Yuav ua li cas yog lub transcription hauv ib? Qhov no theem protein synthesis

Kev kho nyob rau hauv Biology - ib tug multi-kauj ruam cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nyeem ntawv ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov DNA, uas yog ib tug constituent ntawm protein biosynthesis nyob rau hauv lub cell. Nucleic acid yog cov cab kuj ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub cev, ces nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau decipher nws thiab hloov mus rau lwm cov cellular lug ntxiv assembling peptides.

Lub sij hawm "transcription hauv ib"

Protein synthesis yog ib tug loj tseem ceeb heev txoj kev nyob rau hauv tej cell ntawm lub cev. Tsis muaj tus creation ntawm peptide molecules yuav tsis muaj lub neej zoo, t. Rau cov organic tebchaw yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov metabolic dab, yog yam ntxwv Cheebtsam ntawm ntau ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob, thiab ua si ib regulating teeb liab thiab ib tug tiv nyob rau hauv lub cev.

Cov txheej txheem, uas yuav pib nrog lub protein biosynthesis, yog lub transcription. Biology luv luv faib nws mus rau hauv peb theem:

1. Pib.
2. Elongation (kom RNA saw).
3. Txiav.

Kev kho nyob rau hauv Biology - yog ib tug stepwise cascade tshua uas ua nyob rau hauv DNA template tsim RNA molecules. Thiab yog li tsim tsis tsuas qhia ribonucleic acids, tab sis kuj thauj, ribosomal, me me nuclear thiab lwm tus neeg.

Raws li cov kev biochemical txheej txheem, transcription nyob ntawm ntau yam tseem ceeb. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, yog enzymes uas txawv nyob rau hauv prokaryotes thiab eukaryotes. Cov tshwj xeeb cov nqaijrog pab pib thiab nqa tawm transcription tshua meej, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau muab high-zoo protein tso zis.

transcription ntawm prokaryotes

Txij li thaum trankriptsiya txog biology - yog lub synthesis ntawm RNA rau ib tug DNA template, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem no mas enzyme yog ib tug DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Nyob rau hauv cov kab mob, muaj yog tsuas yog ib hom ntawm polymerases rau tag nrho cov molecules ntawm ribonucleic acid.

RNA polymerase raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm complementarity sau RNA strand siv template DNA saw. Nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm no enzyme muaj ob tug β-subunits, ib α-subunit thiab ib tug σ-subunit. Thawj ob lub Cheebtsam ua raws li enzyme lub cev tsim, thiab tshuav ob yog lub luag hauj lwm rau tus tuav cov enzyme mus rau lub DNA molecule thiab tus nrog paub txog neeg pab txhawb feem ntawm deoxyribonucleic acid, ntsig txog.

Incidentally, sigma zoo tshaj yuav yog ib tug ntawm cov thaj chaw uas paub txog ib tug noob. Piv txwv li, Latin tsab ntawv σ index N txhais tau tias lub RNA polymerase paub lub noob uas muaj nrog ib tug tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm nitrogen nyob rau hauv cov ib puag ncig.

Traskriptsiya nyob rau hauv eukaryotes

Tsis zoo li cov kab mob, tsiaj txhu thiab nroj tsuag transcription tshwm sim nyuab dua. Ua ntej, nyob rau hauv txhua ntawm tes tsis muaj ib tug tab sis peb sib txawv ntawm cov RNA polymerases. Cov lawv:

1. RNA polymerase I. Nws yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub transcription ntawm ribosomal RNA noob (tshwj tsis yog rau lub 5 ribosomal RNA subedinitsv).
2. RNA polymerase II. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los ua ke lub cev ntaub ntawv (matrix) ribonucleic acids, uas yog ces muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tawm.
3. RNA polymerase III. Cov kev ua ntawm no hom ntawm polymerases yog coj los ua ke ribonucleic acid thauj, thiab 5-ribosomal RNA.

Secondly, rau tus nrog paub txog ib tug neeg pab txhawb nyob rau hauv eukaryotic hlwb nedostachno tsuas polymerase. Thaum pib ntawm transcription kuj muab kev koom tes tshwj xeeb peptides, hu ua TF-proteins. Tsuas yog nrog lawv ntawm ib tug RNA polymerase yuav siv sij hawm pib ntawm DNA synthesis thiab RNA molecules.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm transcription

Lub RNA molecule uas yog tsim nyob rau ib DNA template, tom qab uas txuas mus rau lub ribosomes qhov twg nws yog nyeem ntawv nrog cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov tsim protein. Tus txheej txheem ntawm tsim ntawm lub peptide yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub hlwb, raws li tsis muaj cov organic tebchaw yuav ua tsis tau lub neej zoo: lawv yog cov feem ntau lub hauv paus rau lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws enzymes ntawm biochemical kev tig cev.

Transcription hauv ib - nws tseem yog ib qhov chaw ntawm rRNA, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub ribosome thiab cov tRNA, uas yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub thauj cov amino acids thaum lub sij hawm txhais lus ntawm cov uas tsis yog-daim nyias nyias lug. Tej zaum lawv kuj yuav tsim snRNA (me me nuclear), uas nws muaj nuj nqi muaj nyob rau hauv splicing ntawm RNA molecules.

xaus

Neeg txhais lus thiab transcription hauv ib si ib qho tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm cov protein molecules. Cov dab tseem ceeb rau lub hauv paus dogma ntawm molecular biology, uas hais tias nyob rau lub template DNA yog tsim RNA, thiab RNA, nyob rau hauv lem, yog lub hauv paus rau thaum pib ntawm lub tsim ntawm molecules ntawm cov protein.

Tsis muaj transcription nws yuav tsis yooj yim sua rau nyeem cov ntaub ntawv uas yog coded nyob rau hauv triplets ntawm deoxyribonucleic acid. Qhov no qhia tau ib zaug dua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm ib lom theem. Tej cell, seb prokaryotic los yog eukaryotic, yuav tsum tsis tu ncua los ua ke tshiab molecules thiab tshiab protein, uas yog tsim nyog rau lub caij mus ntxiv lub neej. Yog li ntawd, transcription hauv ib - yog qhov tseem ceeb theem nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm txhua tus neeg ntawm tes rau hauv lub cev.