Xim-coded nyob ntawm tej. Deciphering cable npav thiab hlau

Cov hluav taws xob ua hauj lwm - ib tug heev complex teeb meem uas yog zoo tshaj plaws sab laug mus rau ib tug kws nyob rau hauv daim teb no. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm muaj mus yuav cords, nyob ntawm tej thiab ntau yam cables rau installation yog tsim nyog los nkag siab txog lawv labeling. Ib tug hais txog ntawm tus rwb thaiv tsev khoom alphanumeric cipher yog cov nyob ntawm tej.

Tam sim no, txhua chaw tsim tshuaj paus nruab nrab nws cov khoom codes, rau cov neeg siv, tab tom nrhiav rau nws, tsis to taub dab tsi cov khoom yog ua, dab tsi yog qhov nyob mas voltage, lub hom ntoo khaub lig-section, raws li zoo raws li nta ntawm nws tsim thiab hom rwb thaiv tsev.

Yuav kom ua raws li cov tsis, tag nrho cov factories thiab Enterprises, koom nyob rau hauv raug hluav taws xob khoom uas yuav tsum tau siv ib tug thoob ntiaj teb txuj - GOST. Npav nyob ntawm tej kuj tso cai rau koj mus effortlessly qhia qhov chaw ntawm lub theem, zero, thiab nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub - thiab hauv av. Xav txog lub ntsiab hluav taws xob khoom rau lub lag luam.

cables

Electric cables tuaj nyob rau hauv ob peb cov ntaub ntawv, nyob ntawm seb cov kev siv. Tej zaum lawv kuj muaj xws li tooj liab los yog txhuas conductors, uas beams yog sau nyob rau hauv lub yam los yog txawv winding ntaub ntawv ua los ntawm yas los yog PVC. Tsis tas li ntawd, tej zaum kuj yog ib tug ntxiv tiv thaiv sheath ntawm lub steel sawb.

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov xim npav nyob ntawm tej tej zaum yuav kuj yuav sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, yog distinguished:

• RF cables uas kis xov tooj cua thiab yees duab Pib ntsais koj teeb.
• Tus tswj lub teeb liab rau cov kis los yog lwm yam pab kiag li lawm.
• Fais fab cables yog siv nyob rau hauv teeb pom kev zoo pab kiag li lawm rau cov kis ntawm cov hluav taws xob. Lawv yuav siv tau ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv domestic thiab nyob rau hauv lub sab nraud thaiv.
• Yuav kom hloov kev sib txuas lus cables siv, muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm kev ib tug tam sim no sib txawv ntawm cov frequencies.
• Lub automation tswj cables siv, uas yog tooj liab nyob ntawm tej uas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tiv thaiv ntaub thaiv npog, diverting cuam thiab tiv thaiv kom daim ntawv thov ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab kev puas tsuaj.

hlau

Cov khoom tsim ntawm ob peb nyob ntawm tej los yog tsuas yog ib tug, hu ua hlau. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob, yas kauj, hlau tsawg, tab sis kuj mus ntsib thiab ua tsis tau rho tawm.

Tam sim no, ntau nyiam yog muab rau cov nyob ntawm tej, uas nyob ntawm tej no yog ua los ntawm tooj liab los yog txhuas. Tej khoom uas yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob ua hauj lwm, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug lub cev muaj zog winding.

Aluminium nyob ntawm tej no tsis tshua muaj nqi, tiam sis cov loj disadvantage yog xav tau tsis yooj yim sua mus cuag lawv nrog lwm tus neeg, piv txwv li, tooj liab. Brassware zoo mas cov load, tab sis nraum zoov oxidize sai sai thiab yog kim heev.

Npav ntawm hluav taws xob nyob ntawm tej kuj nyob rau hauv lub npaj siv. Installation thiab siv dag zog yuam, ob sab hauv thiab sab nraum lub thaj chaw. Los ua ke, nyob rau hauv lem, yog siv nyob rau hauv sau ntawm hluav taws xob circuits nyob rau hauv cov laug cam los yog xov tooj cua cov khoom.

cords

Lub qaum comprises ob peb leeg nrog ib tug me me ntoo khaub lig seem uas muaj ntau intertwined nyob ntawm tej. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, qhov no hluav taws xob khoom hais tso tseg cords, kauj uas yog non-nws yog xim hlau.

Lub ntsiab kev siv hlua nyiaj rau kev twb kev txuas mus rau lub network uas muaj thiab khoom vaj khoom tsev.

