Theory ntawm lub zos civilizations: tus piav ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm txawv haiv neeg

Muaj ntau txoj hau kev philosophers thiab historians tau nrhiav kev piav qhia uas yog thawj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug neeg cov cheeb tsam, lub teb chaws, haiv neeg, thiab tib neeg raws li ib tug tag nrho. Qhov no qhov teeb meem xav scholars xws li Oswald Spengler, Lub Schubart, H. Danilevky, F. Northrop, thiab lwm tus neeg. Cov tseem sawv cev thiab nthuav kev tshawb xav ntawm civilizational haiv neeg ua hauj lwm Toynbee. Nws lub hom phiaj ntawm lub zos civilizations yog dav xam tau tias yog ib tug masterpiece macrosociology.

Nws kev tshawb fawb, nws nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub assertion hais tias qhov tiag tus kwv ntawm txoj kev tshawb yuav tsum societies, uas muaj ntau tshaj raws li nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab txoj sia luv tshaj zoo tib yam lub teb chaws-states. Xws li ib tug zej zog - lub zos kev vam meej.

Yog civilization haiv neeg muaj ntau tshaj 20. Cov no muaj xws li ib tug Western Orthodox Lavxias teb sab, Orthodox Byzantine, antique, Indian, Arabic, Sumerian, Suav, Iyiv, Andean, Mexican, Hithai thiab lwm yam civilizations. Toynbee kuj tsom rua kev tsib "stillborn" thiab plaub civilizations uas tswm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob - momadicheskaya, Eskimo, Spartan thiab Ottoman. Kuv xav yog vim li cas ib txhia haiv neeg tsim dynamically, thaum lwm tus neeg tsis txhob nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm thaum ntxov ua sawv ntawm nws lub neej.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm civilizations tsis tau piav los ntawm tus ntawm ib tug neeg tseem ceeb xws li cov thaj chaw, cov tawv nqaij txog kev paub, Aggressiveness los yog paaj tej yam kev mob, thiab muaj nyob rau hauv haiv neeg ntawm lub tswv yim tsawg. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub zos civilizations cav tias tsuas yog pab pawg neeg twg muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb muab rau evolve nyob rau hauv civilizational kab lis kev cai. Cov zej zog qhov chaw uas cov tej yam kev mob yog tsis muaj, nyob rau hauv lub dotsivilizatsionnom theem. Piv txwv li, mob loj tsawv rau ib tug enabling puag ncig yuav yeej ib txwm muab pov ib tug kev sib tw rau hauv lub zej zog los ntawm kev tsim teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau to taub thiab nrog rau kev siv uas muaj tswv yim muaj peev xwm. Qhov no haiv neeg nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev hu rov qab thiab yog ib txwm nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab, vim hais tias nws yeej paub tsis so. Yog li ntawd, nws thiaj li yuav tsim ib tug kab lis kev cai ntawm kev vam meej.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub zos civilizations hais tias tib neeg keeb kwm yog ntaus nqi raws li ib qho keeb kwm ntawm lub zos haiv neeg ntawm kev vam meej uas mus los ntawm cov me nyuam yug ntawm - kaj ntug - cov poob - lub disappearance. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yog cim. Tej yam tshwm sim ntawm kev vam meej - yog ib tug muaj tswv yim nucleus ib ncig uas tsim thawj ntaub ntawv ntawm cov rau sab ntsuj plig lub neej raws li zoo li nyiaj txiag, kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv lub koom haum.

Ib lub zos kev vam meej kab lis kev cai muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj lwm yam. Piv txwv li, Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws tau coj mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm lub thaj, Lavxias teb sab Orthodox thiab niaj hnub Orthodox Greek haiv neeg. Yog hais tias kev vam meej yog poob nws cov kev cai thiab muaj tswv yim tseem ceeb, nws ua rau yus nws txoj kev tuag. Culture yog zaum ntev li ntev tau raws li yuav txaus teb mus rau sab nraud txoj kev sib tw uas hem nws heev hav zoov.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub zos civilizations Toynbee hu mus tso tseg lub "zapadnotsentristskih" views thiab tsis txhob xav tias yuav kab lis kev cai uas yog to taub tsis tau mus Western lub neej thiab tsis haum mus rau hauv nws worldview, "rov qab" los yog "ua loj leeb".