Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve "Kuznetsk fortress", Novokuznetsk: txheej txheem cej luam, piav qhia, keeb kwm thiab nthuav tseeb

Ntau tshaj nees nkaum-hectare xwm zeem cia, lub ntsiab tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Kuzbass - Kuznetsk fortress. Lub ntsiab yog ib feem ntawm lub fortress yog nyob rau Mount Ascension, uas yog ib feem yuav txoob, roob, overlooking lub nroog ntawm Novokuznetsk los ntawm tib lub tsev kawm ntawv. Cov tsev khaws puav pheej pib nws cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 1991, yuav tau kawm, khaws cia thiab txhawb tej kev nthuav kwv, raws li ib tug fortress Kuznetsk - ib tug zoo kawg li monument ntawm keeb kwm ntawm fortification, cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws tseem ceeb ntawm kab lis kev cai.

chaw uas zoo heev

Lub chaw uas zoo heev yog tsis tsuas cov Kuznetsk fortress, tab sis tseem muaj lwm yam thiab keeb kwm monuments. Muaj txawm tias ib tug zoo nkauj dej tsaws tsag nyob rau hauv lub hav cuam kawb txog Verhotomskoye redoubt. Yam tsawg kawg ib lub teb architectural, ua tub rog thiab fortification khoom yuav tau saib nyob rau ncig saib pej xeem thiab cov neeg tuaj xyuas. Lub preservation ntawm cov monuments yog sib txawv, lub restoration ua hauj lwm yog lossi raws li nram no.

Ntawm no nws yog nyob thiab archaeological chaw - tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm ntau hom. Kev soj ntsuam yog tseem nyob rau hauv txoj kev, thiab tsis yog tsis muaj kev tshawb pom. Kuznetsk Fortress kawm yog nyob deb ntawm tag nrho cov. Cov tsev khaws puav pheej exposition yog tas li tshiab los ntawm tej kev tshawb fawb. Nws pib ua cov tub rog keeb kwm ntawm lub cheeb tsam, thiab khoom siv rau hauv lub tsev rau txim site, zaj dab neeg kab kom ntxiv dag zog, thiab lub fortress tsev lojcuj, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub fortress, dhau lawm, los ntawm lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua. Cov tsev khaws puav pheej yuav pab los txhawb cov tub rog thiab patriotic sawv, sau dab neeg thiab pej xeem cov kab lis kev cai txhawb.

tsev cia puav pheej ntawm kev ua hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1991, cov tsev khaws puav pheej yog qhib, thiab tus thawj ntawm nws cov neeg ua haujlwm tsawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug Dilapidated tsev. Nrog tus tshiab 1992 nws pib tsis tau tsuas yog ib tug kev tshawb ntawm cov fortress ntawm archival kev tshawb fawb thiab archaeological, tab sis kuj lug deployed restoration tej hauj lwm. Lawv ncaav ethnographic, archaeological thiab keeb kwm ntoj ke mus kawm Nkij los txuam rau cov nyiaj ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej. Txij li thaum nws regained nws rebirth Kuznetsk fortress.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1993 lub tsev khaws puav pheej tsiv mus rau lub tsev ntawm tus neeg ua lag luam Fonareva dej tsaws tsag rau hauv txoj kev, qhov uas nws tseem mus hnub no. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws twb launched zus tau tej cov "Kuznetsk antiquity" - periodic zos keeb kwm magazine. Nyob rau hauv 1994, lub tsev cia puav pheej qhib ib cov kev tshawb fawb tsev qiv ntawv nrog phau ntawv los ntawm tus sau los ntawm lub archaeologist los ntawm ze lub zos ntawm Prokopyevsk MG Elkina. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws tuav lub thawj exhibition nplooj siab mus rau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Siberian kos duab.

restoration

Tom ntej no tsim archives tsim thiab kuaj ib ntau yam ntawm miv. Nyob rau hauv 1998, nws nqa tawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub nyiaj - ib tug loj-scale ua hauj lwm rau reconstruction. Barnaul rooj vag thiab ob pob zeb polubastiona, cov tub rog 'barracks - qhov no yog dab tsi tau enriched ces Kuznetsk fortress. Novokuznetsk - nroog zoo nkauj thiab zoo kawg nkaus sawv, thiab los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd nws tau los ua dabneeg richer dua. Nws tau raug tuav no rau lub nroog hnub ua koob tsheej.

