thaum kawg tus terminology yog daim ntau quav tso ua ke xwb nyob rau hauv lub lig 19th caug xyoo.

Hom ntawm scientific style

Thaum lub caij, muaj cov 2 classifications: tsoos thiab ncua. Los ntawm niaj hnub qauv, lub Lavxias teb sab lus yog 4 yam ntawm scientific style. Txhua yam ntawm lawv nws muaj nws tus kheej peculiarities thiab yuav tsum.

Cov tshuaj kev faib:

1. Qhov nrov science ntawv nyeem. Nws lub hom phiaj yog cov neeg tuaj saib uas tsis muaj kev tshwj xeeb cov kev txawj thiab kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam cheeb tsam. Nrov science ntawv nyeem khaws feem ntau ntawm cov lus thiab clarity ntawm kev nthuav qhia, tab sis nws tus cwj pwm yog heev yooj yim zog rau cov xaav. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv no style nws yog tau tso cai rau siv rau lub siab ntsws thiab kev paub qhia lo daim ntawv ntawm kev hais lus. Nws lub hom phiaj yog mus paub cov pej xeem nrog rau ib co lus muaj tseeb thiab tshwm sim. Tsis xav tsis nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub 1980s muaj ib tug subspecies ntawm cov style - lub scientific thiab txawj cov ntawv nyeem. Nws tsis tshua siv cov kev lus thiab cov xov tooj, thiab lawv muaj muaj ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws piav.

Rau scientific thiab nrov style yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm cov nram qab no nta: ib tug sib piv nrog txhua hnub khoom, yooj yim ntawm kev nyeem ntawv thiab mloog lus, simplicity, zaj dab neeg txog lwm yam xwm tsis muaj kev faib thiab ib tug dav dav saib xyuas. Kev nthuav qhia los ntawm no zoo feem ntau yog luam nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, cov phau ntawv Magazine, cov me nyuam encyclopedias.

2. kev kawm thiab kev nyeem. Lub ADDRESSEE ntawm xws tej hauj lwm yog cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov lus - tau ntsib nrog rau cov lus tseeb tsim nyog rau lub xaav ntawm ib tug tej khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv yog nyob rau hauv ib tug general txoj kev uas muaj ntau raug cov piv txwv. Qhov no style xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm kev terminology, nruj kev faib thiab du zaus los ntawm daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas rau kev mob. Tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv luam tawm phau ntawv thiab phau ntawvtes. 3. nruj me ntsis scientific cov ntawv nyeem. Ntawm no yog cov ADDRESSEE ntawm kev txawj nyob rau hauv kos duab thiab kev kawm ntawv. Tus aim yog kom piav cov kev tseeb, discoveries thiab cov cai. Kev style, piv txwv uas yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim sib cav, ntaub ntawv thiab xyuas, tsis tsuas pub txoj kev siv cov terminology, tab sis kuj tus kheej bezemotsionalnye cov lus xaus.

4. Kev thiab scientific cov ntawv nyeem. Tej hauj lwm ntawm no hom ntawm qhov chaw nyob style tshwj xeeb nqaim profile. Tus aim yog mus thov cov kev txawj ntse thiab kev vam meej nyob rau hauv xyaum.

Nyob rau hauv lub txhab kev faib tawm, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau saum toj-hais hom, kuj muaj xws li informativno- thiab siv thiab scientific phau ntawv.

Fundamentals ntawm scientific style

Variability ntawm hom lus yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub dav dav thaj chaw ntawm cov lus hais lus ua si, manifested tsis hais txog ntawm cheeb tsam (humanitarian, leej, tej yam ntuj tso) thiab ib hom ntawv nyeem sib txawv.

Scope ntawm scientific kev sib txuas lus style yog heev txawv nyob rau hauv hais tias nws cov hom phiaj yog unambiguous zajlus kom qhia ntawm kev xav. Lub hom daim ntawv ntawm cov lus yog cov tswv yim, kev xav, dynamic nqe lus uas yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib theem zuj zus. Kev hais lus yuav tsum nco ntsoov ua tus sau nrog cov nqe lus uas yuav podcherchivali zajlus kom xav. Tag nrho cov kev txiav txim yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub synthesis thiab tsom xam cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau.

Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm ib tug scientific ntawv nyeem style coj abstracted thiab generalized xwm. Common extralinguistic hais lus nta thiab cov khoom raws li nram no:

1. Abstraction thiab generalization ntawm kev nthuav qhia. Zoo txhua txhua lo lus yog hais txog tej lub sij hawm los yog paub daws teeb khoom. Nyob rau hauv lub vos voj voog yuav tau hnov xws li ib tug tshaj plaws raws li ib tug generalized scientific style. Piv txwv ntawm nws qhov txawv nta: lub predominance nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm nouns, kev siv ntawm cov pa tswv yim, kev siv ntawm finite qhia txog kev ua passive tsim nqe lus.
2. Taub hau ntawm kev nthuav qhia. Tag nrho cov nqe lus no yog raws li qhia siv kuj thiab unambiguously, qhov tseeb txog. Qhov no yog tiav los ntawm kev siv tshwj xeeb syntax thiab kev txhais tau tias kev sib txuas lus.
3. Cov neeg ntawm kev nthuav qhia. Qhov no tej khoom vaj tse yog ib tug scientific style ntawm kev hais lus yog tiav vim lub nquag siv ntawm cov nqe lus, unambiguous kab zauv thiab paub cov ntsiab lus to taub lus.
4. Ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev nthuav qhia. Txhua sib cav yuav tsum tau kev txhawb los ntawm tsim nyog cov lus. Kev tsuas xyaus kev nthuav qhia. Semantic load daim ntawv qhia exhausts tus xaiv teb ntawm science.
5. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nthuav qhia. Qhaj ntawv ntawm tus kheej kev pom ntawm cov kev hloov ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Tag nrho cov nqe lus teem rau hauv kev kawm ntawm daim ntawv qhia thiab muaj kev ua saib tsis taus daim ntawv ntawm kev hais lus.

lus nta

Kev style pom nws qhia thiab hais lus sib xws nyob rau hauv tej yam units. Nws cov lus cov yam ntxwv yuav ua tau peb yam:

1. Lexical units. Txiav txim seb tus ua hauj lwm thiab stylistic coloring cov ntawv nyeem. Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev morphological cov ntaub ntawv thiab syntactic lug.
2. Stylistic sib sau. Lub luag hauj lwm rau nruab nrab haumxeeb load cov ntawv nyeem. Yog li, lub kev txiav txim zoo tshaj yuav yog lawv ntau predominance nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia. Nyias ntaus cim rau lwm cov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov morphological cov ntaub ntawv. Tsawg zaus, lawv yuav tau lub syntactical Siv.
3. Mezhstilevaya unit. Tsis tas li ntawd xa mus rau raws li nyob nruab nrab cov lus hais. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov yeej ntawm kev hais lus. Nyob qhov loj tshaj plaws ib feem ntawm cov ntawv nyeem.

Kev style thiab nta

Txhua zoo thiab daim ntawv ntawm kev hais lus nws muaj nws tus kheej ua qauv qhia zog. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev style: lexical, lus thiab syntactic.

Tus thawj hom nta xws li siv cov tshwj xeeb phraseology thiab terminology. Lexical nta ntawm scientific style ntawm kev hais lus yog feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov lus muaj ib lub nqi. Piv txwv ntawm "lub cev" - ib lub sij hawm los ntawm physics "acid" - ntawm Science News for KIDS, etc. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nta xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv generalising kev siv cov lus xws li "ntau", "kheev", "tsis tu ncua". Kev paub qhia lo thiab colloquial lexicon noj yuav tsum tsis txhob. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, tso cai kab lus-cliché ntau yam nuj nqis thiab cov cim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, yuav tsum muaj cov kev mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nws tau sau nrog thoob ntiaj teb lo lus. Lub narrative mus los ntawm ib tug thib peb tog tsis muaj tus nquag siv ntawm txhais. Lexical nta ntawm scientific style - 6 txoj kev kawm hauv chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv high school, ces nws yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv nrov lus. Uzkoprofilnye terminology yog tsis heev. Kwm nta ntawm scientific style ntawm cov ntawv nyeem yuav tsum ua raws li nrog yuav tsum xws li objectivity thiab unemotional. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tag nrho cov nqe lus thiab cov tswv yim yog tsis meej xwm.

