Yuav ua li cas yog lub nthab - ib tug yuam nyiaj khaws tseg lossis ib tug zoo tshuaj?

Lawv inhabitants paub ntau yam uas sau ntawv thiab cov suab paj nruas tej hauj lwm uas muaj tswv yim bohemian lub neej ntawm Paris: cov neeg pluag nyuab thiab musicians nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws plag tsev ntawm lub tsev, qhov twg tsaus ntuj nti thiab nqaim staircase, uas yog tsis txaus lub teeb, thiab muaj tsis muaj cua sov. Yuav ua li cas yog lub nthab nyob rau hauv thawj kev txiav txim zoo ntawm lub sij hawm? Space nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev ntawm high-sawv vaj tse, uas yog siv rau tsev neeg xav tau kev pab, thiab tswm qhov twg cov neeg uas muaj txaus cov vaj tse yog tsis pheej yig.

Los ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm architecture

Ru tsev ntawm lub medieval zos, them nrog vuas, muaj ib tug ntseg nqes hav ntawm lub-ru tsev, thiab lub ru tsev chaw tsim heev tseem ceeb cov nqi. Nyob rau hauv nroog qhov chaw nyob yeej ib txwm tau ib tug tshaj, txhua txhua thaj pem teb sau se, thiab qhov siab ntawm lub tsev ntsuas rau cov eaves. Yog li, dab tsi yog qhov nthab rau nroog tsev XVII xyoo pua? Nws yog ib txoj kev tau txais net profit.

Lub tswv yim rau siv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev rau thaj yug los rau Fransua Mansara (1598-1666), tiam sis qhov no kes duab vajtse ua ntev kev siv ntawm xws li ib tug txheej txheem, lub tsev nyob rau hauv Paris tsev nrog ru tsev uas muaj ib tug yam ntxwv khoov. Tom qab nws vaj tse txhua txhua kes duab vajtse nco ntsoov hais tias qhov no nthab. Ru tsev muaj ob sab ntawm lub caj slopes ntawm ob dav hlau uas sib txawv qhov chaw siab tshaj, nws tau mus tsim ib tug tshaj plaws ntim ru tsev qhov chaw uas lawv yuav haum thiab ob tug nyob theem.

txhais

Nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, ib tug mansard hu ua heev hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub-ru tsev, lub feem ntau nquag siv Mansart, thiab ib tug hoob nyob sab sauv hu ua rau tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm lub qab nthab ntawm lub sab sauv pem teb mus rau lub ru tsev, yog hais tias nws yog siv rau vaj tse, uas yog nqa tawm rwb thaiv tsev ntawm phab ntsa thiab ru tsev muab tej yam ntuj tso teeb pom kev zoo, nws yog tsim los nrog ib qho yooj yim nkag tau mus siv ntawm cov theem sab (feem ntau yog staircase) tsim hniav finish chaw.

Ntxawg ntaub ntawv kuj kom meej meej txhais li cas rau saum nthab. Txiav txim tias muaj SNP 2.08.01-89 muab los tsev nyob rau hauv lub nthab qhov chaw, lub dav hlau tsim los ntawm lub-ru tsev - zij los yog tawg - nrog rau txoj kab ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov ntsug phab ntsa ntawm lub façade thiab lub ru tsev dav hlau yog inclined ntawm 1.5 'meter' los ntawm cov nthab pem teb.

tsim Kev Cai

Lub peev xwm siv lub nthab pem teb yog xam raws li nram no:

• ib tug> b + 0,7 x c, qhov twg
  
  thiab - hauv pem teb cheeb tsam nrog ib tug qhov siab ntau dua tshaj li 2.5 m,
  b - chav chaw nrog ib tug qhov siab ntawm 1.1-2.5 m,
  c - chav chaw nrog ib tug qab nthab qhov siab ntawm 0.8-1.1 m.

Nws yog nyob rau hauv tej yam, cov kev siv ntawm cov nthab yog suav tias yog siv tau, txawm hais tias xws nuj nqis yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, kev coj tus kheej ib tug pom zoo.