Tab sis hais tias yog tsis yog txhua txhua ntawm tej yam zoo uas pib tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Kuznetsk fortress. Metallurgists ntawm lub foundry ZSMK ua kaum ob replicas ntawm serfs phom uas yav tas los sawv ntawm no nyob rau phab xis, thiab ob tug bronze mortars, uas kuj muab tso rau ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv lub fortress. Thiab nyob rau hauv 2001, tib lub department muab lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog ob bronze replicas Kugorna mortars, uas yog tam sim no tsis muaj tsev nyob rau hauv lub ruaj khov exhibition. Ib xyoo tom qab, lub fortress yog yuav lwm lub txiaj ntsim - cam khwb cia hlau thiab plaub caug-phaus-phaus mortars rau phab xis.

nco

Nyob rau hauv 2002, cov phab ntsa tub rog barracks kuj tau txais ib tug tam sim no los ntawm lub foundry: nws muab tso rau ob memorial phiaj, uas yog teev cov npe ntawm cov neeg uas nyob hauv Kuznetsk, twb muab tsub lub George Cross. Thiab cov phab ntsa hauv lub fortress ib zaug dua Iwj nrog phom rau teb phab xis nrog hlau thiab bronze tej kas tham. Nyob rau hauv 2003 nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm ib tug plaster bust los ntawm sculptor E. E. Potehina, tom qab ntawd hloov los ntawm cam khwb cia hlau, nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Lieutenant General PN Putilova.

Bust kuj ua nyob rau hauv lub foundry ntawm lub West Siberian metallurgical Muab. Cov tsev khaws puav pheej exposition yog tas li tshiab nrog lub excavation khoom, teem ntau thiab ntau raug tus kab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov tub rog 'barracks, ib tug tag nrho seem nplooj siab mus rau tus naas ej kuznechaninu - artist Admiralty, uas ua nto moo nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov puas tawm xyoo dhau. Portrait reliefs thiab memorial phaj ua tag nrho cov tib metallurgical foundry.

Qhov thib ob theem ntawm kev tsim kho

Rau cov thawj rau lub hlis ntawm 2008 nws tau ua txawm los ze zog mus rau nws qub tsos Kuznetsk fortress. Novokuznetsk muaj ib tug tsis tu ncua loj-scale ua hauj lwm ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub nyiaj. Qhov no lub sij hawm rov qab los rau hauv lub qaum teb thiab yav qab teb ntau yam, thiab lub tsev yog lub tsev raws li mus rau tus thawj drawings ntawm cov thawj tub ceev xwm ntawm lub tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd nws nteg cov ntoo lub tsev teev ntuj, adorned no nws carvings nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Chief tub ceev xwm coj tsev loj keeb kwm exhibition rau Kuznetsky hmuv, Kuznetsk Kuznetsk fortress thiab defensive kab.

Thiab cov tub rog 'barracks lined nrog zoo kawg li zoo exhibition ntawm lub ancient keeb kwm ntawm lub cheeb tsam, qhov chaw uas muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv tau sau los ntawm lub excavations hais tsom - los ntawm lub Paleolithic, uas yuav siv sij hawm tus tuav mus rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum txhiab BC mus rau lub archaeological qhov chaw ntawm lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua AD. Lub exposition muaj lub entertaining keeb kwm reconstruction, uas tsom lub ancient inhabitants ntawm lub cheeb tsam, lub tsos ntawm uas tau raug txum tim rov los ntawm cov cranium. Novokuznechane hlub lawv tsev cia puav pheej.

Kuznetsk fortress

Nws los ua ib tug fortress rau nees nkaum xyoo, hais tias ntawm lub puas tawm xyoo dhau yog tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas, los ntawm 1800 mus txog lub xyoo 1820. Muaj tseem yuav ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm uas - deterring aggression ntawm Tuam Tshoj, uas yeej ib txwm ntsia nrog ntshaw (thiab tseem yog!) Nyob rau South Siberia thiab nws yog tiag tiag fertile av. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1846 cov tub rog keeb kwm ntawm lub Kuznetsk fortress tau ua tiav: tsov rog Department nws tau raug muab tshem tawm los ntawm qhov nqi koj tshuav ntawv. Nws redeveloped los ntawm tso ib tug tsev rau txim rau criminals, uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub fortress kom txog rau thaum 1919. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub Civil War, tag nrho cov vaj tse teej tug mus rau lub Penitentiary system ntawm tsarist, raug hlawv.

fort nws tus kheej ua tau ntev ua ntej cov ntsiab fortress - nws yog pib ntawm lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua. Nws siv thiab pab cov tsim ntawm lub tag nrho defensive system rau Mount Ascension (yav tas los nws tau hu ua Tombs). Fortifications ntawm lub thib kaum xya thiab xyoo centuries tau earthen los yog ntoo, thiab muaj ib tug heev tsoos rau cov sij hawm turret cim: yees nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter ntawm lub nroog, uas yog, lawv tsis tau tsuas yog tiv thaiv fort.

