Txhais tau tias kev qhia cov ntaub ntawv. Ua piv txwv qhia hyperbola, sib piv

Txhais tau tias kev qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv txoj kev no yog hu ua lub sij hawm "ke". Heev yog ib tug rhetorical daim duab, qhia los yog ib lo lus uas yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug figurative siab, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhim khu artistic qhia, paj lug cov lus. Ntau hom ntawm cov nuj nqis nyob rau hauv cov zajlus tej hauj lwm yog lug siv, lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv txhua hnub hais lus thiab kev hais lus. Lub ntsiab yam xws li tropes, xws li ib tug hyperbola, epithet metonymy sib piv ua piv txwv qhia synecdoche, irony, litotes, paraphrase, impersonation, allegory. Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog cov nram no peb txoj kev: ib tug sib piv, hyperbole thiab ua piv txwv qhia. Txhua txoj kev qhia yuav hu rau saum toj no hais nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem los sib tham nyob rau hauv kom meej.

Ua piv txwv qhia: kev qhia kom paub

Lo lus "ua piv txwv qhia" txhais tau tias "paj lug lub ntsiab lus", "hloov". Qhov no kab lus los yog lo lus, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug indirect nqi, raws li nyob rau hauv no txoj kev yog qhov kev kawm muab piv (unnamed) nrog lwm ntawm kev zoo sib thooj ntawm ib tug feature. Uas yog ib tug ua piv txwv qhia - ib daim duab ntawm kev hais lus uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov kev siv ntawm cov kab zauv thiab cov lus nyob rau hauv ib tug figurative siab rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib piv, kev zoo sib thooj, analogy.

Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev yog raws li nram no 4 hais: lub ntsiab lus teb los yog qeb; khoom tsis pub dhau ib tug muab qeb; tus txheej txheem uas tus kwv ua ib txog kev ua; daim ntawv thov txheej txheem kom meej qhov teeb meem los yog hla lawv.

Ua piv txwv qhia nyob rau hauv leksikologii - ib tug semantic kev sib raug zoo uas twb muaj lawm ntawm tej yam tseem ceeb polysemantic lus, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm kev zoo sib thooj (haumxeeb, lwm yam ntxwv). Feem ntau qhov no ua ib tug trope li ib tug zoo nkauj kawg nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej, yog li displacing tus thawj, tus thawj lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib lub tswvyim.

hom ntawm metaphors

Yuav kom paub qhov txawv ntawm nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub tshawb xav, uas qhia txog qhov ua piv txwv, cov nram qab no ob hom: diaphora (ie zoo, ib tug ntse ua piv txwv qhia), thiab epiphora (erased, li ib txwm).

Deployed qhov ua piv txwv yog nqa tawm li qhia siv kuj rau ib tug tag nrho cov lus raws li ib tug tag nrho los yog ib tug loj fragment. Ib qho piv txwv yuav muab raws li nram no: "Tsis muaj phau ntawv kev tshaib kev nqhis: nce huv lem tawm cov khoom uas muaj cov phau ntawv ua lag luam - lawv yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg sai li sai tau, tsis muaj sim."

Muaj kuj yog li ntawd-hu ua pom tau hais ua piv txwv qhia hais tias yuav manipulation ntawm kev qhia tsis muaj hais txog nws cov paj lug cim. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, raws li yog hais tias nws muaj txoj cai lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov ua piv txwv. Cov tshwm sim ntawm no siv yog feem ntau comic. Piv txwv li: "Nws poob nws txoj kev npau taws thiab mus rau hauv lub tram."

Metaphors nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm kev hais lus

Nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm artistic metaphors ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm, raws li peb twb hais, piav txog txoj ke, lub associative txuas ntawm lub ntau yam khoom. Metaphors raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua ntu peb xaav ua txhaum "nkag" thiab automatism ntawm lub narrative.

Nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm kev hais lus thiab siv lus yog cov nram qab no ob qauv, uas tsim nyob rau txoj ke. Hauv plawv ntawm cov thawj ntawm lawv yog cov personification los yog animation. Qhov thib ob yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub reification. Metaphors (lus thiab cov nqe lus) tsim los ntawm tus thawj qauv, hu ua personifying. Piv txwv: "te ua txhua yam rau hauv lub pas dej", "daus yog", "xyoo tau ya los ntawm," "dej sau," "txoj kev xav ploj tas", "lub sij hawm sawv tseem", "noj laj) Muaj kuj embodies qhov ua piv txwv (." Sib sib zog nqus siab "," hlau yuav "," hauv paus ntawm txhua yam kev phem "," nplaim taws "," txhais tes ntawm txoj hmoo ").

