Tikhonravov Michael Klavdievich: livelihoods thiab biography

Tikhonravov Michael Klavdievich - koj Soviet scientific daim duab. Tsiolkovsky yog tus tub kawm ntawv thiab collaborator poj huab tais, nws twb muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm cov thawj Soviet cuaj luaj. Nws muaj ntau yam khoom plig. Nws tau coj ib tug ntau ntawm tsim nyog successors ntawm lub lag luam.

thaum yau

Yog li ntawd, yog dab tsi yog nws tus kheej thiab li cas txoj kev yog Tikhonravov Michael Klavdievich? Biography pib nws nees nkaum-cuaj nyob rau hauv Vladimir nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1900, tab sis tsis ntev lub tsev neeg tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg. Yav tom ntej scientific thawj coj tau yug los nyob rau hauv ib tug kev txawj ntse tsev neeg. Nws txiv - M. Claudius, yog ib tug kws lij choj, thiab nws niam - Aleksandra Nikolaevna - tus kws qhia ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum xya xyoo nyob rau hauv lub revolutionary txheej xwm caij St. Petersburg tsev neeg pib mus nyob heev nruj, thiab nws tau txiav txim siab tsiv mus nyob tus leej niam rau cov me nyuam yau nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Pereslavl. Ib tug senior Misha tseem txog rau thaum xaus ntawm Tikhonravov Jr. chav xyaum tes taw nrog nws tus txiv. Cov tsev neeg tau rov qab sib koom ib lub xyoos tom qab.

Early xyoo

Thaum lub qhov chaw tshiab Claudius M. tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws txiav txim plaub, thiab nws tus tub xa express mail thiab luam cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm spare nws nyiam painting.

Nyob rau hauv Pereslavl Tihonravov Mihail Klavdievich yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj Komsomol card thiab coj ib tug active Komsomol ua hauj lwm, tso lub hlwb thiab circling nrog kev dag nyob has lug hab lwm tus lub zos. Nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1919 nws txawm raug xaiv chairman ntawm lub Komsomol City Committee.

Nyob rau hauv tib 1919, lub xyoo Tikhonravov volunteered rau Red Army thiab ces ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub dag thiab kev kawm department ntawm lub zos nrhiav neeg ua hauj chaw ua hauj lwm.

Nyob rau hauv 1920, Michael tsiv mus rau Moscow thiab los ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau Cua Dag Zog Yuam Engineering Academy muaj npe tom qab Zhukovsky Red Army, uas xaus tom qab 5 xyoo.

Debut cov kauj ruam nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm

Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo, engineer Tihonravov Mihail Klavdievich hauj lwm nyob rau ob peb qhauj ntawm lub chaw ua dav hlua kev lag luam. Rov qab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm ib tug tub hluas tsim ib tug series ntawm gliders, muaj ib tug txaus siab kawm. Qhov no ua hauj lwm nws hais ntxiv hais nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov 20s, thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv lub seem ntawm gliding yog ib tug acquaintance, muaj ib tug txiav txim tej yam nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Tikhonravov thiab txoj hmoo ntawm cov Soviet foob pob ua ntxaij.

Tus thawj Soviet missile

Tshiab phooj ywg Michael Klavdievich hu ua Sergeem Pavlovichem Korolevym. Ntawm zaum ntaus li ib tug phooj ywg uas tsim nyob rau hauv ze kev koom tes. Korolev agitated Tikhonravov koom ballistic missiles, thiab nyob rau hauv 1932, nws tau coj ib pab neeg uas tsim cov thawj Soviet ob-theem foob pob ua ntxaij.

Tikhonravov thiab lwm cov neeg ntawm lub keeb kwm cov txheej xwm nco ntsoov tias ua hauj lwm loj heev ceev. Lub missile tsis xav khiav rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, thiab nws tsav tsheb mus rau lub landfill nyob rau hauv pej xeem thauj, qhwv nyob rau hauv ib co rags.

Lub zog ntawm engineers tau zoo nyob rau hauv 1933. Cov foob pob ua ntxaij yog thaum kawg tau khiav, thiab nws sawv mus rau 400 meters saum toj no rau hauv av. Nws yog ib tug zoo tshwm sim rau tag nrho lub teb chaws.

Nyob rau hauv 1934, Tihonravov Mihail Klavdievich proceeded mus coj dav hlau department ntawm lub koom haum, thiab txij li thaum 1938 ua kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kua foob pob ua ntxaij xyaw; tsim cov cav tov uas yuav cia mus kawm ntawv sab sauv atmospheric khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, thiab lwm yam

Ua hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog

Thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm qhov chaw tshawb kawm ua hauj lwm tau ib ntus tshem tawm. Ntau yam ua txawv heev kev pab raws qib. Nws yog tsim nyog mus lawm fascists ntawm tag nrho cov nqi, thiab tiag tiag lub neej-saving tshuaj yog cov creation ntawm "Katyusha" legendary anti-aircraft complex. Nws yog tsim cuaj luaj rau nws thiab koom Tikhonravov Michael Klavdievich nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov forties.

Opal thiab kua zaub ntsuab

Tom qab tsov rog Tikhonravov raws li dav hlau tshawb fawb lub koom haum, qhov twg nws yog deputy chief, tau tsim high-altitude missiles, nws ua hauj lwm los mus tsim cov thawj dag satellites, qhov chaw ships, tswj los ntawm tus tsav thiab tsis siv neeg hom ntaus ntawv npaj rau interplanetary missions.

Nyob rau hauv lub fiftieth xyoo nws launched ib teg num los tsim ib tug multi-theem ballistic missile, tab sis twb tsis to taub thiab txawm luag thuam. Management txiav txim cov tswv yim muab rau pem hauv ntej zoo heev. Tikhonravov Michael Klavdievich uas nws yees duab ntawm lub sij hawm muab ib tug nkees nkees thiab kev nyuaj siab txiv neej, twb demoted thiab muab tshem tawm los ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb tej yaam num.

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1953 cov tub ceev xwm pom tau hais lawv yuam kev thiab coj kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub npe, articulated Tikhonravov. Tus kws tshawb fawb, uas tiv thaiv tag nrho cov muaj tseeb txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm rau nws brainchild, twb zoo tu qab tso los ntawm oblivion thiab xa rov qab mus dhia hauj lwm.

Lub neej tshuav nyiaj li cas engineer siab qhov chaw tshawb kawm. nws tau los ua tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hnov tej yaam num tsim raws li lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm tsim ntawm cov khoom cua satellites ntawm OKB-1. Nws yog ua tsaug rau Tikhonravov tau ua tus thawj lub community launch txog lub satellite, uas nqa ib tug nyob qab, thiab rau cov uas tus paub txog twb muab tsub lub Lenin nqi zog. Thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua ib tug Hero ntawm Socialist Labor.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tshawb fawb kev ua ub no, nws koom Mikhail Klavdievich thiab qhia. Ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib ntawm nws lectures yog, piv txwv li, Yuri Gagarin.

Plaub ntawm Lub peb hlis ntuj 1974, lub teb chaws tau kis tau tus dub xov xwm hais tias ib tug 73-xyoo lub neej tuag ib tug zoo heev paub txog, academician thiab xib fwb Tihonravov Mihail Klavdievich. Nws tus poj niam - Olga Konstantinovna Parovina (kuj yog ib tug tsim engineer) dim nws tus txiv rau kaum cuaj xyoos. Qhov ob peb yuav tus ntxhais Natalia, Olga tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv thiab zoo-tub xeeb ntxwv Rostislav.