Methane, acetylene yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam kev tshua uas muaj nqi

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov hydrocarbons, methane, acetylene, ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov tshuaj ua lag luam. Chiv lub methane tsis sawv cev rau tej tswv yim txaus siab. Nws tau raug hu thiab hav iav thiab phuam nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw uas nws yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Feem ntau, qhov no compound muab ib tug ntau ntawm cov teeb meem vim hais tias ntawm lawv lub cev thiab tshuaj zog. Tsis muaj kob thiab ntxhiab methane yuav ua rau ib tug neeg thiab ib tug me ntsis indisposition, thiab txawm loj lom. Tab sis heev teeb meem ntau heev rau nws muaj peev xwm mus coj roj tov nrog cua mus ua ib lub flammable cocktail nrog loj puas muaj peev xwm.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov methane pom muaj ntau txoj kev siv, zus tau tej cov no substance los ntawm kev lag luam yog ib yam uas tsis muaj nqi. Lub fact tias qhov no kev twb kev txuas tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho nyob rau hauv cov xwm, tab sis yog ib tug khub (sab) cov khoom nyob rau hauv ntau yam hauj kev ntawm niaj hnub tshuaj ua lag luam.

Berthelot nyob rau hauv 1860, yog muaj peev xwm mus nqa tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas tom qab tau txais lub zoo muaj tseem ceeb. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov hnub, ib tug txheej txheem uas tso cai rau mus nqa tawm ib yam tshuaj ua haujlwm methane> acetylene, tsis tau txais ntau npaum li cas tej yam txaus siab. Qhov tseeb hais tias qhov yuav tsum tau los xyuas kom meej muaj yog txaus nyob rau hauv acetylene carbide thiab tus qauv ntawm nws cov ntau lawm.

Niaj hnub nimno tshuaj lag luam muaj nyob ntau txoj kev los siv ntawm acetylene. Qhov no gas cutting, thiab siv nws nyob kaj lug tshuaj yaj, thiab siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov tshuaj. Acetylene thov nyob rau hauv muab ib tug ntau yam ntawm heev tebchaw thiab acetic acid, ethyl cawv thiab kuab tshuaj, roj hmab thiab uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons. Ib tug manifestation ntawm lub achievements ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua yog kev siv cov acetylene nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm polymers.

Ib opportune lub sij hawm mus nco ntsoov cov tshuaj hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm methane - acetylene. Elektrokreking thiab thermo-oxidative cracking - lub npe ntawm tus niaj hnub hauj dab uas ua yog acetylene los ntawm methane. Nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los cov ntaub ntawv, cov methane gas dav hlau kis tau los ntawm cov electrodes nyob rau hauv lub kub ntawm 1600 ° C thiab sai heev txias. Ua raws li cov thib ob txoj kev hloov methane - acetylene, ib nrab oxidation, nyiam lub tshav kub tso tawm los ntawm ib nrab combustion ntawm acetylene.

Nyob rau hauv lub qhuav saw, methane, acetylene, acetaldehyde kawg yam khoom tuaj los ntawm co tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm acetylene, uas yog tom qab hu ua tshuaj tiv thaiv Kucherov. Muaj ntaub ntawv acetaldehyde pom nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov acetic acid, aldehyde polymers, butadiene tooj ntawm cov organic tshuaj.

Tab sis lub substance nws tus kheej yog tsis zoo, acetaldehyde heev tshuaj lom txawm thaum ua ntawv thov rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Hais lus loj cua pollutant, uas pheej tsis tshua mus rau ntawm burning, piv txwv li, los ntawm kev haus luam yeeb los yog los ntawm lub tsheb exhausts. Ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas ntawm nws yog tsim los ntawm tshav kub kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam polymers thiab yas.

Tom ntej no saw methane, acetylene, benzene, chlorobenzene yog ntxiv kev paub ntawm active kev siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tshuaj industries hav iav los yog firedamp. Peb twb yeej paub lub tshua extract lub acetylene. Nws tseem raug nyob tsuas mus nqa tawm trimerization ntawm no gas, C2H2 dua tshaj tshuab txais hluav ncaig ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 400 degrees Celsius. Cov uas ua muaj txoj kev zus tau tej cov benzene mus ethylbenzene, cumene, nitrobenzene thiab cyclohexane. Hais txog peb feem pua ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog consumed nyob rau hauv qhov kev npaj ntawm linear alkyl benzenes. Tsuas yog ib feem pua ntawm benzene noj rau synthesis ntawm chlorobenzene. Rau lub hom phiaj no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm nws chlorination. Tej yam kev mob ntawm nws siv yog lub ntsuas kub ntawm 80-85 ° C thiab muaj cov hlau los yog hlau chloride.