Tsim, Science
Yuav ua li cas yog ib paj cell? Lub hlwb ntawm poob siab system
Cov tib neeg lub cev yog tsim los ntawm cov trillion hlwb nyob ib leeg hlwb muaj kwv yees li 100 billion neurons, ntau yam nrhiav thiab ntau thiab tsawg. Cov lus nug tshwm sim: Yuav ua li cas puas muaj tus paj ntawm tes, thiab yuav ua li cas nws txawv ntawm lwm lub hlwb nyob rau hauv lub cev?
Apparatus tshee hlwb
Zoo li feem ntau lwm yam tib neeg lub cev lub hlwb, hlab ntsha hlwb muaj ib tug nucleus. Tab sis yog muab piv rau lwm tus, lawv yog cov cim, raws li lawv muaj ib tug ntev, xov-zoo li ceg uas nqa paj impulses.
Lub hlwb ntawm poob siab system yog zoo ib yam li lwm yam, raws li kuj surrounded los ntawm ib tug cell daim nyias nyias, muaj ib tug ntxhais uas muaj noob cytoplasm, mitochondria thiab lwm yam organelles. Lawv muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv yuav tsum muaj cellular dab xws li protein synthesis thiab lub zog ntau lawm.
Neurons thiab paj impulses
Lub paj hlwb muaj qab haus huv. Paj - ib tug hnav ntawm paj hlwb. Paj hlwb kis tej yam lus qhia, hu ua ib tug neuron. Cov ntaub ntawv uas yog pauv mus rau lub neurons, hu ua paj impulses. Ib yam li cov hluav taws xob impulses yog kis ntaub ntawv ntawm ib qho zoo kawg npaum li cas. Muab ceev ceev taw axons ntawm neurons, tshwj xeeb coated myelin sheath.
Qhov no plhaub npog axon zoo li yas coatings rau hluav taws xob nyob ntawm tej thiab tso cai rau paj impulses mus sai. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug neuron? Nws muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb zoo uas tso cai rau koj mus rau kis ib lub teeb liab los ntawm ib tug cell mus rau lwm lub. Ib tug neuron muaj peb lub ntsiab qhov chaw: cov cell lub cev, dendrites thiab ib tug plurality ntawm ib axon.
hom ntawm neurons
Neurons feem ntau yog txwv kom muab zais rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub luag hauj lwm uas lawv ua si nyob rau hauv lub cev. Muaj ob theem pib hom ntawm neurons - lub piav thoob hlo thiab lub cev muaj zog. Piav thoob hlo neurons kev paj impulses los ntawm piav thoob hlo nruab nrog cev thiab hauv nruab nrog cev rau lub hauv paus poob siab system (Cns). Tsav neurons, on qhov tsis tooj, nqa paj impulses los ntawm cov Cns mus rau lub nruab nrog cev, qog thiab nqaij.
synapse
Qhov chaw nyob qhov twg lub axon ntawm ib neuron raws li lub dendrites ntawm lwm yog hu ua ib tug synapse. Neurons sib txuas lus nrog rau ib leeg los ntawm txoj kev ib tug electrochemical txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj tshuaj hu ua neurotransmitters.
lub cev ntawm tes
Tus ntaus ntawv yog ib tug hlab ntsha ntawm tes yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm lub cell nucleus thiab lwm yam organelles. Dendrites thiab axons yog kev cob cog rua rau lub cell lub cev, reminiscent ntawm lub rays emanating los ntawm lub hnub. Lub dendrites tau txais impulses los ntawm lwm yam paj hlwb. Axons kis paj impulses rau lwm lub hlwb.
Ib neuron yuav muaj phav phav ntawm dendrites, ces nws yuav txuas lus nrog phav phav lwm lub hlwb. Axon coated myelin sheath - fatty txheej uas txiag nws thiab tso cai rau mus rau kis ib lub teeb liab sai.
mitochondria
Teb cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas rau tsim ib tug paj ntawm tes, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov lub caij lub luag hauj lwm rau cov mov ntawm metabolic lub zog, uas muaj peev xwm ces yuav yooj yim pov tseg. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem no, tus thawj luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm mitochondria. Cov organelles muaj lawv tus kheej txheej thiab puab membrane.
Lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm lub zog rau lub paj hlwb yog qabzib. Mitochondria muaj cov enzymes yuav tsum tau mus hloov zib mus ua lub zog-nplua nuj tebchaw, tsuas yog nyob rau molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP), uas muaj peev xwm ces yuav thauj mus rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev uas yuav tsum tau lawv lub zog.
cov tub ntxhais
Ib tug complex txheej txheem ntawm cov protein synthesis pib nyob rau hauv lub cell nucleus. neuron nucleus muaj kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic cov ntaub ntawv uas yog muab raws li coded kab ntawm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Txhua DNA molecule muaj lub caj code rau tag nrho cov hlwb nyob rau hauv lub cev.
Nws pib nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais txheej txheem ntawm constructing protein molecules, los ntawm kev sau ntawv ib tug coj ntawm lub DNA code rau lub complementary molecules ntawm ribonucleic acid (RNA). Tso tawm los ntawm lub nucleus mus rau hauv lub extracellular kua, lawv ua lub protein synthesis txheej txheem, nyob rau hauv uas tseem koom thiaj hu ua nucleoli. Qhov no cais qauv hauv cov tub ntxhais, yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub tsev cov molecular ceg, hu ua ribosomes, muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv protein synthesis.
Koj puas paub yuav ua li cas rau tsim ib tug paj ntawm tes?
Neurons - yog lub feem ntau tenacious thiab ntev hlwb nyob rau hauv lub cev! Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev ntau tshaj ib tug lub neej. Lwm yam hlwb tuag, lawv yog hloov los ntawm tshiab sawv daws yuav, tab sis ntau neurons tsis tau hloov. Nrog lub hnub nyoog, lawv ua tsawg tsawg. Li no cov kev qhia uas hlab ntsha hlwb tsis tsim dua tshiab. Txawm li cas los, cov lig 20th xyoo pua cov kev tshawb fawb ua pov thawj cov lus rov. Nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub paj hlwb, lub hippocampus, tshiab neurons yuav loj hlob txawm nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus.
Neurons yuav ua tau loj heev thiab yuav muaj ib tug ntev ntawm ib tug ob peb meters (corticospinal thiab afferent). Nyob rau hauv 1898, ib tug zoo-paub cov kws nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb Kamillo Goldzhi qhia nws foundations - ribbon zoo li ntaus ntawv, specializing nyob rau hauv cov neurons nyob rau hauv lub cerebellum. Qhov no ntaus ntawv tam sim no tim lub npe ntawm nws creator thiab yog lub npe hu ua "Golgi apparatus".
Los ntawm yuav ua li cas rau tsim ib tug paj ntawm tes, nws yuav tsum tau hais tseg raws li qhov yooj yim yam ntxwv thiab tej chav tsev ntawm poob siab system, txoj kev tshawb ntawm tej ntsiab cai uas yuav pab raws li ib tug tseem ceeb rau kev daws teeb meem ntau. Qhov no siv tau mas cov autonomic lub paj hlwb, uas muaj pua pua lab ntawm interconnected hlwb.
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