Zaporizhzhya Cossacks

Zaporizhzhya Cossacks sau nyob rau hauv cov tub rog nrog rau feem ntau nyob deb lub sij hawm. Keeb kwm puav pheej yuav qhia nws muaj tshwm sim nrog ib txhiab tsib puas xyoo. Ib txhia kawm puag Sechi Zaporizhzhya yog tias tshwm sim Cossack pib nrog combining teb nrhiav kev los rhuav tshem fortified kev txiav txim. Raws li lwm yam chroniclers, qhov no pab tub rog twb tsim los ntawm Kozar, uas nyob rau hauv Central Asia, thiab cov Ukraine mus nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm lub Mongol-Tatar quab.

Tus txiv neej ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv tsis ua hauj lwm, thiab siv nws lub sij hawm xyaum tu yus nyob rau hauv cov tub rog science. Txij li thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub zos nyob rau hauv Ukraine, lawv raug hu ua cov Cossacks. Yuam yuav tau pab unaccustomed zog conscription ntawm cov tub rog los ua Polish thiab Lithuanian magnates. Cov txheej xwm tshwm sim tom qab qhov qaug dab peg ntawm Ukraine. Txawm li cas los, cov Cossacks, mus tsis txhob yuam ua hauj lwm, so los ntawm inhabited av. Lawv tau xaiv ib qho chaw rau cov rapids ntawm lub Dnieper. Raws li historians, thiab yog li muaj Zaporozhye Cossacks. Pom lub siab tawv ntawm lub pab tub rog, lub Polish vajntxwv pib los ntxias lawv mus rau hauv cov kev pab cuam. Ib tug zoo-yug cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub gentry mas suav hais tias ib tug zoo yawm mus yuav tus thawj coj ntawm lub siab tawv tub rog.

Arsenal troops muaj lub siab heev tshaj plaws riam phom ntawm lub sij hawm. Zaporizhzhya Cossacks muaj phom thiab howitzers, mortars thiab mortars, samopaly thiab pistols, hmuv rau cov tibneeg, thiab swords, riam thiab ntaj, bows thiab xib xub. Cov archaeological thiab keeb kwm science paub tseeb hais tias cov pov thawj ntawm ib tug loj arsenal muaj riam phom, uas raug xaiv ntawm cov haiv neeg uas tau sib ntaus sib tua. Txawm li cas los, lub ntsiab ua ntej Zaporozhye Cossacks muab saber.

Raws li ib feem ntawm lub siab tawv tub rog muaj infantry, cavalry thiab artillery. Tag nrho cov ntawm armed Cossacks yog ntawm kaum ib thiab kaum ob txhiab tus neeg. Ib tug neeg tseem ceeb unit tau yeej ib txwm tau suav hais tias yog cavalry. Nws yog ib tug tshaj plaws formidable quab yuam kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo. Lub tsev muaj troops thiab pua pua ntawm txee. Thaum lub sij hawm campaigns lub Cossacks nres rau lub ntuj encampment, uas yog ib tug txheej nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug series ntawm carts, fastened los ntawm chains.

Lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm cov nyiaj khwv tau yog lub Zaporozhye Sech tsuas reclaimed thaum lub sij hawm campaigns, raws li zoo raws li lag luam, muag khoom ntawm wine, ib tug tribute tau txais los ntawm cov thauj, thiab cov muaj koob muaj npe thiab muaj koob muaj npe cov nyiaj hli. Ib feem ntawm qhov zoo tau txais nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua, muab cov kev cai nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. Qhov seem ntau lawm faib sib npaug, thiab nws Ukrainian Cossack yuav haus dej haus mus rau lub penny. Tseem Ceeb nqi sau Sech nrog tub txawj tub ntse, dua raws Zaporozhye pawg neeg thaj av. Feem ntau ntawm cov nyiaj khwv tau los kuj muaj cov nyiaj ua se nyob rau hauv lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm pab tub rog.

Feudal lords ntsia nrog apprehension ntawm strengthening tus ntawm cov Cossacks. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog nyob rau sab ntawm lub oppressed peasants thiab yuav nco ntsoov pab lawv. Feudal dee tau tas rau kev daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm Zaporizhzhya Sich thiab xa rov qab mus rau serfdom. Los ntawm kawg ntawm tus thib kaum tsib thiab thaum ntxov thib kaum centuries, Lithuanian thiab Polish magnates twb tau tsim nyog loj cheeb tsam ntawm teb chaws teej tug mus rau lub Cossacks. Thiaj li, nyob rau hauv 1648, ib lub uprising tsoo tawm. Nws twb mus los ntawm Colonel Cossack Bohdan Khmelnytsky. Mus kev nyob rau hauv nws coj noj coj ua tau ua tiav rau lub yeej.

Muab cov loj tej yam nyob rau hauv lub Sich Cossacks ntawm Ukraine, nrog rau cov tub rog waged ib diplomatic nriaj, Peter kuv thiab Hetman Mazepa. Txawm li cas los, cov Cossacks coj lub sab ntawm Charles XII thiab waged tiv thaiv Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog sib ntaus sib tua. Tom qab kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus Mazepa phooj ywg nrog lub Swedes, Peter kuv coj tuaj rau lub capture ntawm peb regiments ntawm Zaporizhzhya Sich. teeb meem mus muab tua tas puag socket rioters twb muab tso ua ntej lawv. Nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1709, lub fortress twb npaum li cas tag pov tseg thiab hlawv.

Qhov kawg taw tes rau hauv txoj hmoo ntawm lub Cossacks muab Catherine II. Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1775 ib tug manifesto twb muab los ntawm nws, pom zoo txoj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov Sich thiab nws attribution mus rau lub Novorossiysk xeev.