Syntactic nta ntawm scientific style: kev siv ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb kev txiav txim zoo ntawm qhov chaw "peb", lub loj heev ntawm txoj lug proposals, kev siv ntawm cov predicate. Cov ntaub ntawv noj mus rau hauv tsis zoo li neeg hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov lus uas muaj ib tug txheej txheem txheej txheem. Lug siv explanatory, passive thiab ntsaws tsim proposals.

Tag nrho cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev style ntawm kev hais lus hais ib tug tshwj xeeb text muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov qhia yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv qhov chaw nrog rau cov tsim nyog title. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias cov ntawv nyeem muaj ib tug kev taw qhia, cov me nyuam yaus thiab cov lus xaus.

Kev style: lexical nta

Lub ntsiab hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev hais lus thiab kev qhia ntawm xav yog lub tswvyim. Uas yog vim li cas qhov no style lexical tsev nruab nrab yog ib tug paub daws teeb khoom los yog phenomenon. Uniquely thiab precisely xws tshwj xeeb tswv yim pub qhia cov nqe lus. Yog tsis muaj cov lus los yog nqe lus hais tias ib tug txiav txim nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaim ntau yam ntawm kev ua ub no, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam lub niaj hnub scientific style. Piv txwv ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog hais txog zauv txoj kev zenith Atrophy, ntau yam radar, theem, plaub, kub, cov tsos mob, laser thiab lwm tus neeg.

Hauv lub lexical system ntawm cov kab zauv yeej ib txwm unambiguous. Lawv tsis yuav tsum tau qhia thiab tsis suav tias yog tsis muaj respect rau style. Cov nqe lus hu ua conditional lus ntawm lub scientific teb ntawm kev ua si. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv tuaj mus rau lub Lavxias teb sab lexicon ntawm lus Askiv los yog Latin.

Niaj hnub no, lub sij hawm yog xav tau ib zaug xwb conceptual unit ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov neeg. Tej lexical nta ntawm scientific style nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov xov tooj nyob rau hauv lub profile ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv predominate dua lwm hom kab zauv. Raws li statistics, cov terminology yog hais txog 20% ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv nyeem. Nyob rau hauv scientific lus nws embodies uniformity thiab specifics. Txhais cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus uas muab ib tug txhais, uas yog ib tug nyuag lus piav qhia txog lub phenomenon los yog yam khoom. Txhua tswvyim nyob rau hauv scientific lus yuav qhia tau.

Cov ntsiab lus uas ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej nta. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub uniqueness thiab cov neeg, cov simplicity, taub hau thiab stylistic tseeb. Tsis tas li ntawd ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab uas yuav tsum tau rau cov nqe lus yog tam sim no (tam sim no), yog li ntawd lawv yuav tsis obsolete. Raws li koj paub, kev kawm muaj peev xwm yuav hloov los ntawm ib co newer tswv yim thiab capacious. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov nqe lus yuav tsum nyob ze rau lub thoob ntiaj teb cov lus. Piv txwv li: ib tug hypothesis, technology, kev sib txuas lus thiab lwm tus neeg. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias rau hnub tim, feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas muaj feem ntau txais thoob ntiaj teb lo lus-txoj kev hais (bio, ntxiv, anti neo, mini, Kos thiab lwm tus).

Tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub notion ntawm nqaim realm-dav thiab yog Interscience. Cov thawj pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li cov nqe lus xws li tsom xam, teeb meem thesis, txheej txheem, lwm yam, mus rau lub thib ob - kev khwv nyiaj txiag, ua hauj lwm, tus nqi. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog heev tshwj xeeb rau lub xaav ntawm lub tswvyim. Cov nqe lus ntawm no lexical pab pawg neeg cov cim tsuas yog rau ib cheeb tsam ntawm science.
Ntsiab nyob rau hauv kev hais lus siv nyob rau hauv tsuas yog ib qho kev muaj nuj nqis. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas, yog tias lub sij hawm yog ib tug multi-muaj nuj nqis, nws yuav tsum tau nrog los ntawm defining lo lus uas qhia meej txog nws cov kev taw qhia. Ntawm cov tswv yim uas yuav tsum tau specifics, lub nram qab no: lub cev, lub dag lub zog, lub zog, loj.

Generalization yog feem ntau tiav los ntawm kev siv ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm paub daws teeb lexical units nyob rau hauv scientific style. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, kev lus nws muaj nws ib qho yam ntxwv phraseology. Nws muaj xws li cov nqe lus xws li "solar plexus", "participial turnover", "nruab nrab kem", "yog", "yog siv rau" thiab lwm yam

Terminology muab tsis tau tsuas yog cov lus qhia to taub ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb, tab sis kuj cov compatibility ntawm ntxawg thiab PatientsÕ cov ntaub ntawv.

Kev style: kwm nta

Language nqaim profile kheej ntawm kev sib txuas lus ua rau nws morphological nta. Generalization thiab abstraction ntawm kev hais lus tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nyias muaj nyias ib grammatical units, uas yog pom nyob rau hauv cov kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev nthuav qhia no. Yus muaj los ntawm cov lus nta ntawm scientific style repetition zaus nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, uas yog, qhov ntau degree ntawm load.

Tsis muaj sau txoj cai lexical savings ua siv luv luv nqe lus variations. Ib tug xws li txoj kev uas yuav txo kev nyuaj siab yog hloov cov lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv npe nrog hais txog poj niam mus rau lub masculine (xws li: tus yuam sij - tseem ceeb). Ib tug zoo xws li cov teeb meem no yog thiab nrog rau cov plural uas yog hloov nrog ib tug hluas. Piv txwv li: linden blossoms nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog hais txog ntau tshaj ib tug tej tsob ntoo, thiab tag nrho cov tsev neeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Real npe tau tej zaum kuj yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv lub plural: zoo depths, lub suab nrov nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj cua, thiab lwm yam

Ntsiab nyob rau hauv scientific lus ho yeej lawm cov npe ntawm kev ua. Qhov no yog ua los txo cov kev siv ntawm artificially ntawv nyeem verbs. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, cov qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus yog hloov los ntawm npe. Qhov scientific style noj verbs ua rau ib tug tsis lexical lub ntsiab lus, tig qhov kev nthuav qhia mus rau hauv ib tug daws teeb daim ntawv. Yog li ntawd, cov qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus tsuas yog rau cov kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov lo lus siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv: yuav, ua, raug xa mus rau, tsis, yuav, tau, yuav tswv kom tau kev txiav txim, thiab lwm yam

Nyob rau lwm cov tes, nyob rau hauv scientific lus muaj yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib pab pawg neeg ntawm verbs uas yuav pab tau raws li cov ntsiab ntawm cov ua ke ntawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lawv kis qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov lus lub ntsiab lus. Piv txwv ua rau tuag, ua suav. Feem ntau paub daws teeb semantics ntawm verbs siv nyob rau hauv scientific style ntawm kev sib txuas lus: muaj nyob ua ib ke, tseem yuav tshwm sim thiab lwm cov neeg. Nws kuj tso cai rau siv grammatically tsis muaj zog txaus daim ntawv: lub distillation yog nqa tawm, nqus cov lus xaus, thiab lwm yam

