Abraham Maslow. "Sab thiab Cwm pwm": txoj kev, kev txheeb xyuas

Abraham Maslow - American tus paub txog thiab kev puas siab ntsws, uas tsim lub feem ntau ntau yam qauv ntawm txug thiab tib neeg xav tau kev pab. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv lub ncauj lus kom ntxaws version ntawm nws views qhia nyob rau hauv lub Department of Psychology, yog tam sim no tsis yooj yim mus nrhiav tau ib tug neeg uas yuav tsis tau hnov ntawm tus naas ej "pyramid ntawm xav tau kev pab."

Ledger paub txog

Ntawm zog Maslow "Sab thiab Cwm pwm", txawm li cas los, tau cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau tsuas yog cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab luminaries ntawm psychology. Nws xav cov xib fwb, businessmen, sociologists. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, qhov no ua hauj lwm yuav nyiam tus neeg twg uas yog wondering txog dab tsi lus dag hauv lub plawv ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau-motivational kheej ntawm tus neeg.

Qhov no tsab twb luam tawm ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm ib xyoo dhau los. Tab sis txawm ntau cov motivating tswvyim, nws tseem khaws nws qhov tseeb. Self-txaus siab, lus nug, nagging - uas yog vim li cas rau cov uas pib sau ntawv no ua hauj lwm, ib tug American paub txog ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, Abraham Maslow. Sab thiab cwm pwm - ob lub ntsiab lub tswv yim kawm lawv. Lawv tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm nws phau ntawv.

Childhood thiab tiav hluas Maslow

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias Abraham Maslow tus yau yog deb ntawm straightforward. Cov niam txiv paub txog emigrated mus rau lub tebchaws United States ua ntej nws twb yug los. Cov tsev neeg yog lossi prevailed teeb meem qhov teeb meem no. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, los ntawm lub txiv tus tub tau txais cov neeg Yudais, li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau muaj kev tag lawm li cas anti-Semitism. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov kev kawm zoo Maslow twb siab heev, nws cov tub ntxhais hluas twb muaj nyob rau hauv kev rho tawm thiab kev tsim txom.

Kawm paub txog puas siab puas ntsws kev txawj ntse

Tom qab ntawd Maslow, nyob rau hauv nws txiv lub kev pom zoo, txiav txim siab los mob siab nws tus kheej rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm jurisprudence. Tab sis, muaj cuab kav nrog psychology, yoojyim los ntawm tus thawj cov hoob kawm. Nws tau txais nws kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Viskonskom University nyob rau hauv Madison, thiab ces pib mus ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws qhia ntawv nyob lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nws kuj ua hauj lwm raws li ib qho kev pab rau tus naas ej tus paub txog behaviorist Edvarda Torndayka. Nws tau nce mus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub American Psychological Association nyob rau hauv 1967. Maslow heev tshwm sim ua hauj lwm Dzhona Uotsona.

Cov yooj yim tswvyim

Cov phau ntawv Maslow "Sab thiab Cwm pwm" piav qhia txog cov qauv ntawm cov xav tau kev pab, lawv yooj yim zog, tej yam nyob rau motivational kheej ntawm tus neeg. Maslow pyramid muaj blocks, txhua tus uas qhia tau txog ib yam kev xav tau - los ntawm lub hauv paus rau ntau dua. Cov qauv no yog heev yooj yim los mus piav qhia nrog ib qho piv txwv. Siv tib neeg xav tau kev pab yog physiological xav tau kev pab xws li kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab nqhis dej. Soj ntsuam rau lawv, nws yog tsis zoo li leej twg yuav xav hais tias, rau Piv txwv li, hais txog lub philosophy ntawm postmodernism. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov peb yuav tsum txaus siab rau qhov tseem ceeb heev xav tau kev pab ntawm tus kab mob.

Raws li los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev ruaj ntseg - ob lub cev thiab kev xav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj ib tug ru tsev saum lawv taub hau, nyob tsis muaj kev hem thawj rau hav zoov.

Thaum cov xav tau kev pab sau los ntawm ib tug neeg pib mus nrhiav siab ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm ib tug ntau dua chav kawm ntawv - social paub, pab koj tu siab. Rau qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm kev phooj ywg yuav tsum yog tus yuav tsum tau rau nws tus kheej-kheej, uas yog, tus txiv neej tam sim no xav autonomy thiab coj noj coj ua.