Ua ntej lub founding ntawm lub nroog

Ascension polubastion Kuznetsk fortress tseem ib feem ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab qhov seem ntawm ob peb yees. Thaum lub ntxa kev tu siab thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua yuav kis no phab ntsa nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li nws yog reconstructed nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm - ib tug moat khawb nyob rau hauv thiab ncuav tus ncej. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv Tsaw Chaw 1717 ib tug earthen citadel twb situated nyob rau hauv lub promontory ntawm lub roob. Nyob rau hauv 1689 lub fort twb tshaj tawm hais tias ib lub nroog, tiv thaiv qhov chaw ntawm lub "tawm tsam Kirghiz thiab Kalmyks" (raws li lawv hu ua lub Mongols, Suav, cov Altai thiab Shor), los ntawm Nws Majesty lub assent ntawm Nws Majesty.

Rau ntau fortified bastions cia li mus rau hauv lub txhab nyiaj ntawm lub Tom thiab sab qaum teb ntawm lub nroog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub thib ob nteg lub citadel, uas yog kev cob cog rua nrog lub nroog los ntawm ib tug ntoo phab ntsa, thiab nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws sab ntawm lub fortress ua tau ntawm tuab cav nrog tej ceg txheem uas tau tsav mus rau hauv. Txawm ces, raws li cov layout ntawm lub Kuznetsk fortress phab ntsa yog yim rooj vag thiab yog ze li ntawm ib ob thiab ib nrab mais. Plaub ncej citadel rov qauv ntawm cov mountainous ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Tomi, nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum ntawm cov nyiaj uas bastions thiab ob lub rooj vag nrog ntoo yees. Hauv lub citadel ntawm lub sij hawm nws yog tsuas yog ib lub tsev teev, ib lub tsev. Tag nrho cov rooj vag tau muaj kev tiv thaiv los haib phom. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv no layout ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tseem mus ua hauj lwm "Kuznetsk fortress". Novokuznetsk kuj xaiv mus recreate cov ciaj thiab cov tom qab tsos ntawm cov monument, nrog nthuav tej chaw tiv thaiv.

xyoo pua

Los ntawm kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua earthworks fort kiag Dilapidated, tab sis hauv lub nroog ntawm Kuznetsk yog mus txuas ntxiv nws noble lub hom phiaj raws li ib tug ruaj khov ntawm sab hnub tuaj flank ntawm lub linear frontier grandiose system ntawm ncua - los ntawm lub Caspian rau Altai. Yog li ntawd, nws tau raug npaj thiab pom zoo los ntawm tus Emperor Paul kuv txawj tej yam ntxiv tag nrho cov ntawm Kuznetsk tiv thaiv.

Peb yuav tsum tau yuav tshiab earthworks Tombs ntawm tus taw ntawm lub roob thiab rau nws cov sab saum toj. Nyob rau hauv 1800, kev tsim kho pib, thiab los ntawm 1820 th kiag kho Kuznetsk fortress. Novokuznetsk, uas nws keeb kwm pib thiab tsim ib txhij nrog lub neej ntawm lub chaw tiv thaiv tam sim no restores qhov kev xaiv no bastions qhov chaw.

Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim

Tag nrho tsev fuabtais nrhiav rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug elongated duab plaub, ntawm lub perimeter ntawm lub ntsiab shafts uas yog nyob redanami, uas tau sprinkled hauv du rau phom. Tombs nyob rau ntawm cov dhaus Cape Mount muaj ib tug ntxiv square redoubt, uas coj mus rau lub fortress ntawm ib tug ntev ncej nrog redanom. Thaum lub ces kaum ntawm raug teeb meem aggressors polubastiony hlua hauv sandstone nees nkaum meters thiab nruab platforms rau artillery.