Teeb pom kev zoo nthab - ib tug tseem ceeb heev lo lus nug, uas yog zoo tshaj plaws sab laug mus rau cov tub txawg. Feature yog kom raug xam glazing cheeb tsam: lub ntxiv qhib yuav ua rau kom ua cua sov rau tsis yog tshwj xeeb yog impressive. Tom qab tag nrho, dab tsi yog qhov nthab nyob rau hauv lub tsev, los yog ib qho chaw nyob qhov twg sov huab cua nce los ntawm lub qis dua theem? Nyob rau hauv kev xam xyuas cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub teeb apertures yuav tsum xav txog qhov txawv cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm cov pa qhov rais, ntsia nyob rau hauv lub ntsug phab ntsa - nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub nthab feem ntau nws Gables facades - dormer qhov rais, hnov thiab skylights ntsia tau rau hauv lub ru tsev nqes hav.

Nws yuav tsum tau ua raws li tej proportions rau hauv pem teb cheeb tsam piv thiab lub cheeb tsam teeb apertures:

• thaum muab lub qhov rais nyob rau hauv lub ntsug lug - yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 1: 5.5, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus piv - 1: 8;
• 1:10 tso cai thaum ua ntawv thov skylights;
• Installation dormer qhov rais ntawm lub sib sib zog nqus slopes poob lub teeb rau 2/3 raws li muab piv nrog ib tug ntsug qhov rais.

Qhov xwm ntawm tus nthab qhov chaw yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb mloog mus daws ntawm cua teeb meem. Niaj hnub nimno ntaub ntawv rau lub ntaus ntawv vov tsev "ncuav qab zib" thiab hlauv taws xob yuav pab kom daws tau qhov kev teeb meem.

Cov kev siv ntawm cov ntoo lug nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub nthab normalizing cov ntaub ntawv lees ntawm tab sis muab antipiriruyuschey txua ntoo thiab lub tsev qhov siab ntawm 75 m.

Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm lub nthab

Feem ntau, cov kev pab cuam ntawm lub ntaus ntawv nthab pem teb qhia economic xav txog kev teem, ib tug tsim nyog siv ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub siab architectural zoo ntawm xws li ib tug constructive tshuaj. High aesthetic zoo ntawm xis undercovering qhov chaw pom los ntawm cov duab uas qhia txog dab tsi nthab. Diam duab ntawm zoo kawg li interiors chav pw, cov me nyuam chav thiab nyob rau saum theem, yog impressive.

Nyob rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb muaj feem xyuam rau cov ob lub ntsiab yam tseem ceeb: nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho penthouse nyob rau hauv lub reconstruction ntawm ib tug uas twb muaj lawm lub tsev los yog nws siv yog muab nyob rau hauv lub npaj lub tsev.

Reconstruction ntawm uas twb muaj lawm tsev nyob

Yog hais tias lub nthab yog tab tom ua nyob rau hauv ib tug uas twb muaj lawm lub tsev, qhov kev nce zoo tshaj yuav yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv cheeb tsam yog txaus nyiam, nrog rau cov kev siv sib thiab luv-nqi ntaub ntawv thiab designs uas tsis yuav tsum tau siv ntawm hnyav khoom, yog li no yuav tsis muaj rau resettlement ntawm cov neeg nyob. Qhov no qauv nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho ntawm lub nyob ntawm nroog infrastructure yuav ua tau txaus nyiam heev.

Piv txwv li, dab tsi yog qhov nthab rau Khrushchev? Qhov no yog ib tug heev txawv theem ntawm kev nplij siab thiab kev tsis txaus siab, thiab yog hais tias tsis yog rau cov hnyav system ntawm kev sib koom tes, uas ua rau tej kev nqis peev unprofitable thiab uas thiaj li lub sij hawm ntev nyiaj txiag kev pab rau kev tsim kho ua hauj lwm rau ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus, muaj ntau yam cov laus vaj tse tej zaum yuav tau yuav ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm ntau xis nyob qhov chaw.

Spectacular architectural txoj kev

Muaj ntau yam kev xaiv rau architectural siv ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev. Nws hloov heev nkag siab txog dab tsi lub hoob nyob sab sauv. Tsev duab uas yuav pom nyob rau kev tsim kho chaw, qhia tau tias nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev yuav tsum tau nyob feem ntau txaus nyiam thiab xis chav, ntawm txawv cov hom phiaj. Nthab tsev rau cov neeg pluag tau los ua ib tug tshwj xeeb "nti" - nthuav dav ntawm lub tsev, mus pab tau txoj nws architectural tsis txaus siab.