Yuav ua li cas yog lub dav hlau tus fuselage? Ib tug Circuit Court ntaus ntawv, yam ntxwv hais

Lub fuselage ntawm ib tug neeg nrog caij aircraft txuas lub tis, tus Tsov tus tw thiab nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub lub chassis. Nws yog npaj rau cov khoom, neeg coob thiab cargo. Dav hlau tsis muaj ib tug fuselage hu ua lub ya tis. Nyob rau hauv nws nyeem tas compartment yog txhua yam uas yog nyob rau hauv cov pa tsheb lub cev. Xav txog ntxiv kom meej li cas lub dav hlau tus fuselage. Cov duab no feem yuav tau hais nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

kev cai

Piav nyob rau hauv ob lo lus, cas lub aircraft fuselage, peb yuav hais tias qhov no txee. No feem ntawm cov aircraft kom tau raws li ib tug series ntawm yuav tsum:

1. Meej pem kev siv ntawm lub sab hauv volume.
2. Yam tsawg kawg nkaus luag.
3. Kom ntseeg tau txaus kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub cockpit thiab cov neeg coob pab.
4. Txhim khu kev qha Teplozvukoizolyatsiya thiab ceev ceev.
5. Yooj Yim ntawm unloading / chaw thau khoom.
6. Kom muaj chaw dim pa, teeb pom kev zoo thiab cua sov.

lwm daim ntawv

Aircraft fuselage geometry axisymmetric lub cev muaj ib tug tus tapering mus rau lub fore thiab aft qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv xws daim ntawv no, muab yam tsawg kawg nkaus deg hauv cheeb tsam rau muab me me. Raws li, qhov txo loj ntawm lub plating, cov kuj tsawg. Tsis tshua muaj qhov hnyav muab tej yam zoo thaum raug tshaj siab nyob rau hauv lub kaw cab. Txawm li cas los, rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm yog vim li cas, qhov no zoo tagnrho daim ntawv yog tsis hwm. Smoothness txhaum nkhaus, nyob rau hauv particular, xws ntsiab ntawm lub aircraft fuselage li alarm teeb, radar kav hlau txais xov. Qhov no nyob rau hauv lem ua rau muaj zog kuj thiab muaj zog hnyav. Cov nyhuv tib yam tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm tawm los ntawm ntws ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tus Tsov tus tw seem. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub tilting lub yog muab los ntawm kev ua los yog shortening ntawm lub nruab nrab kem thiab tus cargo daug.

loads

Piav dab tsi lub fuselage (daim duab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, qhia txog nws tus yam ntxwv), nws yuav tsum tau hais tias hais txog cov teebmeem uas nws tseem muaj. Thaum lub sij hawm tsaws thiab nyob rau hauv sib ntaus rau no tivthaiv yog:

1. Cov rog kis los ntawm kev cob cog rua lub Cheebtsam. Cov nyob rau hauv particular xws li tis, tsaws iav, feathering, powerplant thiab li ntawd.
2. Pawg inertial los khoom, cargo units uas yog ncaj qha nyob rau hauv nws.
3. Aerodynamic rog, uas yog faib nyob rau saum npoo av.
4. Inertial los ntawm nws tus kheej yuag. Nws muaj nws tus kheej aircraft fuselage qauv.
5. Cov rog ntawm ntau siab nyob rau hauv lub compartments ntawm cov khoom, ib tug pa alarm.