Lwm hom lus feature ntawm style yog kev siv ntawm ib timeless ib feem ntawm tus hais lus zoo muaj nuj nqis. Qhov no yog ua li cas yuav qhia tau tus yam ntxwv thiab thaj chaw ntawm lub phenomena raug soj ntsuam los yog cov khoom. Nws yog noteworthy tias cov verbs nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm timeless nqi, xws li xwb scientific ntawv (piv txwv: lus ceeb toom ntawm thwmsim, tshawb fawb cov ntawv qhia). Nyob rau hauv kev lus predicates sau npe nyob rau hauv 80% ntawm cov neeg siv nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg txhaum daim ntawv no, uas daim ntawv qhia yog ntawm ib tug general xwm. Ib txhia verbs uas yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub neej tom ntej tense nyob rau hauv ruaj khov ceev. Piv txwv li: xav txog, ua pov thawj, thiab lwm yam

Raws li rau koj tus kheej tej lus, lub scientific style lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv raws li qhov xwm ntawm abstraction cov ntawv nyeem. Nyob rau hauv tsawg tus neeg mob, xws ntaub ntawv raws li "peb" thiab "koj", raws li lawv concretise zaj dab neeg thiab tsis txaus siab. Nyob rau hauv lub jargon ntau tej lus peb tus neeg.

Kev style: syntactic nta

Rau no hom ntawm lo lus nug, thov kom complex designs tswv yim. Qhov no tso cai rau koj mus rau ntau meej qhia lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tswv yim, los tsim kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab ntawm cov nqe lus, ua, txim thiab cov lus xaus. Syntactic nta ntawm scientific style hauv cov ntawv nyeem yus generalization thiab uniformity ntawm tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus.

Feem ntau hom ntawm proposals yog subordinate constituent. Complex ntaub ntawv ntawm cov koom haum thiab dialects yog kuj yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia (scientific ntawv). Piv txwv ntawm kev taw qhia ntawm cov ntawv nyeem yuav pom nyob rau hauv encyclopedias thiab phau ntawv. Yuav kom koom tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus yog siv binders ob peb ua ke: Nyob rau hauv xaus, yog li ntawd, thiab lwm yam

Muaj nyob rau hauv scientific lus tsev uniformly nrog hwm rau cov nqe lus Circuit Court. Yuav Tsum yuav tsum tau - ib tug zoo ib yam narrative. Txhua lub tswv yim yuav tsum tau txawj txuas mus rau lub yav dhau los yog ib tug. Interrogative daim ntawv siv nyob rau hauv scientific sau ntawv yog tsis tshua muaj tsis tshua muaj thiab tsuas nyiam cov xim ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib.

Yuav kom nqa cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub paub daws teeb timeless cim siv cov kev syntax nqe lus (tsis zoo li neeg los yog generic). Actor nyob rau hauv xws proposals yog uas ploj lawm. Saib xyuas yuav tsum tau teem rau qhov kev txiav txim thiab nws tshwm sim. Lub generalized thiab indefinite-tus kheej kab zauv yog tsuas yog siv nrog cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov nqe lus thiab cov qauv.

Lwm yam scientific lus

Cov phau ntawv ntawm no style no yog ua los nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tiav lawm cov khoom uas muaj ib tug coj qauv. Ib qho ntawm feem nrov lwm yam yog thawj. Qhov no scientific hais lus (Sample ntawv nyeem: cov khoom, lectures, monographs, hais lus ntawm ncauj, qhia) yog tsim los ntawm ib los yog ntau tus sau phau ntawv. Qhov kev nthuav qhia mus rau pej xeem rau thawj lub sij hawm.

Cov theem nrab ib hom ntawv nyeem muaj xws li cov ntawv uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau. Qhov no sau ntawv thiab paub daws teeb, thiab paub daws teeb, thiab paub daws teeb.

Txhua yam ntawm tus lwm yam muaj tej yam stylistic nta uas tsis ua txhaum lub scientific style ntawm lub narrative qauv thiab tau cov yam ntxwv thiab nta.