Yuav - ib tug me neeg nyob rau hauv Russia

Lub keeb kwm ntawm Kievan Rus yog nthuav thiab cim. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub feem ntawm cov pejxeem muaj tsis zoo sib xws rau cov nyob sab Europe. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav teb tau cov lus nug no: "Yuav - uas yog qhov no?" Yog li, tag nrho cov pej xeem ntawm ancient Russia twb muab faib ua ob sab: free thiab nyob cov neeg. Tus thawj qeb muaj rau sab saum toj aristocratic Society (Dukes, ua nom ua tswv), kev pab (combatants) thiab trading (tub txawj tub ntse). Qhov thib ob qeb yog ntau nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv, thiab muaj ob lub ntsiab kev pab pawg yuav tsum tau qhia: lichnozavisimye los yog qhev. Cov muaj qhev, leej twg, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau antiquity, twb tsis classical, thiab yawg suab tub qhe, thiab cov neeg lag kev luam nyob - yog yuav thiab ryadovichi thiab smerdy.

Code ntawm Kev Cai "Lavxias teb sab tseeb"

Cov ob pawg ntawm kev lag kev luam nyob pejxeem hais lus, tiam sis ib tug tseem ceeb heev keeb kwm qhov chaw - "Lavxias teb sab tseeb." Nws yog ib tug complex ntawm ancient cai ntawm daim ntawv sau txoj cai, uas yog ua rau ob peb centuries, pib los ntawm lub XI caug xyoo. Nws kuj yog lo lus teb rau lo lus nug: "Yuav - uas yog qhov no?" Tus thawj ntawm cov kev cai lij choj yog kaw Yaroslav Mudry uas yog ib tug prince ntawm Novgorod. Tom qab ntawd nws ntxiv tom qab txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg pej xeem Buffet nyob rau hauv Kiev. Ces nws cov me nyuam, princes Yaroslav, thiab tus xeeb ntxwv, Vladimir Monomakh, pab mus rau "Lavxias teb sab tseeb."

ib tug set ntawm cov kev cai rau feem ntau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxawg cai yuav, mus rau ib tug npaum li cas tus twg lesser - ryadovichey. Nws txiav txim tias tus purchase - ib tug rhiab qeb ntawm cov pejxeem. Cov kev sib raug zoo raws li txoj cai ntawm cov neeg thiab lwm tus neeg muaj ob qhov sib thooj thiab sib txawv.

General txoj hauj lwm ryadovichey thiab zakups

Tag nrho cov no yog hais tias lub dependence ntawm purchase thiab ryadovichey muaj ib qho nyiaj txiag hauv paus. Dawb txiv neej los yog Lyudin (nyob rau hauv lub terminology ntawm lub sij hawm), yuav ua ryadovichem yog tias koj daim ntawv cog lus - ib tug xov tooj, thiab lawv tau yuav - .. Yog hais tias koj noj Kupu, piv txwv li cov nuj nqis. Nws instantly devalued lub neej ntawm nyob cov neeg. Yog hais tias kev tua neeg ntawm Lyudin nyob rau hauv ancient Russia cia siab ib tug zoo ntawm 40 hryvnia, thiab cov purchase ntawm lub neej ryadovicha equated mus rau lub neej lub lackey thiab smerd thiab tsuas yog 5 hryvnia. Qhov no yog tus nqi ntawm lub zoo yog zoo tshaj plaws qhia txog cov dependence ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab tsis zoo tib pawg. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, peb raug kev txom nyem ntau purchase. Txhais lawv raws li nyob cov neeg xav tias tau muag mus ua qhev, thiab hais txog.

Cov kev sib txawv ntawm cov purchase thiab ryadovichami

Ntawm purchase thiab ryadovichami muaj ib tug tseem ceeb sib txawv. Ryadovich yog ib daim ntawv cog tooj, rau ib tug kev cai tswjhwm lub sij hawm, thiab nws hais tias "Lavxias teb sab tseeb" thiab nyob rau hauv tsis muaj tej yam yuav tsis muab muag mus ua qhev, piv txwv li. E. Ua lichnozavisimym.

Nrog rau Yuav ntawm qhov teeb meem no yog nyuab dua. Noj Kupu, tus txiv neej no yog nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm nws tus tswv. Lawv zákupy feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb ua hauj lwm los yog nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm cov nyuj. Mr tso cai rau lawv siv lawv tej khoom thiab Tshuag, tab sis yog hais tias tus purchase ntawm nws cov ports, nws nqa relying lub luag hauj lwm. Yog hais tias nws yog puas los yog nyiag lwm tus neeg tej khoom vaj tse, lub luag hauj lwm twb muab twb nyob Mr. Qhov no yog lwm feature ntawm cov kev sib raug teeb meem ntawm purchase, txog cov tsis muaj tag nrho cov cai ntawm cov pawg no ntawm cov pejxeem.

Tab sis, tsis zoo li ryadovicha, purchase yuav poholopit, t. E. Mus them nyob rau hauv kev ua cev qhev. Nws twb tso cai xwb nyob rau hauv ob tus neeg:

• Yog hais tias koj yuav ib yam dab tsi nyob rau sab nyiag;
• yog hais tias nws escapes ntawm nws tus tswv, thiab yog li zoo tsis kam rov qab mus rau cov nuj nqis-Kupu.

Yog hais tias nws tus tswv sim poholopit purchase tsis txaus raws li txoj cai hauv thaj av, nws yuav tau txais kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub princely lub tsev hais plaub.

Raws li txoj cai purchase tiv thaiv, tsis zoo li ryadovicha, spelled tawm nyob rau hauv ib co nthuav dav nyob rau hauv lub "Lavxias teb sab tseeb." Nyob rau hauv kev:

• purchase yuav tsis tau muag raws li ib tug qhev;
• nws yog tsis yooj yim sua coj cov cuab yeej nyob rau hauv nws muaj;
• nws yuav tsis tau muab rau nws los xaiv Kupu;
• yuav txwv tsis pub muab tej kev them nqi xauj tsev;
• nws yuav ua tsis tau tsim txom rau cov tsis muaj yog vim li cas.

Xws li purchase - nws yog yam tsawg kawg nyob tus neeg, tab sis, nrog kom meej meej tseg raws li txoj cai raws li txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub zej zog.

Tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm cov purchase

Yog hais tias ib yam ntawm cov kev cai no ua txhaum, nws yuav tau khiav tuaj rau tus tub huabtais lub tsev hais plaub thiab tshaj tawm uas tsis yog-raws li txoj cai. Qhov no tiv thaiv ntawm lub sam xeeb nyob rau hauv lub princely lub tsev hais plaub hais txog tias cov purchase - ib tug qub dawb tug txiv neej uas, muaj ua hauj lwm Kupu, yog tau rov lawv cov qub kev raws li txoj cai. Nws twb tseem pom zoo rau txoj kev teev lus tim khawv nyob rau hauv tsev hais plaub los ntawm lub thiaj-hu ua me me ce, t. E. Tsis loj heev mob. Tsis muaj lwm yam qeb uas yuav tsis ua lub dependent pejxeem.