Tag nrho qhia loads yog kiag li balanced. Xav hais tias xws li ib tug fuselage hauv cov yam ntxwv mechanics, koj muaj peev xwm xa nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub thawv girder. Nyob rau hauv txhua seem ntawm nws muaj feem xyuam rau cov kab rov tav thiab ntsug rog, torque. Cov pa compartments ntxiv rau lawv ntev nrog siab.

rationality module

Cov zoo yog pom tias yuav tsum xws li ib tug aircraft fuselage tswvyim nyob rau hauv uas nws yuav tsum tau noj tag nrho cov loads qhia saum toj no rau sufficiently uas tsis muaj deadweight. Nyias-walled plhaub nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog tsau rau tus ncej qauv. Tag nrho cov rationality muab siv plating. Thaum lub point qhov twg lub fuselage ntawm lub aircraft, muaj zos aerodynamic rog, nrog overpressure, tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm quab yuam. Ib tug nyias-walled plhaub, cov yuav txhawb ncej hauv maximally satisfies cov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm layout yooj yim muab cov txheej txheem simplicity, kev kawm ntawv. Xws li ib tug ntaus ntawv yog xa mus rau raws li lub fuselage luag nyav. Yav tas los siv truss units. Lawv yeej tseem zoo poob luag nyav ntawm nws qhov hnyav. Yuav ua li cas yog lub dav hlau tus fuselage truss-hom? Sheathing nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yog kiag li cais los ntawm cov hauj lwm quab yuam. Nws yuav siv sij hawm tsuas lub zos aerodynamic loads. Yog hais tias peb tham txog dab tsi lub aircraft fuselage nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yuav muab txhais raws li ib tug ntxiv module, uas tsub kom lub yuag tag nrho ntawm lub tsev. Chaw truss ho complicates lub layout ntawm lub cargo. Tsis zoo ntawm no module tau nyob rau hauv lub fact tias lawv yuav tsis siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub aircraft. Lawv yuav tsum tau tsuas yog siv rau cov uas tsis-speed teeb apparatuses ntawm me me aircraft.

kev faib

Muaj peb hom kev aircraft fuselage:

1. Cladding.
2. Spar.
3. Stringer.

Lub ob txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv zoo thiab square ntoo khaub lig seem. Longitudinal teev nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tus fuselage ntawm lub aircraft muaj stringers thiab longerons. Encasing module nyob rau hauv tus ntoo khaub lig seem muaj xws li ntas. Lawv muab ib tug predetermined zoo preservation thaum lub sij hawm deformations plhaub thiab hloov cov feeb meej thiab faib loads. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tus aircraft fuselage, muaj tej yam nyob rau hauv uas yuav ua tau ib tug loj concentration ntawm cov rog. Yuav kom tiv thaiv deformation nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob yog teem tam ntas. Lub beam modules ntawm tej yam ntawm cov kev taw qhia yog pom kiag yuav tsum vov. Nyob rau hauv nws muaj yog ib tug tangent ntws effortlessly. Lawv tis nyob rau hauv cov kev coj ntawm cov sab nraud tej yam thiab tus ntoo khaub lig-sectional puab ntawm lub module. Sheathing siab txais torque. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub tangential txaus yog faib evenly tshaj lub perimeter. Lub plhaub yog li, feem ntau muaj odnozamknuty contour nyob rau hauv tus ntoo khaub lig seem. Nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw uas muaj cov ntawv txiav zoo nyob rau hauv lub plhaub, ntsia hwj chim ringing. Lawv muab nyob rau hauv cov chaw no cov kev hloov ntawm tag nrho cov kev siv zog.

Stringers thiab longerons

Lub longitudinal seem ntawm lub aircraft fuselage yog feem ntau tshaj nws tag nrho ntev. Ua ke nrog cov tawv nqaij lawv coj lub qub quav dag zog. Manufacturing ntawm stringers thiab spars zoo tib yam nqa tawm, raws li ib tug txoj cai, los ntawm bent los yog extruded profiles nrog txawv tus ntoo khaub lig-section. Longitudinal ntsiab muaj ib tug loj nruj. Thaum siab loads, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, yuav tsum tau ntsia puas spars. Lawv muaj xws li ob peb seem kev cob cog rua rau txhua lwm yam. Thaum edging txiav loj beams siv - longitudinal ntsiab ntawm lub thawv-section. Lawv yog ua los ntawm extruded seem, uas sib txuas lus nrog txhua lwm yam thiab cov phab ntsa hauv plating.

