Tus thawj tiam ntawm computers: lub starting taw tes

Nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, lo lus "computer" txhais tau tias "computer". Nws yog nrog tus aim ntawm nqa tawm complex suav, thawj computers raug tsim.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub computer, raws li tej zaum nws yuav zoo li, nws muaj nws keeb kwm nyob rau antiquity. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus thawj computational cuab yeej ua tsis tau mus rau kev sib piv nrog niaj hnub, tab sis nws yog nrog lawv, thiab pib lub creation ntawm computer technology. Tus thawj lub cuab tam uas yuav pab cov neeg xav tau zoo-paub los ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj.

Ancient abacus yog ib tug ntoo phaj, sprinkled xuab zeb. Nyob rau hauv Russia, raws li ib tug loj lub cuab tam rau tej yam yooj yim teb thiab pawg siv pob txha decomposes rau hauv pawg. Txawm li cas los, txij li thaum lub hav zoov ntawm Russia yuav siv sij hawm ntau ntau centuries ua ntej peb tau nyob ze rau qhov creation ntawm lub computer.

Tus thawj tiam ntawm computers txuam nrog rau cov npe ntawm cov John von Neumann, Claude Shannon thiab Alan Turing - cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm ncaj qha qhov tseeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub computer technology. Feem ntau ntawm cov thawj computers tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1945 mus 1954 raws li ib tug xyaum ua tej yam los ntsuam xyuas ib co theoretical txaus. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws tau txais ib tug tshiab txoj kev loj hlob, ncaj qha mus txog rau cov lus qhia technology, science - cybernetics. Txog thaum lub 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nyob rau hauv lub rub cybernetics, cov kev kawm txuam nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm computer technology, xws li nws feem ntau pheej kev taw qhia - robotics thiab dag txawj ntse tsim muaj. Tus thawj tiam ntawm computers twb tsim raws li nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev hlab (zoo ib yam li cov neeg siv nyob rau hauv cov laus televisions), computers, nruab nrab-xyoo pua 20th, nws mus txog enormous proportions, ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib chav tsev uas yuav tsum tau kom haum raws li lawv.

Cov evolution ntawm lub computer muaj tsib yooj yim cov kauj ruam. Yog vim li cas nws yog ntau dua yuav pom tau tias yog lub sij hawm ntawm thawj tiam ntawm computers? Peb tsis txhob muab mus rau hauv tus account lub computational invention ntawm peb ancient pog koob yawg koob, raws li lawv yog, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, muaj tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm computer technology. Cov creation ntawm lub thawj computers, uas yog qhov chiv keeb ntawm cov niaj hnub lub computer, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau xws li ib tug science, raws li ib tug science, raws li ib tug tag nrho.

Cov qib kev loj hlob ntawm lub computer:

• 1945-1954, lub nroog - lub creation ntawm cov thawj computer raws li nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lug ntawm computer technology los ntawm John von Neumann - tus thawj tiam ntawm computers;
• 1955-1964, lub nroog - lub creation ntawm lub thib ob tiam ntawm computers raws li transistors, siv lawv nyob rau hauv thawj operating system, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cajmeem lus: Cobol, Algol, Fortran, lub rov tshwm sim ntawm computers rau cov muag khoom;
• 1965-1974, lub nroog - lub invention ntawm Microchips, thaum pib ntawm txoj kev siv ntawm ib tug semiconductor nco (RAM) nyob rau hauv lub computer, thaum pib ntawm loj-scale zus tau tej cov computers.

Thaum los ntawm 1975 mus 1985 yog ib lub sij hawm ntawm twj ywm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm electro-computers.

Txij li thaum 1985 pib ib lub sij hawm ntawm plaub tiam ntawm computers, computer technology txoj kev txhim kho los ntawm kev ua nws muaj peev xwm thiab txo qhov luaj li cas, VR thiab loj zus tau tej cov computers.

Lub tsib tiam ntawm computers nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm Japanese zaum qhia cov kev txhim kho ntawm uas twb muaj lawm ua qauv ntawm computers thiab cov creation ntawm computer technology, muaj peev xwm to taub txog cov neeg siv lub commands rau nws theem kev xav. Txawm li cas los ntawm tus neeg uas nqa tawm lub grandiose kev pab them nqi ntawm txawv teb chaws inventors los yog tsis, thawj tiam ntawm computers tau ua si ib qho tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yees ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej. Tus thawj computers, occupying loj loj thaj av thiab pib peb nrog ib tug tiag tiag dab, rau nkawv noj, yog qhov chiv keeb ntawm tag nrho cov peb li ib txwm PC. Yog tsis muaj lawv lub neej, tus tsim ntawm laptops, netbooks, ntsiav tshuaj, thiab lwm yam nws yuav tsis yooj yim sua.