Xim Crystal - ib tug zaj sawv rau hauv lub khob

Crystal cov khoom uas muaj nyob ntau xyoo dhau los. Pom ntawm no - pom thaum lub sij hawm archaeological excavations tawg tsam ntawm lub khob. Point uas dawb lias siv lead ua vases mus rau lub hnub ntawm antiquity. Crystal khoom siv los ntawm lub Loos. Lawv luam, cov hlab ntsha, hniav nyiaj hniav kub.

Czech los yog dawb lias siv lead ua rau centuries zoo siab txiv neej. Nws tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Bohemia - ib cheeb tsam uas nws thiaj li tau los ua tus Czech koom pheej, rau nws, me ntsis yog paub. Yuav ua li cas yog lub neej ntawm nws cov inhabitants, raws li nws ntawd kub ntev li - peb tsis paub. Paub ntawm cov zaj lus qhia keeb kwm, hais tias ua ntej ua lub Czech koom pheej, nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub npe Bohemia.

Dawb lias siv lead ua iav hlaws

Lwm yam - Bohemian iav. Qhov no lub npe twb dim rau hnub no. Nto moo khoom los ntawm Bohemian iav yog npe nrov thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no. Nws yog ib tug check cov ntaub ntawv uas, dhau li zoo nkauj. Nws lub ntsiab feature - tus extraordinary iridescent xim, uas ua si nyob rau hauv lub rays ntawm lub teeb, xa mus rau hauv ib tug zoo heev silhouettes.

Nyob rau hauv txhua fab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, nws yog muaj nuj nqis ntau tshaj lwm yam iav. Tus thawj glassmakers uas muaj mastered rau tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim Bohemian iav, yog cov Czechs. Yog li ntawd, nws yog hu ua - Bohemian xim siv lead ua.

Crystal- khoom kim heev

Nyuam qhuav pib cov khoom los ntawm Bohemian siv lead ua muaj nyiaj mus yuav ntawm tag nrho cov. Nws suav hais tias ib tug nplua nuj yam khoom. Crystal tau tsuas yog tus ua nom ua tswv thiab cov nplua nuj. Commoners muaj ib yam dab tsi ntawm Czech iav twb tsis tau.

Thiab txij thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, txhua yam hloov lawm. Czech koom pheej yuav kev lag kev luam tsim lub teb chaws, tsim kev lag luam rau cov siv thiab ua cov iav. Txij li thaum lub thaum ntxov 90-ies ntawm lub XVI xyoo pua muaj tag nrho cov iav-tshuab rhiav. Thiab sai sai, dawb lias siv lead ua los ua muaj rau tus neeg zoo tib.

Hom ntawm Czech siv lead ua

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias muaj ntau ntau hom uas siv lead ua. Qhov no siv lead ua tej yam ntuj tso thiab industrially tsim los ntawm cov neeg. Niaj hnub no, muaj 4 hom uas siv lead ua:

1. Roob (ib yam khoom).
2. Barium.
3. Lead.
4. Calcium thiab poov tshuaj.

Muaj siv lead ua xim yog tsim los ntawm fusing lead oxide thiab silica, txuas nrog sodium, potassium thiab lwm yam ntxiv oxides.

Qhov no siv lead ua creation technology yog suav tias yog lub feem ntau nyuaj thiab heev txaus ntshai. Tsis ua raws li cov qauv thiab specifications tej zaum yuav ib tug tu siab tau.

Thaum tus siv lead ua yog manufactured siv lead thiab barium, yuav tsum siab heev kub xeeb 1500 degrees. Nws yuav siv ntau additives thiab silica xuab zeb. Nrog lawv pab, tsim lub muaj zog siv lead ua.

Cim xov iav

Xim siv lead ua "Bohemia" yog nto moo rau ib tug tshwj xeeb xov rau cov iav, uas yog cov founders ntawm lub ancient Loos. Qhov no carving nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm dai kom zoo nkauj nrog txawv cov hlab ntsha. Tom qab ntawd, cov txheej txheem no yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov iav khoom.

Tsev Hais Plaub jeweller ntawm huab tais Rudolf II yog thawj tug uas ua lug siv nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm lub ancient cov txheej txheem ntawm cov iav khoom, li no tau koob meej rau nws tus kheej, thiab khob tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no. Nws siv tau los ua nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb cov txheej txheem. Qhov kev txiav no-iav khoom nrog fine engraving, pob zeb diamond seb thiab puncturing.

Txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm, ib tug tshiab era ntawm cov iav-blowing. Cim, thawj style nyob rau hauv kos duab Bohemian iav txiav tawg khiav ri niab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Cov khoom ua los ntawm Czech siv lead ua tau zoo kawg chaw nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Thiab tsis ntev cov khoom tau ntxim tag nrho kev ua lag luam nyob rau hauv lub Middle East.

Tag nrho cov khoom ntawm Czech ntxias differed los ntawm cov khoom ntawm lwm yam craftsmen. Kuv ntaus lub kob siv lead ua, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov cim aesthetic kev zoo nkauj. Cov thawj uas pib kom tau Czech iav, yog cov Ottoman sultans.

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua VI Czech iav nws yog tseem tsis tau tus siv lead ua uas tam sim no. Nws tsis yog kom txog thaum lub kawg ntawm 1676, piv txwv li mus txog rau thaum tej lub sij hawm raws li ib tug iav blower, ib tug Briton los ntawm kev yug me nyuam, tsis tau sim nyob rau hauv lub Bohemian iav ntxiv lead oxide. Craftsman Rayvenskroft sim ntau txoj kev.

Nws nrhiav kom tsim ib tug muaj zog thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib tug zoo nkauj iav. Ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw ntawm cov thwmsim coj ib rab pob zeb diamond. Nws coj ib khob zoo nkauj, sonorous thiab check khoom.

Nrog lub advent ntawm cov iav nyob rau hauv lub thawj siv lead ua. Nws yog txawv los ntawm tag nrho cov lwm yam brilliance thiab zoo nkauj incredibly suab. Tom qab ntawd Czech glassmaker Mueller tau siv mus cuag Rayvenskrofta, thiab ces nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm 1684 muaj ib tug dawb lias siv lead ua, yog hais tias yuav ua li cas peb paub nws. Niaj hnub no, cov Czech koom pheej, siv ob txoj kev ntawm cov iav ntau lawm:

1. Bohemian iav.
2. Pleev xim rau cov iav.

Secrets ntawm Bohemian siv lead ua

Cim nco txog ntawm nws cov creation mus rau lub xyoo pua. Nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm Bohemian iav nws siv xwb cov laus technology ntawm nws lawm. Ua tsaug rau lawv, tom qab tua, nws yuav ntshiab, muaj zog, muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb ci.

Crystal yuav yog li raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm carvers thiab polishers. Tag nrho kev ua hauj lwm yog ua li cas nkaus los ntawm txhais tes, uas ua rau iav txim taws par nrog diamonds.