Khoov rau ob sab

Lawv yuav tsum tau siv tam los yog cov pa. Tsis ntev los no kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig-sectional puab ntawm lub module. Heavy-duty ntas yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm loj ntau ntawm kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv lub cev. Lawv yog cov ntshav, cov pob qij txha units, kho cargo, loj cov khoom, xyaw thiab thiaj li nyob. Nce kuj teem rau lub txwv ntawm lub loj qhib nyob rau hauv lub txee. Pa ntas muaj, raws li ib tug txoj cai, ib tug ncej qauv. Lawv yog ua los ntawm extruded los yog saj zawg zog ntawv. Tam ntsiab khiav lag luam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug kaw channel hlau ncej los yog kuv-section. Tangential txaus ua raws li ib tug cov nyiaj them yug cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lub thav duab yuav faib rau lwm cawv rau cov perimeter. Meanwhile nws ua rau lub khoov. Nws txhais nws tus ntoo khaub lig seem. Tus tsim ntawm xws li ib tug ncej yog monolithic los yog pab neeg. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw installation ntawm partitions tam bulkhead phab ntsa yog kiag li sewn mus. Nws yog txaus siab los ntawm tus kab rov tav thiab ntsug profiles. Sheathing rau ntawm tus ncej tej zaum yuav kuj ua tau ib tug kheej kheej plhaub. Wherein lub qhov cuab lub zog hais cov txheej txheem radially.

sheathing

Nws yog ua los ntawm daim ntawv hlau. Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv profile nto ntawm lub vaj tse nyob thiab secured. Cov pob qij txha los xij ntawm ib tug transverse thiab longitudinal qhov chaw ntawm lub module. Rau encasing tuag siv monolithic tav panels. Tsis ntev los no, kuj muaj ntau siv puas cov ntaub ntawv.

compound Cheebtsam

Sheathing yuav raug txuas mus rau tus ntas los yog stringers los yog ob qho tib si ntawm cov neeg, thiab lwm tus neeg. Ib tug thawj embodiment yog siv nyob rau hauv lub npog modules. Thaum attaching tsuas mus rau cov stringers siv riveted longitudinal nqaws. Tus ntoo khaub lig-kev twb kev txuas li tsis tuaj kawm ntawv. Qhov no pab cov aerodynamic thaj chaw ntawm lub module. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, me me thiab loads hauv ob sab phlu loses nws stability. Qhov no ua rau ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv lub tsim ceeb thawj. Yuav kom tiv thaiv no, cov plhaub yog feem ntau txuam nrog rau compensator ncej txuas - ntau Symptoms.

cov pob qij txha

Thaum girder fuselage spar tswvyim yog tau siv ntshav uas yog nyob heev dua lwm yam nyob rau lub longitudinal qhov chaw. Cov pob qij txha yog hu ua taw tes. Raws compound siv girder Stringer fuselages. Cov pob qij txha muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter ntawm tus ncej nrog yeem kho kom zoo losis tswvyim dabtsi daim tawv nqaij thiab stringers. Tebchaw xws fuselages yog feem ntau nqa tawm los ntawm txoj kev flanges. Xws li ib tug hlws ris muab ib lub hwj chim kev twb kev txuas rau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntsib contour.

Mounting units

Kev twb kev txuas ntshav teem rau tam ntas. Lawv ua tau cov nuj nqi ntawm lub hard disk. Vim rau lawv nws yog nqa tawm muab faib rau lub longitudinal loads. Taub ntshav yuav tsum sib txuas lus nrog lub hwj chim spars. Yuav kom txo tau tus luj ntawm lub fuselage qauv yog tsim nyog los txo tus nqi ntawm cov tam ntas. Nyob rau txhua xws caij tej zaum yuav positioned ob peb sibtham txuas cov ntsiab lus.

