Tsis thiab network chav kawm

Niaj hnub nimno Internet tes hauj lwm, feem ntau raws li ib tug 32-ntsis tus IP-qhov chaw nyob uas muaj ob qhov chaw - ib tug network ID thiab ib tug tswv tsev. Yuav kom txiav txim uas yog ib feem ntawm lub chaw nyob yog tus tswv tsev, thiab cov uas sawv cev rau ib tug network, ob txoj kev tau raug tsim. Tam sim no Internet muaj kev pab siv ib tug qauv ntawm cov Classless Inter-sau routing, raws li nyob rau hauv lub subnet daim npog qhov ncauj. Network cov chav kawm ntawv yog cov xub thawj muaj ib tug outdated qauv, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub hom twg.

IP-qhov chaw nyob ntawm ib yam khoom, seb nws yog ib tug neeg rau zaub mov los yog ib tug tsis tu ncua computer, uas yog zoo txuam nrog ib tug network lub npe. Converts lub npe mus rau ib tug network chaw nyob ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb DNS kev pab cuam, cov kev tswj sau npe. "Match" nyob rau lub network npe neeg rau zaub mov yuav tsuas yuav tau sau npe nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab no. Resources xws servers yog yeej muaj nyob rau cov pej xeem, thiab coj kom zoo dua ntawm lawv los ntawm hauv Internet.

Thaum hais txog nrog IP-chaw nyob, them mloog mus rau lub network kawm ntawv. Tag nrho huvsi muaj tsib, thiab txhua tus nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Class A yog siv rau cov loj heev ntiaj teb no tes hauj lwm. Mus rau hauv nws, thiab hauv Internet. Cov kab kev los ntawm cov hoob kawm no extends ntawm xoom 127 thiab muaj 126 tes hauj lwm. Ib tug ib tug-network muaj ntau tshaj li kaum lab units. Ua tau network qhia occupies xwb thawj yim me me, lub tshuav 24 khoom yog siv rau cov tswv tsev chaw nyob.

Tes hauj lwm Class B muaj medium-qhov loj qhov cov ntxaij vab tshaus uas nyob rau qhov chaw nyob ntau mus rau ib tug nqi ntawm 191. Ntawm no, tus IP-qhov chaw nyob yog muab faib mus rau hauv lub tib 16-ntsis qhov chaw. Ib feem npog lub identification number lub network, thaum lub lwm yam yog tshwj tseg rau tus tswv tsev. Lub network koom siab ua ke 65.534 ntawm. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv tebchaws los yog loj tuam txhab uas muag.

C chav kawm txhawb me me daim phiaj. Lawv nyob ib tug ntau ntawm qhov tseem ceeb mus txog 223. Nyob rau hauv lub network xov tooj yog cov thawj 24 khoom thiab tshuav 8-ntsis muaj chaw seem rau tus tswv tsev. Nrog lub network yuav haum mus txog 256 ntshav, ob tug uas yog tshwj tseg rau IP-mailings. Kuv yuav tsum tau ntxiv hais tias cov chaw nyob ntawm no peb cov chav kawm ntawv yog kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub routing thiab siv sub-tes hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no network. Uas yog vim li cas lawv yog hu ua "tiag tiag" los yog "dawb".

Tus so ntawm lub network chav kawm tsis ua si xws li ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm. D-tes hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv ntau mus txog 239. Lawv tsis siv kev nkag ntshav thiab yog nqa tawm yuav tshaj tawm hauv xov multicast IP-messaging. Class E tes hauj lwm kuj tsis muaj ntshav. Lawv ntau yam nce mus txog rau 255, thiab lawv sim.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov chav kawm muaj cov blocks ntawm chaw nyob uas tseg rau private siv. Lawv yog siv heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv private lub zos tes hauj lwm, yog li cov Internet, cov chaw nyob yog tsis routed thiab no hu ua "gray" los yog "private." Yuav kom tuaj koom nrog lub private LAN thiab tawm los ntawm lawv, lub ntiaj teb dav Web yog siv leej-router.

Txij li thaum lub saum toj no-piav network chav kawm muaj ib tug tsawg tus naj npawb ntawm tus IP-chaw nyob, siv rau lawv txaj muag. Lwm yam yog txoj kev nyob rau hauv uas lub xov tooj ntawm bytes yog tsis tas, thiab lub subnet daim npog qhov ncauj yog siv. Txawm li cas los, tus laus tus system yog tsis nco qab lawm. Nws yog piav nyob rau hauv ntau cov phau ntawv thiab chav kawm ntawv D thiab E chaw nyob yog tseem siv nyob rau hauv private.