Ntawm polubastionami heaving peb-storied cib xyuas seb puas pej thuam. Lawv siab tsim defensive kwj thiab shafts. Ntawm pre-uas twb muaj lawm vaj tse xwb lub tsev teev ntuj dim. Ua thiab kho lub tsev fuabtais nyob hauv nkuaj thiab pej xeem neeg ua hauj lwm ua hauj lwm.

hoary antiquity

Ua ntej yuav 1806, raws li ib tug txheej ntawm archival cov ntaub ntawv tsev cia puav pheej-Reserve, Kuznetsk fortress muaj tsuas yog ib tug pob zeb tsev - ib-zaj dabneeg guardhouse nrog ib tug high school cov hipped ru tsev thiab dormer qhov rais. Ua ntej lub tsev yog ib tug ntoo lub rooj muag zaub rau saib cov parade av. Guardhouse thaum lub sij hawm - tsis yog ib qho chaw ua hauj lwm rau short-term raug ntes, thiab cov guardroom. Lub tuam tsev no yog nyob ze ntawm lub rooj vag ntawm Kuznetsk. Feem ntau hauv lub tsev so cov tub rog los ntawm cov hloov uas muaj lub khwb.

Nyob rau hauv 1810 ib tug guardhouse kiag kho rau cov tub rog pw ib cib qhov cub, nruab nrog ntoo plag tsev. Thaum lub tsev fuabtais twb ploj mus los ntawm lub xeev kws muaj txuj ci, lub tsev ntawd tso tseg, decayed sai thiab nyob rau hauv 1869 muag rau seem. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1970 nws tau rebuilt dua. Attendance qub yog ib lub pob zeb hmoov magazine nrog ib tug Gable ru tsev nrog ob tug outbuildings. Nyob ib ncig ntawm nws sawv ib tug haib laj kab nyob deb saum toj no rau hauv lub cellar. Sod ru tsev nyob rau hauv 1810 tau sim nrog pob zeb slabs, nteg lub eaves rau dej kua.

tub rog tus barracks

Nws yog ib tug cib lub tsev nyob rau ib lub hauv paus ntawm lub pob zeb ua tau nyob rau hauv 1808. Kaum qhov rais tso raws tag nrho ntev ntawm lub façade nyob tog, lub-ru tsev siab, Gable, nrog rau dormer qhov rais, tau muab faib mas qhib siab ledge. Tag nrho barracks muaj ob qhov chaw, symmetrically cais, nrog cov cais qhov rooj nkag. Rhuab chav qhovcub. Nrog cov phab ntsa twb bunk bunks. Txawm li cas los, txoj kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev tsis tau deprived ntawm: raws tag nrho ntev ntawm lub stretched phab ntsa nrog arched qhib.

Muaj tau muab tso rau ob puas thiab xya caum cov neeg Biysk garrison thiab kev tsis taus pab. Tom qab lub abolition ntawm lub fortress raws li ib tug tub rog siv, cov tub rog barracks tau raug muab txij li thaum xyoo 1842 mus rau nws cov ntsiab lus ntawm criminals. Muaj ntau lub sij hawm hauv lub tuam tsev no yog reconstructed thiab kho, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1919 lub tsev lojcuj twb muab hlawv pov tseg los ntawm partisans. Yog li ntawd historic cov tub rog barracks rau ib ntev lub sij hawm mus nyob qhovtwg li. Nyob rau nws ruins nyob rau hauv lub 90 xyoo ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua tau ua heev heev excavations thiab pom ntaub ntawv dai kom zoo nkauj tsev cia puav pheej.

Ober-tsev tub ceev xwm

Lub pob zeb no lub tsev nyob plaub tub ceev xwm Bijskogo battalion nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub garrison fortress. Lub ib-storey tsev nrog ob tug lub qhov rooj nkag thiab kaum ib lub qhov rais ntawm lub ntsiab facade ua tau tej yam yooj yim, tab sis, raws li yog cov kev cai nyob rau hauv cov hnub, tsis yog tsis muaj cov frills. Ru tsev nrog chaw dim pa thiab khoob ntawm cov chaw nce, nrog washrooms, lobbies thiab zoo nkauj voos cub tawg nyob rau hauv ib thaj tsam chaw pov thawj.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub tsev muaj cuaj chav, tsib ntawm lawv thaj - nyob rau hauv ib tes, chav ua noj thiab nqi hluav taws xob chav tsev nyob rau lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv lub puas tawm xyoo dhau cov thawj ntawm cov tub ceev xwm lub tsev twb muab mus rau ib tug tub rog lub tsev kho mob. Lub tsev yog maj rhuav tshem, thiab nyob rau hauv 1905 nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw ua ib lub tsev rau cov tub ceev xwm thiab lawv cov tsev neeg. Tab sis qhov no tsev sai hlawv. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 2000, tus thawj tub ceev xwm lub tsev rebuilt.