Tuam tsev ntawm baalshamin thiab bela: puas lawm cim ntawm Palmyra

Ancient Palmyra nrhiav Hurrian kav Tukrisha. Thaum lub sij hawm, nws yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lub zos nyob rau hauv lub Syrian suab puam thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo nkauj pas dej mojsab qhua ntawm lub Syrian capital ntawm Damascus , thiab qhov loj tshaj plaws dej nyob rau hauv West Asia - Euphrates. "Qab zib Dej" Euphrates dej raws li txhais los ntawm lub Aramaic lus, generated ntau ntawm ancient civilizations.

Palmyra khiav hla txoj kev ntawm ntau caravans dhau los ntawm lub Syrian suab puam. Vim nws tswv yim qhov chaw, lub nroog prospered, txhab steadily thiab tau txais cov saib xyuas npe ntawm cov "niam tais ntsuab ntawm lub suab puam". Lub nto moo tshaj plaws vaj tse yog cov tuam tsev ntawm Bel Palmyra thiab Baalshamina.

Tuam tsev ntawm Bel

Qhov no ancient lub tuam tsev yog qhov loj tshaj plaws yam khoom nyob rau hauv lub Syrian Palmyra. Nws ua tau nyob rau hauv 32 BC, thiab pib ntawm nws txoj siv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub reign uas huab tais Tiberius. Cov tsos ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm Bel piv lub supremacy ntawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws, uas annexed Palmyra. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws tau los ua lub ntsiab sanctuary ntawm lub ancient nroog, tsa nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm lub zoo tshaj plaws kav saum ntuj ceeb tsheej bela.

Siv cov kev faib ntawm lub tuam tsev no tau ua ib lub cim ntawm kev sib sau ntawm East thiab West: lub sab hauv ntawm lub tuam tsev ua tau nyob rau hauv lub Middle Eastern kev lig kev cai, thiab nws facades yoog mus rau lub architectural nyiam cov Western rulers ntawm Palmyra. Nws yog assumed tias lub tuam tsev ntawm Bel tsim los ntawm architects los ntawm lub nroog ntawm Antioch.

Hauv lub tuam tsev no yog nyob yog ib tug, tab sis ib tug heev loj cheeb tsam ceremonial nrog. Nyob rau hauv nws cov niches loj saum ntawm lub gods ntawm Palmyra tau ntsia. Sab nraum lub tuam tsev tej phab ntsa twb dai kom zoo nkauj nrog zoo kawg li bas-reliefs thiab me me txhua thiab lawv capitals gilded bronze gleaming rau hauv lub ci tshav ntuj. Bas xwm ceremonial Procession kev, 7 ntawm lub solar system ntiaj teb 12 thiab zodiac qhia.

Thaum lub sij hawm, lub tuam tsev ntawm Bel tau ib tug ntau coj zoo, uas lub npe hu mus rau lub ntiaj teb no kom txog thaum 2015: avaricious Roman Emperor Aurelian thau txhua gilded bronze thiab coj nws mus rau lub capital ntawm cov Roman faj tim teb chaws.

Tuam tsev ntawm baalshamin nyob rau hauv Palmyra

Qhov no zoo kawg li kev cai dab qhuas tsev pib tsim nyob rau hauv lub 17th xyoo ntawm peb tus Tswv, thiab tsis ntev los no ua hauj lwm rau nws tsim tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 130, thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm lub Roman faj tim huab tais Hadrian.

Lub tuam tsev fij tseg rau lub zoo tshaj plaws deity ntawm lub Phoenician Baal, pe hawm thaj Semites. Nyob rau hauv lawv pantheon Baalshamin yog tus tswv tsev saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, thiab txib kom cov nag thiab los nag, ua tsaug rau uas withered los ntawm lub scorching hnub ntawm lub ntiaj teb los ua fertile. Lub npe ntawm lub tuam tsev Baalshamin txhais los ntawm Aramaic txhais tau tias "Vajtswv saum ntuj ceeb tsheej"

Baalshamin xam tau tias yog embodiment Supreme Vajtswv bela. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub xeem lub tsev, nws muaj ib tug me npaum li cas thiab tsis muaj tsev nyob deb ntawm qhov chaw sab ntawm txoj kev. Txawm tias qhov no me me sib txawv, ob lub tuam tsev tau ua nyob rau hauv tib lub antique style, XOV muaj ib tug Syrian lub teb chaws txog yam tshiab thiab lub yeeb koob mus rau lub Phoenician gods.