tis

Raws li ib tug kev feature ntawm kev kho cov qhov chaw ua hauj lwm pab ntsuas qhov dabtsi yog khoov moments nyob rau hauv lub sib koom tes ntawm lub tis panels. Yuav muab suav hais tias ib tug muaj kuab balancing ntawm txoj cai thiab sab laug hais rau ntawm qhov chaw, dhau los ntawm lub fuselage. Rau lub hom module spar txaus nco lub longitudinal neeg - rau lawv yuav muaj ntsuas qhov quav. Yuav kom xa ib-daim thiab tis lub thawv los ntawm lub vaj tse yuav tsum xeem dhau tag nrho ntawm lub hwj chim vaj huam sib luag. Yog hais tias rau ib co yog vim li cas ib tug pass los ntawm cov fuselage ntsiab yuav tsis muab los siv, qhov dabtsi yog khoov moments rau ntawm txoj cai thiab sab laug yuav tsum raug kaw nyob rau hauv lub load-tau cov kabmob ntas. Cov tshuaj no, txawm li cas los, yuav tsum muaj ntaub ntawv mus rau ib tug tis spar, raws li tus xov tooj ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lawv yog me me. Monoblock thiab coffered Cheebtsam yuav tsum tau ib tug ntau dua tus naj npawb ntawm tam ntas. Nws yog ib heev nyuaj ua rau ib tug tsim. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob nws yog advisable siv cov spar tswvyim.

Kiel

Nws mount yuav tsum tau ib tug yuav tsum hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm lub dabtsi yog khoov ntshis rau lub fuselage. Rau lub hom phiaj no txhua longitudinal keel neeg kev cob cog rua rau lub hwj chim ncej txuas. Yog hais tias tau, koj muaj peev xwm siv lub mast spar hom bookmark nyob rau hauv ob lub ntsiab lus. Lawv muaj ib tug qhov siab ntawm tus ncej. Xub-zoo li tus longitudinal neeg muaj ib tug so nyob rau hauv cov kev tshuam cheeb tsam nrog nws. Nws yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau installation ntawm ntxiv qhov cuab lub zog. Nws yuav zam nyob rau hauv rooj plaub yog hais tias tus ncej yuav tau muab tso rau obliquely mus rau lub axis ntawm lub fuselage uas lub dav hlau yog ib tug continuation ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv lub spar. Tab sis lub realization ntawm qhov kev xaiv no yuav tsum tau nrog los ntawm tej yam teeb meem.

cutouts

Lub hauv paus yog ib feem ntawm lub aircraft fuselage muaj xws li qhov rau lub qhov rais, qhov rooj, hatches, teeb, log dej. Tag nrho cov kev txiav nyiaj ua txhaum lub kaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij contour. Raws li, qhov stability yog significantly txo thiab lub cev muaj zog. Pab kom txawm peem rau losses raws qhov nkhaus ntawm lub keeb yog dhau ib tug ncej txhav edging. Nrog me me qhov ntev ntawm cutouts nws yog ib tug monolithic qauv. Nws yog tsim los ntawm daim ntawv ua los ntawm stamping los yog txwv tsis pub. Okantovyvayut loj qhov rau hauv lub xaus ntawm tam ntas. Longitudinally mounted kab teeb. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv tsis tuaj mus rau qhov kawg nyob rau hauv lub caij so thiab tshaj lub tam ntas. Qhov no saib kuas ib tug nruj heev tab ntawm lub longitudinal qhov chaw. tsaws iav tsau mus rau lub tam tav thiab spars nyob rau hauv lub qis ib feem ntawm lub cev.

