Wb tham txog tus nqi mis nqi thiab zoo li cas lawv yog siv

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm koj yuav kawm txog cov nqi, cov nqi ntawm cov mis, raws li zoo raws li to taub lub ntsiab lus ntawm lawv cov kev faib mus rau hauv ntau hom.

Cov nqi xa mus rau cov neeg nyiaj txiag uas yuav tsum tau siv rau economic kev ua ub no. Cais cov nqi (nqi mis muab hauv qab no) tau tam sim no xav hais tias txog nws cov kev tswj ntawm cov kev pab.

Cov nqi ntawm ntau lawm yog muab faib ua ob peb yam, nyob ntawm seb yuav ua li cas lawv yog cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov zis.

sawv

Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ruaj nqi txhais li cas cov neeg cov nqi, tus nqi ntawm uas tsis cuam tshuam rau lub ntim ntawm ntau lawm. Hais tias yog, lawv tus nqi yuav tsum yog tib yam li nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub enterprise nyob rau hauv thaum muaj xwm ceev hom, siab siv lub peev xwm ntau los yog, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, thaum lub sij hawm ntau lawm downtime.

Piv txwv li, xws nqi tej zaum yuav administrative los yog ib txhia xaiv cov khoom los ntawm cov nqi ntawm nyiaj siv ua haujlwm nqi (office nqi xauj tsev, nqi ntawm engineering thiab kev cov neeg ua, tsis muaj feem xyuam rau lub ntau lawm txheej txheem), neeg ua hauj lwm cov nyiaj hli, nyiaj pab rau kev tuav pov hwm cov nyiaj, daim ntawv tso cai cov nqi, software software thiab lwm tus neeg.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb kiag li tsis tu ncua, xws nqi tsis tau hu ua. Tseem, qhov ntim ntawm ntau lawm muaj feem xyuam rau lawv, tab sis yog tsis ncaj nraim, tab sis kov. Piv txwv li, ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv volume ntawm ntau lawm yuav tsum tau ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv qhov chaw cia, ntxiv txij nkawm mechanisms uas hnav sai.

Feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem economists feem ntau siv lub sij hawm "tsau nqi ntawm ntau lawm."

variables

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau tas cov nqi, nce mus nce los nqi yog ncaj qha proportional rau lub ntim ntawm cov zis.

Nyob rau hauv no hom muaj xws li cov raw cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv thiab lwm yam kev pab uas yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm manufacturing, hluav taws xob , thiab lwm yam hom ntawm cov nqi. Piv txwv li, los ntawm kev ua zus tau tej cov thawv ntoo 100 units, nws yog tsim nyog los yuav ib tug coj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas los ntawm uas yuav tsim lawv.

Cov tib nqi tej zaum yuav siv tau rau ntau hom kev

Thiab tib cov nqi tej zaum yuav muaj feem rau cov hom sib txawv, thiab, raws li, nws yuav muaj ntau nqi. Formula nqi, uas yuav xam xws nqi, kiag li paub meej tias no qhov tseeb.

Noj, piv txwv li, hluav taws xob. Cov qhov muag teeb, tshuab cua txias, kiv cua, computers - tag nrho cov khoom no, uas yog ntsia tau rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm, ua hauj lwm nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm hluav taws xob. Neeg kho tshuab khoom, cov cav tov thiab lwm yam khoom, uas yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm khoom muag, khoom, kuj kov hluav taws xob.

Nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj txiag analysis kom meej meej cais hluav taws xob thiab hais txog mus rau ntau yam hom ntawm cov nqi. Vim hais tias mus ua tau ib tug tseeb twv ua ntej ntawm yav tom ntej cov nqi, thiab kev noj mus rau hauv tus account tam sim no nqi yuav tsum muaj tseeb cais dab nyob ntawm seb cov kev siv ntawm ntau lawm.

General nqi

Tus nqi ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab tsau nqi no yog hu ua "tag nrho cov nqi". Lub xam mis yog raws li nram no:

Rhuav tshem cov ntaub = Ip + Iper,

qhov twg:

Rhuav tshem cov ntaub - tag nrho cov nqi;

Un - qhov chaw ruaj nqi;

Iper - nce mus nce los nqi.

Siv no Performance index yog txiav txim los ntawm lub zuag qhia tag nrho tus nqi theem. Nws tsom xam ntawm lub puab pub rau peb saib lub optimization txheej txheem, restructuring, kev txo los yog ua qhov ntim ntawm ntau lawm thiab kev tswj cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub enterprise.

Nqi nruab nrab ntawm ntau lawm

By faib lub sum ntawm tag nrho cov nqi ib chav tsev ntawm ua cov khoom koj yuav nrhiav tau qhov nruab nrab nqi. lub xam mis yog raws li nram no:

Yog = Rhuav tshem cov ntaub / Gn

qhov twg:

Isa - nruab nrab nqi;

Op - volume ntawm ua khoom muag.

Xws li ib tug kev ntsuas no kuj hu ua "tus nqi ntawm ib tug unit ntawm ua khoom muag." Siv qhov ntsuas no nyob rau hauv lub economic tsom xam, nws tseem tau mus to taub yuav ua li cas zoo lub tuam txhab siv nws cov kev pab rau ntau lawm. Tsis zoo li kev, qhov nruab nrab nqi, uas muab xam mis yog muab saum toj no qhia cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm nyiaj txiag 1 unit ntawm ua khoom.

marginal nqi

Yuav kom ntsuam xyuas lub feasibility ntawm kev hloov lub xov tooj ntawm cov khoom siv qhia, uas qhia txog cov nqi ib ntxiv unit. Nws yog hu ua tus "marginal nqi". Lub xam mis yog raws li nram no:

Ieper = (Io2 - Io1) / (OP2 - OP1),

qhov twg:

Ypres - marginal nqi.

Qhov no xam yuav pab tau heev yog hais tias tus tswj cov neeg ua ntawm lub tuam txhab tau txiav txim siab los ua kom ntau lawm tagnrho, expansion thiab lwm yam kev hloov nyob rau hauv ntau lawm.

Yog li ntawd, tom qab koj tau kawm txog tus nqi, tus nqi ntawm cov mis, nws yuav ntshiab yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv lub economic tsom kom meej meej paub qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm tus nqi ntawm yooj yim ntau lawm, thawj coj thiab cov kev tswj, raws li zoo raws li nyiaj siv ua haujlwm nqi.