Code tsab ntawv

Tej hluav taws xob khoom yuav tsum tau sau npe lo rau nyob rau hauv raws li GOST. Tus thawj tsab ntawv sawv cev rau cov khoom uas tus tub ntxhais yog ua. Yog hais tias nws yog tooj liab, tsab ntawv no tsis yog muab yog hais tias tus txhuas, nws yog cim los ntawm tsab ntawv "A".

Deciphering cable npav thiab hlau tus thib ob tsab ntawv piav qhia txog lub hom ntawm cov khoom los yog rwb thaiv tsev. Nws nyob rau ntawm lub hom hlau, yuav tau sau ntawv raws li "P", "M", "MG", "K", "Y", uas sib raug mus rau lub tiaj tus, mounting, mounting nrog saj zawg zog conductors, tswj nyob ntawm tej thiab lub mounting phem. Lub installation kuj yuav cim raws li "R" los yog "W".

Tom ntej no, peb tsab ntawv, hais txog ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas kauj cov khoom:

• "K" - Monofilament;
• "C" - fiberglass;
• "BP" los yog "P" - PVC;
• "F" - hlau;
• "E" - shielded;
• "P" - roj hmab;
• "KUV" - txha hniav laus;
• "T" - ib tug winding cab kuj nrog lub npog tas ib ce;
• "HP" los yog "H" - nayritovaya;
• "L" - lacquered;
• "G" - winding lub saj zawg zog nyob;
• "O" thiab "W" - Polyamide txhob lo lo ntxhuav raws li braid los yog kev rho tawm.

Cov nyob ntawm tej tej zaum kuj muaj ib tug plaub tsab ntawv, uas qhia txog tus tsim nta ntawm qhov hluav taws xob khoom:

• "K" - hlau armored nyob ntawm tej ntawm yeej tus ntoo khaub lig seem;
• "A" - asphalt hlau;
• "T" - rau ib yam khoom siv rau hauv cov hlab;
• "B" - armored ribbons;
• "O" - lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug tiv thaiv sheath;
• "D" - rau hlau - saj zawg zog, thiab cable - tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv.

Cov npav

Npav hluav taws xob nyob ntawm tej tug ntawm cov thawj lej qhia tus xov tooj ntawm cores, yog hais tias nws tsis tuaj kawm ntawv, tus neeg xyuas pib muaj tsuas yog ib neeg xyuas pib. Qhov thib ob thiab thib peb tug lej nruab nrab hlau loj nyob rau hauv millimeters square thiab ib tug nyob mas voltage.

grounding

Feem ntau ntawm cov xim ntawm cov nyob ntawm tej tsim los pab txhawb lub xov ua hauj lwm thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm nws siv.

Raws li cov kev cai ntawm hluav taws xob ntaus ntawv rho tawm hauv av neeg xyuas pib yuav tsum tau muaj ib tug greenish-daj xim. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, xim tej zaum yuav tsuas ntsuab los yog tsuas daj.

Rau earthing nyob ntawm tej xim npav yog thov yog longitudinally los yog transversely. Thaiv daim duab "av" yog feem ntau denoted los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv "RE", uas yog tej thaum kuj hu ib tug pes tsawg tiv thaiv.

zero

Qhov nruab nrab hu tsis muaj tus nqi voltage, tab sis tsuas yog ib daim ntawv qhia. Cov nyob ntawm tej xim yuav xiavlus los yog xiav zas. Xoom nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court daim duab yuav ua tau xws li lub «N».

theem

Theem neeg xyuas pib yog yeej ib txwm energized thaum nws yog kev cob cog rua rau lub network. Npav dawb lias theem conductors tej zaum yuav tsim nyob rau hauv ntau ntxoov ntawm cov xim - xim av, dub, cyan, ntshav, grey, thiab lwm tus neeg. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov theem conductors yog dawb los yog dub.

Cwj mem-neeg xyuas pib

Nyob rau hauv txhua thaj tsev los yog ib chav tsev yuav tsum nco ntsoov yuav av los yog vanishing thaiv. Tam sim no, qhov tseeb coj ntawm grounding TN-C-system uas muaj xws li combining hlau TNS. Cov nyob ntawm tej xim superimposed on xws li ib tug system, yuav kis tau los ntawm daj-ntsuab rau xiav.

Ua ntej peb yuav tsum faib cov neeg xyuas pib mus rau hauv ob log tsheb - PE thiab N, uas yog tom qab sib thooj, jumper nyob rau hauv nruab nrab los yog nyob rau lub ob npoo. Ces rov av tsheb npav PE thiab kos kuj.

