Ionizing tawg - yog tej yam uas ionizing tawg ...

Ntawm tag nrho cov yam tseem ceeb rau lub nuclear tawg (shock yoj, teeb tawg, electromagnetic mem tes, tej kab mob sib kis, ionizing tawg), cov feem ntau txaus ntshai yog pom tias yuav tsum ionizing tawg. Qhov no mob siab heev gamma tawg, raws li los ntawm ib tug neutron flux uas yog tawm txim liab los ntawm ib tug nuclear tawg tsam rau ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm - lub chav nyob thiab kaum vib nas this. Nws yog lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hluav taws xob kev mob kev nkeeg.

ionizing tawg

Ionizing tawg, los yog ionizing tawg - ib tug kwj ntawm cov photons, elementary hais, fission tawg tsam atoms uas muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm ionizing lub substance, i.e. hloov hauv nruab nrab atoms los yog molecules rau hauv ions - zoo them hais. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm "transformation" tawg physico-tshuaj lom neeg thiab lom dab nyob rau hauv nyob ntaub so ntswg thiab cov ntaub ntawv, siv lead ua ntxaij ntoo puas lawm, muaj ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub molecular qauv. Puas voos kheej-kheej ntawm tob tob tawg yog qis dua lub teeb emission los yog poob siab yoj. Cov feem ntau txaus ntshai yog qhov chaw uas yog tsis pub dhau 2-3 km ntawm lub epicenter. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias elementary hais ntws sib absorbed los ntawm cov cua.

Xwm ntawm ionizing tawg

Yuav kom to taub li cas ib tug tob tob tawg ntawm ib tug nuclear tawg, nws yog tsim nyog los xav txog nws, thiab qhov no yuav tau mus thov mus rau lub qauv ntawm cov atom.

Atom - qhov tsawg tshaj plaws particle ntawm ib tug tshuaj caij uas muaj ib tug nucleus thiab orbiting electrons. Cov ntsiav, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj ob yam - lub protons thiab neutrons. Thawj nqa ib tug zoo nyiaj, tus thib ob - nyob nruab nrab. Vim qhov loj piv ntawm protons thiab electrons (tsis zoo them) feem ntau atom yog electrically nruab nrab. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub bombardment nrog neutrons tshwm sim tshuaj atom nucleus splitting mus rau hauv ob qhov chaw nrog rau cov kev tso tawm ntawm loj nyiaj ntawm lub zog thiab "chipping" ntawm elementary hais. "Ntshiv ntoo" neutrons, protons bombard lwm nuclei, thiab ces faib rau lawv nyob rau hauv ib nrab - pib ib qho uncontrolled nuclear cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Yog li, ionizing tawg - yog tsis muaj lwm yam tshaj li lub teeb ntawm "breakaway" elementary hais (uas yog tsis ces yuav tsum nrog lwm cov nuclei), thiab ib tug enormous nqi zog - electromagnetic los yog gamma tawg.

Ua rau hloov cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw ntawm cov qauv

Hloov cov qauv ntawm cov teeb meem - lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau xws li ib tug tsis zoo feem ntawm ionizing tawg rau nyob ntaub so ntswg thiab ntau yam uas tsis yog-lom cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no tshwm sim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm bombardment tshuaj "breakaway" neutrons atoms. Raws li ib tug ntawm xws li raug tus kab mob, raws li peb tau pom, yog ib tug tub ntxhais faib ua ob qhov chaw.

Tab sis qhov no tshwm sim heev tsis tshua muaj, vim hais tias ntawm no kuj zoo kawg zog yuav tsum tau muaj ib tug tob tob tawg. Qhov no thiab qhov no ib leeg xwb thiaj mus rau faib lub nucleus nyob rau hauv ib tug ruaj khov kev mob. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau kev hloov cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog ncaws tawm ntawm neutrons atom. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, qhov loj ntawm cov tub ntxhais yog txo, disrupted lub electromagnetic tshuav nyiaj li cas, thiab los nws, tus electron yog yuam kom "tawm" nws orbit.