Language thiab ib tug neeg ntawm ntau yam no pathway raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog ib txwm tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm kev hais lus. Lawv muab cov imagery ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Thaum kawm ntau yam khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov paj huam yuav tsum ua tib zoo tsom xam dab tsi yog qhov artistic ua piv txwv qhia. Lawv ntau hom lug siv, yog hais tias tus sau phau ntawv nrhiav qhia qhov kev xav, tus kheej tus cwj pwm mus rau lub neej, rau txia ua lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm peb creatively. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov romantic tej hauj lwm raws nraim nyob rau hauv qhov ua piv txwv qhia txog txoj kev txawj sau ntawv tus cwj pwm rau tus txiv neej thiab lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv philosophical thiab puas siab puas ntsws lyrics, nrog rau muaj tiag, qhov no txoj kev yog indispensable raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm qhia kom paub txog ntau yaam puab paub, raws li zoo raws li cov kev qhia ntawm philosophical tswv yim ntawm tej paj huam.

Piv txwv metaphors tsim classical kws sau paj lug

Thaum AS Pushkin, piv txwv li, muaj cov nram qab no ua piv txwv qhia: "sneaks hli", "tu siab glades", "ua pa nrov npau suav," cov tub ntxhais hluas "tswv yim slyly."

Nyob rau hauv M. Yu. Lermontova: "hnov" tus vaj tswv ntawm lub suab puam, hais tias lub hnub qub nrog ib lub hnub qub, "lub siab dictates," "npau taws minds" cwj mem drives.

Nyob rau hauv FI Tiutchev lub caij ntuj no "npau taws" Caij nplooj ntoos hlav "khob" nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais, "tsaug tsaug zog" Twilight.

Metaphors thiab cov dluab ntawm cov cim

Nyob rau hauv lem, qhov ua piv txwv yuav ua tau lub hauv paus rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov cim dluab. Nyob rau hauv Lermontov, piv txwv li, lawv ua tej dluab, cim xws li "xibtes" thiab "Pine" ( "Nyob rau hauv lub qus North ..."), "Sail" (zaj paj huam ntawm lub tib lub npe). Lawv lub ntsiab lus - nyob rau hauv ib tug metaphorical likening ntoo thuv sail kho siab tus neeg uas yog tab tom nrhiav rau lawv tus kheej txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub neej, kev txom nyem los yog ntxeev siab, kev coj tus kheej lub nra ntawm nws nyob ib leeg. Metaphors kuj lub hauv paus ntawm poetic cim tsim nyob rau hauv lub paj huam thiab ntau lwm Symbolists.

Piv: txhais

Piv - qhov no txoj kev, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub assimilation ntawm ib co phenomenon los yog lwm yam khoom nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm tej yam ntau feature. Lub hom phiaj caum no txhais tau tias ntawm kev hais lus, - mus qhia rau tus kwv nyob rau hauv no tseem ceeb heev, tshiab rau qhov kev kawm ntawm kev daws sib txawv zog.

Faib kev sib piv: muab piv rau cov kwv (hu ua tus kwv ntawm kev sib piv), tus kwv (piv txhais tau tias) uas no kuas tshwm sim tab sis kuj yog ib tug ntau cov tsos mob (Comparative, txawv - "kev sib piv los luj"). Ib tug ntawm cov txawv nta ntawm no txoj kev yog lub mention txog hais tias, thiab hais txog lwm yam piv, ib qho tsos mob yog li qhia yog tsis tsim nyog. Nws yuav tsum tau txawv los ntawm cov kev sib piv ntawm cov metaphors.

Qhov no txoj kev yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lus dab neeg.

hom ntawm kev sib piv

Ntau hom ntawm kev sib piv no muaj. Qhov no yog ua lub tsev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov comparative turnover, uas yog tsim los ntawm koom haum "meej," "zoo li," "Yog hais tias," "ua li cas". Piv txwv li: "Nws yog ruam, xws li ib tug yaj, tab sis cunning zoo li ntuj raug txim." Muaj kuj asyndetic kev sib piv, uas yog proposals nrog ib tug puas nominal predicate. Ib tug nto moo piv txwv: "Kuv lub tsev - kuv fortress." Tsim los ntawm ib tus nyob rau hauv kev siv ntawm cov instrumental cov ntaub ntawv - yog, piv txwv li, "nws mus rau strut." Muaj tsis: "Tus sim - txhob tsim txom."

Ib tug sib piv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv

Piv li ib txoj kev dav siv nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm kev hais lus. Nrog nws qhia parallels, correspondences, zoo sib xws ntawm cov neeg, lawv lub neej thiab tej yam ntuj tso phenomena. Piv, yog li, raws li nws twb fixes ntau yam koom haum ua teb uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv.

Feem ntau, qhov no txoj kev yog ib tug associative array, uas yog yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav pom daim duab. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov paj huam "Yuav kom lub hiav txwv", sau los ntawm Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym, lub hiav txwv yog tus sau ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov koom haum nrog "geniuses" (Byron thiab Napoleon), thiab tus txiv neej nyob tag nrho. Lawv enshrined nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev sib piv. Matched suab ntawm lub hiav txwv, uas lub kws sau paj lug hais tias goodbye nrog "mournful" yws yws ua, phooj ywg, "hu" nyob rau hauv nws farewell teev. Cov kws sau paj lug Byron nyob rau hauv tus neeg pom tib yam qualities uas tam sim no nyob rau hauv "free nqe": qhov tob, lub hwj chim, indomitable, moodiness. Nws nkawd hais tias Byron thiab lub hiav txwv - ob beings ntawm qhov xwm tib yam: ib tug txoj kev ywj pheej-hlub, zoo siab, irrepressible, tej yam ntuj tso, muaj zog-willed.