Yuav ua li cas txhais tau av, nruab nrab thiab theem?

Tej zaum thaum lub sij hawm kho los yog kho ntawm xov yog tsim nyog los mus txiav txim uas hlau yog uas. Tab sis nws tshwm sim hais tias cov nyob ntawm tej nyob rau hauv cov xim no tsis yog ib qho pab pawg phooj ywg, txij li thaum vim rau qhov ntev kev pab cuam lub neej, los yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug luv luv Circuit Court yog tsis yooj yim sua.

Peb yuav daws tau qhov teeb meem no los ntawm kev siv ib tug ntswj ntsia hlau qhov taw qhia, popularly hu ua "tswj luam". Qhov no txoj kev no yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug ib leeg-theem network tsis muaj lub ntiaj teb hlau. Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum tig tawm qhov hluav taws xob rau yaj ob conductors nyob rau hauv sab thiab nyob rau dua hluav taws xob ntaub thaiv npog. Tom qab ntawd, coj qhov taw qhia ntswj ntsia hlau rau ib qho ntawm cov nyob ntawm tej. Yog hais tias lub teeb nyob rau hauv ", tswj tau uas" zes li, ntsig txog, cov hlau thiab yuav theem, thiab tseem yuav tshuav nyob - zero.

Yog hais tias peb-neeg xyuas pib thaiv rau lub ntsiab txhais ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov nyob ntawm tej, koj yuav siv tau ib tug multimeter. Qhov no ntaus ntawv muaj ob tug nyob ntawm tej. Yuav pib nrog nws yuav tsum tau teem mus rau ib tug me me voltage ntawm 220 volts. Tom qab hais tias ib tug hlau multimeter kho rau kev sib cuag nrog cov theem, thiab lwm yam los mus txiav txim hauv av los yog nyob nruab nrab. Yog hais tias ib tug thib ob hlau yog pom lub ntiaj teb hlau rau lub twj paj nruag readings yuav poob me ntsis hauv qab no 220, thiab yog hais tias pes tsawg, cov voltage yuav ceev tsis pub dhau lub 220 volts.

Ib tug thib peb txoj kev txiav txim nyob ntawm tej yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub nyob rau tes tsis yog ib tug ntswj ntsia hlau los yog ib tug multimeter. Qhov no yuav pab cov nyob ntawm tej, uas nyob rau hauv tej teeb meem no cais tawm lub kos yuav tsum khij rau xiav thiab xim xiav xim. Qhov seem ob pins yuav muaj ntau nyuaj rau txiav txim.

Yog hais tias ib tug ntawm cov neeg xim thiab lwm yam dub los yog dawb, nws yog tej zaum yuav muaj ib cov xim theem. Raws li mus rau lub qub qauv, dub-thiab-dawb xim nruab nrab yog cov av hlau.

Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li cov kev cai ntawm lub installation ntawm hluav taws xob khoom, dawb xim cim zajlus ntawm hlau.

Labeling DC Circuit Court

hlau npav lub network DC voltage muaj ib tug liab xim rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv, thiab dub - mus rho tawm. Yog hais tias lub network yog ib tug peb-theem, txhua theem yuav muaj nws tus kheej tej xim: liab, daj thiab ntsuab. Xoom thiab av, raws li ib txwm, yuav xiav thiab daj-ntsuab.

Yog hais tias lub cable nkag ntawm 380 volts, hlau theem yuav sib haum mus rau dub, dawb thiab liab rwb thaiv tsev thiab xim nruab nrab, thiab "ntiaj teb" yuav nyob twj ywm unchanged, raws li yog cov ntaub ntawv nrog ib tug network ntawm 220 volts.

Self-qhia kom paub txog tej

Tej zaum, rau cov tsis muaj ib tug haum xim, koj yuav tau nws tus kheej hloov cov xim ntawm lub tib lub hlau siv los mus hauv av, theem thiab av. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, seev suab npav nyob ntawm tej yuav pab tau heev.

Koj yuav ua tau me me tias nyob rau hauv lub nyob ntawm tej, uas muaj peev xwm tom qab yuav pab tau heev. Koj kuj siv tau kob hluav taws xob kab xev thiab qhwv lub hlau nyob rau hauv raws li cov npav.

Rau hnub tim, lub zoo kev thov rau thaum xaus tes tsho, uas yog kob yas hlab, muaj peev xwm ntawm tshav kub shrinkage. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm log tsheb nws tseem yog tsim nyog rau xa mus rau cov hlau xaus.