Equilibrium yog rov qab los, tab sis tus atom acquires ib tug zoo xwb, vim hais tias cov xov tooj ntawm protons yog tsis poob nws - yog ionized substance. Nws yog pom tseeb tias lub ions yog tsis muaj peev xwm mus ua tau tib yam zog raws li lub atoms. Ntxiv mus, lub lwg me me ua tsis ruaj tsis khov, lawv lwj mus rau hauv monomers. Uas yog vim li cas cov nyhuv ntawm ionizing tawg li neeg tuag taus rau tib neeg.

tawg kev mob kev nkeeg

Loj koob tshuaj ionizing tawg nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tawg kev mob kev nkeeg provokes - kev puas tsuaj, kev puas tsuaj los ntawm tawg cov ntaub so ntswg. Nws muaj peev xwm tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm luv luv-term raug siab koob tshuaj los yog ntev raug tsawg mob siab heev. Raws li, puas yuav ua tau ntse thiab secretive. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tus kab mob nyhuv dejnum rau tib neeg lub cev. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm mob tawg kev mob kev nkeeg muaj feem xyuam rau tag nrho cov tshuab ntawm lub cev los yog ib tug kev hloov khoom nruab nrog. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, tej yam uas ionizing tawg "feeb meej" rau lub qhov quav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus kab mob yog nrog los ntawm yam mob loj heev ntuav, xeev siab, raws plab thiab lub cev qhuav dej. Ntxiv mus, lub cev yog tshuaj lom cell khib nyiab molecules. Muaj tuaj ib lub general intoxication.

Lub duration ntawm lub latent lub sij hawm ntawm hluav taws xob kev mob kev nkeeg los ntawm ib tug ob peb hnub mus rau ib lub hlis. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, tus neeg yuav luag tsis muaj lawm ua unwell, tab sis, ces los txog rau qhov siab ntawm tus kab mob. Qaug cawv tshwm sim, tsim kab mob, sharply txo zus tau tej cov ntshav thiab cov pob txha hlwb, muaj nws kim heev hemorrhage thiab kev tuag.

kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tuag tawg hauv paus ntsiab lus

Lub ntsiab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv tuag tawg yog lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv thawj hnub tom qab ib tug nuclear tawg tawg siv yog ntau tshaj ib tug ob peb hnub. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj ntau ib nrab-lub neej - feem ntau muab faib mus rau hauv luv luv-lived isotopes (feem ntau txaus ntshai), thiab xwb ces cov seem hais. Ntxiv mus, rau txhua txhua xya teev cov tawg theem yog txo tenfold. Nyob nrug deb - lub thib ob kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj. Ob chav deb ntawm lub epicenter thiaj li qib ntawm hluav taws xob 4 lub sij hawm. Tab sis lub ntsiab thiab feem ntau pheej yig txoj kev uas yuav tiv thaiv ib tug kuaj - Siv ntaub ntawv sib txawv raws li ib tug teeb meem rau cov ndlwg ntawm elementary hais. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev tiv thaiv cov khoom yog cov hlau lead, steel, ua vaj tse, cib, hauv av. Uas yog vim li cas lub chaw nkaum miv underground nyob rau hauv chav qab lawj tsev vaj tse.

Tawg tiv thaiv ntawm cov zaub mov

Kev pab tiv thaiv tiv thaiv tob tob tawg tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm tej rau cov ndlwg ntawm neutrons thiab gamma rays, tab sis kuj escorted khoom noj los ntawm radionuclides. Thawj qhov uas yuav tsum tau ua rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov zaub mov thiab dej - kom ua rau lawv mus rau hauv ib tug tuab plhaub. Qhov no yuav ua tau ib lub hnab yas, yas thawv, hlau ntim. Qhov no yog ua kom paub meej tias decomposition cov khoom uas muaj tsis tau muaj peev xwm txiav txim nyob rau cov zaub mov thiab ces tau rau hauv lub cev.