Piv nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov paj huam

Nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov paj huam siv lug resistant sib piv uas sawv cev rau kev sib piv nrog tso siab rau kev lig kev cai siv nyob rau hauv tej yam teeb meem. Lawv yog cov tsis ib tug neeg, thiab npaum li cas los ntawm lub Tshuag pej xeem singer thiab storyteller. Nws yog zoo li tus ib tug qauv uas yuav muab tau yooj yim dua nyob rau hauv tsim nyog teeb meem. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus paj huam, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lus dab neeg nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm siv xws li ruaj khov kev sib piv. KUV Lermontov, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv nws "Song ntawm lub lag luam Kalashnikov" sau hais tias tus huab tais ntsia ntawm lub qhov siab ntawm saum ntuj ceeb tsheej "zoo li ib tug dav" nyob rau lub grey-winged "tus hluas nquab".

Hyperbole: Lus Txhais

Lo lus "hyperbole" nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab - yog ib lub sij hawm uas txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv translation "ib tug exaggeration", "surplus", "tshaj", "txoj kev hloov". Qhov no yog ib tug stylistic daim duab, uas yog ib tug txhob txwm thiab cuab exaggeration nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhim khu lub expressiveness thiab mus sab laj txog ib tug taw tes. Piv txwv li: "Peb muaj khoom noj txaus rau rau lub hlis," "Kuv twb twb hais tias ib txhiab lub sij hawm ntawd."

Hyperbole yog feem ntau nrog rau lwm ntau yam stylistic pab kiag li lawm, uas nws muab qhov kev tsim nyog xim. Nws yog ib tug ua piv txwv qhia ( "roob sawv yoj") thiab hyperbolic sib piv. Nws qhia tau hais tias qhov teeb meem no los yog cov ua cim kuj yuav hyperbolic. Thaj chaw uas ke raws li kev hais lus, nws cov style siv no raws li pathetic txais thiab romantic qhov twg hu rau ironically tej yam txaus siab.

Piv txwv uas siv hyperbole nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus - nws yog sayings thiab idioms ( "xob laim ceev", "ceev ceev, yam li xob laim," "Hiav txwv ntawm cov kua muag", thiab lwm yam). Lub enumeration yog ntev.

Hyperbole nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem

Hyperbole nyob rau hauv nqe thiab prose yog ib qho ntawm feem ancient artistic txoj kev qhia. Artistic nta ntawm no txoj kev ntau thiab ntau yam. Literary hyperbole uas yuav tsum tau mas mus taw tes kom tawm ib co exceptional zoo los yog thaj chaw ntawm cov neeg, cov txheej xwm, tej yam ntuj tso phenomena, ntawm tej yam. Piv txwv li, lub exceptional cim novice, romantic hero, yog hais txog los ntawm no txoj kev: ib tug muaj zog tub hluas pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug sib ntaus nrog ib tug tsov txaij sib npaug zos rival li muaj zog raws li no tsiaj qus.

zog hyperbole

Hyperbole, personification, epithet thiab lwm yam kab yuav nyiam cov xim ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv. Nta ntawm hyperbole nyob rau hauv uas lawv yuam kom peb coj ib tug tshiab saib portrayed, uas yog, los mus xav tias nws tseem ceeb thiab tshwj xeeb lub luag hauj lwm. Thawb rau ib thaj tsam ntawm credibility tsim, muab cov neeg, tsiaj txhu, tej khoom, tej yam ntuj tso phenomena "zoo" muaj supernatural zog, lub paths siv los ntawm ntau yam sau phau ntawv, qhia txog cov tsoos artistic ntiaj teb no tsim los ntawm sau ntawv. Qhia ntxiv lub hyperbole thiab tus cwj pwm rau tus creator ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm xwm - idealization, "nce" los yog, conversely, ridicule, tsis kam muab.

Ib tug tshwj xeeb lub luag hauj lwm no yog ua si los ntawm txoj ke nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm satirical kom pom tseeb. Lub satires, fables, epigrams paj huam 19-20 xyoo pua, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub satirical "chronicle" Saltykov-Shchedrin ( "Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm ib lub nroog") thiab nws cov fairy tales, nyob rau hauv ib tug satirical tshiab "lub Plawv ib tug aub" los ntawm Bulgakov. Lub comedies ntawm Mayakovsky "da dej" thiab "Kab laum" artistic hyperbole qhia lub absurdity ntawm lub cim thiab tej xwm txheej, qhov tseem ceeb lawv cov absurdity thiab vices, hais lus raws li ib tug caricature los yog caricatured duab.