Txhua yam sab nraum lub tsev muaj tsim nruj heev, sawv tawm tsuas yog tus central facade nrog ib tug sib sib zog nqus rau-columned portico thiab ib tug portal uas muaj ib tug nplua nuj kho kom zoo nkauj. Pilasters adorned rau sab phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev. Txawm tias nws loj me me, lub tuam tsev yog ib qho impressive pom. Ua ntej yuav nkag mus kawm rau hauv lub tsev nws twb nyob rau cov nqe lus ntau ancient tsev ib lub thaj, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug yuav nyeem fij lub tuam tsev inscriptions. Lawv tau sau nyob rau hauv Aramaic thiab lus Kili.

Nyob rau hauv lub V xyoo pua AD, tom qab lub ubiquitous kis ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv ob lub tuam tsev los ua Christian churches.

Tuam tsev ntawm baalshamin - sanctuary ntuj kav

Baalshamin yog ib tug Phoenician Vaj tswv, uas disputed lawv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv bela. Raws li zoo raws li Bel, nws tsim nws triad, faib lub tuam tsev mus gods thiab Aglibol Malakbel thiab equated nrog lub Greek Zeus. Nws yog piav raws li tus tswv ntawm lub ntuj, thiab tau xwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug zoo kawg dav dawb hau, uas nws tis ncav us txog rau lub hnub, lub hli thiab cov hnub qub. Nws cim tau xob thiab pob ntseg.

Baalshamin twb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog venerated nyob rau hauv Palmyra, nws yog tsuas yog los ntawm nws, raws li cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub nroog depended rau ntawm seb tus pab los nag yuav dhau tshaj hauv cov suab puam struts. Thiab cov dej nyob rau hauv no, raws li koj paub - yog tag nrho.

XXI xyoo pua: kev tuag ntawm tus ancient lub tuam tsev ntawm Palmyra

Lub yim hli ntuj 23, 2015 militants ntawm cov neeg ua phem lub koom haum "Islamic lub xeev ntawm Iraq thiab lub Levant" (LIH) rhuav tshem cov tuam tsev ntawm baalshamin - lub tsev, qhov kev siv ntawm uas hnub ntawm lub xyoo 17 AD. Raws li Maamuna Abdoulkarim, lub taub hau ntawm lub Syrian xeev Department of Antiquities, cov neeg phem uas tau ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas ntawm explosives tuam tsev, thiab ces tag nws li, ua irreparable kev puas tsuaj rau lub ancient ntawm Palmyra cim.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov ua loj leeb kev nqis tes ua ntawm lub puab yog ib feem ntawm lub tuam tsev tag pov tseg thiab tus sab nrauv txhua ho cuam tshuam. Video thiab yees duab tuam tsev ntawm baalshamin, kev khuv leej puas yog ruam cov neeg phem tshwm sim los indignation tag nrho cov enlightened ntiaj teb no lub zej lub zos.

Lub yim hli ntuj 30, 2015 militants tag li lub tuam tsev ntawm Bel, kiag li rhuav tseg nws central ib feem.

Zoo ntxim nyiam kawg masterpieces ancient architecture sawv yuav luag 2 millennia nyob rau hauv lub kub hnub Middle East, tau raug puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv feeb.

Nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 2017, Palmyra twb tso tawm los ntawm LIH cov neeg phem. Syrian tub ceev xwm los restoration ntawm kev puas tsuaj monuments thiab lub tuam tsev ntawm baalshamin, thiab ces ua kom tiav cov kho tshiab ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm Bel. Nyob rau lawv re-creation yuav coj ib tug ntau ntawm lub sij hawm thiab nyiaj txiag, thiab nws yog ua tau tsuas yog ob peb xyoo lawm yav tom ntej, peb thiaj pom yawm masterpieces ntawm ancient architecture dua.