Vaj duab puab: keeb kwm, theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab zoo-paub piv txwv

Yuav ua li cas feem ntau, taug kev los ntawm cov ntau yam chaw ua si, peb pom zoo nkauj incredibly tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab! Vaj duab puab tau kis vim lub sij hawm immemorial. Tam sim no nws yuav pom nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, nws yog nto moo heev, thiab yuav luag tsis paub hais tias mus rau lub pej xeem. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov no kos duab tau yeej ib txwm nqa ib tug lub hom phiaj, uas nyob rau ntau lub sij hawm raug muaj zog cov kev hloov. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua tsaug rau nws cov keeb kwm ntev, qhov no hom ntawm cov duab puab muaj ntau theem ntawm kev loj hlob. Tag nrho cov teeb meem yuav tsum zoo sib xws hais txog nrog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Vaj duab puab: general ntaub ntawv

Ua ntej koj yuav mus txhais tau cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov kos duab, raws li zoo raws li tham txog ib co ntawm nws cov salient nta. Yog li ntawd, qhov no duab puab yog ib daim ntawv ntawm cov yas. Nws yog tsim rau cov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm ntau yam vaj thiab chaw ua si tej qhov chaw. Tej khoom yuav ua tau kev loj. Interestingly, rau dab tsi ntxiv rau lub hom phiaj yog zoo li tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab? Dhau li ntawm tus yooj yim, zoo nkauj tivthaiv rau cov teb thiab chaw ua si khoom puab yuav ua tau raising los yog kev kawm muaj nuj nqi. Ib txhia cov khoom yog tsim nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav perpetuate lub cim xeeb ntawm tib neeg nto moo los yog ib qho tseem ceeb cov txheej xwm.

Qhov no zoo ntawm cov kos duab tau ntev tau pom zoo raws li ib tug ib txwm yog ib tug. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov nws yog manifested nyob rau hauv Western kab lis kev cai, qhov chaw uas koj muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau ntau yam zoo piv txwv. Nyob rau lawv yuav tsum tau tham tom qab. Tam sim no cia peb tig mus rau lub keeb kwm ntawm cheeb tsam no.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov duab puab vaj

Thawj yog tham txog thaum twg thiab nyob qhov twg no art daim ntawv xub pib tshwm. Yog li ntawd, raws li cov kws txawj, zoo nkauj duab puab (teb thiab chaw ua si) originated nyob rau hauv ancient Greece. Ces muaj qhov ntxov tshaj plaws paub lub vaj (nyob rau hauv Athens thiab lwm qhov chaw). Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no muaj ib tug kev lig kev cai rau decorate lawv nrog rau ntau yam sculptural khoom. Ib tug ntawm tus naas ej qhov chaw ntawm lub sij hawm - Academy vaj, nyob qhov twg lub dho philosophers.

Thaum hloov lub sij hawm no tuaj lub era ntawm Hellenism, vaj teb thiab chaw ua si khoom puab tau txais ob peb lwm yam. Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd nws tsis coj qhws zoo nkauj thiab lom zem nta. Paub cov piv txwv ntawm lub sij hawm - "Laus Neeg nuv ntses", "Leisure satire" thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

Nyob rau hauv ancient Rome, qhov no duab puab tau tsim ntxiv. Thaum nreg twb lossi kom nquag plias. Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau yam Roman vaj dai kom zoo nkauj exported los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws saum cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv - bronze, marble, gypsum thiab lwm tus neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ancient Rome, muaj xws li ib tug kev taw qhia raws li kev luam tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab ntawm ancient Greece.

Ntxiv theem ntawm kev loj hlob

Yog li ntawd, peb twb kawm txog yuav ua li cas zoo xeeb toj roob hauv pes teb puab. Tam sim no nws yog tsim nyog los ntxiv peb excursion mus rau hauv keeb kwm. Interestingly, nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance, nyob rau hauv tej lub teb chaws, xws li Italy, puab hloov zuj zuj ntau npaum li cas active tshaj lwm qhov chaw ntawm cov kawm Askiv. Nuj nqis tsim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw: nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam lossis loj thiab nyob rau hauv me me vaj. Lawv kuj siv los decorate tej khoom xws li chaw.

Nws yog vim hais tias Ltalis yog cov kos duab taw qhia tau borrowed los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws. Maj mam, cov kev cai ntawm dai teb thiab chaw ua si tau txais Fabkis, England thiab lub Czech koom pheej.

lub vaj

Muaj ntau lub vaj thiab chaw ua si pom zoo raws li txoj pearls yog tseem ceeb monuments ntawm kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam thiab yog nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv thiab kev ruaj ntseg.

Tshwj xeeb yog noteworthy yog cov baroque lub vaj. Lawv txwm yog precisely lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw ua si sculptures. Tsis tas li ntawd rau dai kom zoo ntawm ntsuab uas siv los vases. Zoo tshaj plaws piv txwv ntawm tias lub sij hawm - lub caij ntuj sov vaj, Versailles thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

Tom qab ib pliag, muaj classical toj roob hauv pes lub vaj. Yuav kom kho cov chaw ua si tau siv ho tsawg sculptural khoom. Thaum lub sij hawm no, ib zaug rov pib tsim cov nuj nqis ntawm lub gods ntawm ancient Greece thiab Rome, muaj ntau lub cim raug coj los ntawm cov haiv neeg. Ib tug piv txwv zoo meej ntawm classical vaj - Alabino tsev loj, nyob rau hauv lub Moscow cheeb tsam.

Nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua homestead thiab chaw ua si lossis hloov noticeably. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua lom zem ntau prevailed classicism, tab sis nws twb hloov maj academicism tuaj ib tug me ntsis rau yav tom ntej, thiab lwm qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, thaum ib tug monument nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov vaj, lig tsis zoo li lwm tus. Nws twb mob siab rau Krylov, tus sau ntawm tus naas ej fables. Nws yog nthuav tias cov duab puab tsis nyiam ib tug tsim los ntawm lub baroque thiab classical qauv.

Paub cov piv txwv ntawm lub vaj duab puab

Muaj ntau cov piv txwv ntawm no kos duab taw qhia. Ib tug ntawm lawv, uas twb tau hais saum toj no, - Lub caij ntuj sov vaj. Nws yog nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Muaj ntsia tus naas ej saum, xws li "hlub", "Justice", "Poj niam nyob rau hauv lub diadem," thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

Lwm zoo-paub cov khaub ncaws ntau - yog lub Tuileries nyob rau hauv Paris, qhov chaw uas nws kuj muaj ntau yam nto moo monuments ntawm kab lis kev cai.

Nws yog nthuav tias nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm twb nrov plaster sculptures. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog dai kom zoo nkauj Gorky Park nyob rau hauv Moscow thaum lub sij hawm lub Soviet lub sij hawm. Nws twb hu ua "Hluas nkauj nrog ib tug duav."

Nws thawj version twb tsim nyob rau hauv 1934. Nws raug txom nyem thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, ces rov qab los. "Hluas nkauj nrog ib tug duav" - haum zoo-paub kwv. Tam sim no nws yog tseem nyob rau hauv lub Gorky Park.