Pa alarm

Thaum ya rau siab altitude nyob rau hauv uas ntev li siab yog khaws cia. Yuav ua kom yam tsawg kawg nkaus hnyav airtight cabins khiav lag luam rau lawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug kheej los yog ib tug kheej kheej nrog kheej kheej bottoms. Nws yog tsim nyog los ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev, uas yog nyob rau ntawm lub hlws ris ntawm feem. Qhov no yuav tsum vim hais tias nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug loj heev compressive load. Cov pa alarm Alarm nrog ib tug load ntawm ruaj siab tsis undergo dabtsi yog khoov deformations. Nws ua hauj lwm tsuas nyob rau hauv nro. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, hais tias pwm rau Retreat. Qhov no nyob rau hauv lem ua rau ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv hnyav ntawm tag nrho cov qauv. Los xyuas kom meej qhov tsim nyog rigidity tiaj vaj huam sib luag siv los dabtsi yog khoov. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm overpressure, lawv yeej txaus siab los transverse thiab longitudinal kab teeb (tav). Lug txhim khu lub rigidity ntawm cov lus pane yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nyuaj Siv. Lub booths yuav tsum tau xyuas kom muaj txhim khu kev qha sealing ntawm tag nrho cov bolted thiab riveted pob qij txha. Rau lub hom phiaj no, ib tug tshwj xeeb daim kab xev. Impregnated nrog sealant, mastic promazyvayut tsis-qhuav, coated nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb compound, ua raws li los ntawm qhuav. Thaum lub hlws ris ntawm lub plhaub phiaj no yuav siv multi-kab RIVET pob qij txha nyob rau hauv me me increments. Tshwj xeeb yog ua tib zoo ua hermetic hatches, qhov rai, teeb, lub qhov rooj. Sealing yog muab los ntawm kev siv tshwj xeeb rau kev sib khi txhais tau tias. Nws yuav ua tau roj hmab bands, daim kab xev, tshuab hlab, gaskets.

Yuav tsum tau tej yam ua

Yuav ua kom raws li cov kev uas yuav tsum tau uas siv rau lub aircraft fuselage, ib txhia txiav txim yuav tsum tau ua. Cov muaj xws li:

1. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm xws parameter qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov sab nraud casing ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv uas luag yuav muab txo kom tsawg li tsawg, thiab qhov tseem ceeb volume feem, yuav tsum pom.
2. Siv ib tug lifting fuselage. Vim lawv tsim ib tug tseem ceeb nqa. Qhov no ua rau nws tau txo qhov nyhav thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub tis.
3. Meej pem kev siv ntawm pab volume. Qhov no yog tiav los ntawm nce lub layout ceev, compact kev tso kawm ntawm tus load nyob rau hauv lub center ntawm loj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav txo tau qhov loj lub sij hawm ntawm inertia , thiab txhim kho maneuverability yam ntxwv. Narrowing lub ntau yam ntawm variation ntawm chaw ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thaum roj burnup, txawv embodiments ntawm chaw thau khoom muab ntau dua stability thiab zoo tuav.
4. Tuab si lug fuselage hwj chim circuits thiab units txuas thereto. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum yog khov kho kho, thiab ntsuas kis tau tus mob loads ntawm lub dag lub zog mej zeej ntawm lub tis, yuav tsaws iav, empennage units mus rau lub tsev.
5. Muab I / O kev kab ntsab ntawm cov neeg coob, coob uas xam nrog, berthing, loading / unloading ntawm cov khoom, khoom siv, cov khoom npaj rau kev thauj mus los.
6. Muab kev yooj yim mus kom ze rau ntau yam units. Qhov no yog tsim nyog rau kev soj ntsuam thiab kev kho.

Rau cov neeg coob thiab coob uas xam nrog cov tsim nyog tej yam kev mob yuav tsum tau tsim, raws li zoo raws li ib tug kom theem ntawm kev nplij siab thaum lub sij hawm lub davhlau nyob rau high school altitudes. Yuav tsum tau yog los xyuas kom meej lub suab thiab tshav kub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cabins, nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab ceev thaum muaj xwm ceev tawm ntawm lub alarm. Neeg coob kuj xis tej yam kev mob yuav tsum tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv kev, ib tug zoo txheej txheem cej luam ntawm tus pilots yuav tsum muaj, yooj yim uas ya davhlau thiab aircraft tswj.