Maslow apex ntawm lub pyramid yog qhov yuav tsum tau rau actualization. Thaum uas tag nrho lwm yam xav tau kev pab yog txaus siab, ib tug neeg yuav pib dawb do ib ce muaj zog xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv qhov xwm ntawm nws lub peev xwm.

Yog li ntawd, thaum twg muab lub sij hawm coj tus cwj pwm yog tshuaj tshuav tej yam xav tau kev pab. Thiab feem ntau lawv yeej tsis txaus siab txog rau thaum xaus. Uas yog vim li cas cov neeg tau tiav nyob rau hauv koj lub neej ntawm yus tus kheej-actualization theem, hais txog 2%, raws li tau teev nyob rau hauv phau ntawv ntawm Maslow "Sab thiab cwm pwm."

Yuav ua li cas distinguishes lub hom phiaj ntawm Maslow?

Practicality thiab realism - cov no yog cov ntsiab zoo muaj los ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm tus thiab xav kawm tiag. Maslow, uas yog xav thaum xub thawj tswv yim ntawm behaviorism, thiab ces los txog rau lub xaus hais tias cov tswv yim zoo dua nyob rau hauv lub laboratory, tab sis muaj me ntsis ua li cas nrog lub neej tiag tiag tib neeg style, nws philosophy.

Lub ntsiab teeb meem ntawm psychology

Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg: cov kis ntawm cov kev tshawb xav thiab xyaum - lub ntsiab teeb meem ntawm psychology. Tu siab, cov neeg uas yog tig mus rau psychologists kev pab, tsis muaj ib tug lawd cov ntaub. Thiab tsis muaj ib tug yuav teb tau lawv nyob rau cov nqe lus nug ntawm seb qhov no los yog hais tias tus kws yuav muaj peev xwm mus pab tau.

Sib cais ntawm psychology los ntawm kev muaj tiag: ib qho piv txwv

Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab zoo ntawm ib tug zoo kev puas siab ntsws, raws li zoo raws li loj puas hawv kev tshawb xav - feasibility nyob rau hauv kev xyaum nrog lub aim ntawm pab neeg. Qhov no ncaj qha koom Maslow lub theory. Yog zoo taw qhia los ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm lub testimonials ntawm cov neeg uas nrhiav kev pab los ntawm therapists ntawm ntau pawg nyob rau hauv yees kho mob: alcoholism, kev twv txiaj, haus luam yeeb. Muaj ntau therapists kom tshem tau ntawm cov teeb meem uas siv cov kev hloov cov txheej txheem raws li uas ib tug nyob tos tsuas hloov lwm yam - nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, zoo dua. Dua ib los yog ob theem ntawm Maslow lub pyramid, lawv pom zoo kom lawv cov neeg mob yuav hloov tau nyob tos, pib mus koom nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej-realization. Tshuav tej yam xav tau kev pab ntawm sab-theem, rau ib txhia yog vim li cas, tseem muaj: lub qub dej los yog Casanova heev weakly puv "hloov" lawv kev sib raug zoo lwm yam hauj lwm, piv txwv li, beading. Thiab yuav ua li cas muaj peev xwm ib tug nyob daim duab tawm zoo li cas ntawm ua lag ua luam yuav coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv sab saum toj ntawm nws xav tau kev pab kom txog thaum nws txaus siab nws xav tau kev hlub, kev sib hwm, pab koj tu siab, kev phooj ywg, sov lub siab lub ntsws kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg?

Cov neeg tu siab rau hlwb, kev them nqi rau nws nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyiaj. Lwm yuav tau ib daim duab, yog tias tag nrho cov psychologists siv nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Maslow "Sab thiab cwm pwm." Xyuas yuav tsum ntseeg hais tias, yuav tau zoo npaum li cas raws li ib tug kev puas siab ntsws, raws li zoo raws li txog tus possibilities ntawm hlwb nyob rau hauv kev.

Phau Ntawv Maslow "Sab thiab Cwm pwm": txoj kev

Thawj feem ntawm cov phau ntawv yog mob siab rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub essence ntawm xav tau kev pab, yuav ua li cas los txhawb lawv siab rau tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob, lub tsim ntawm nws tus cwj pwm, thiab dua kho lub tswvyim ntawm tus instincts. Maslow hais tias tus dlaim yog muaj feem xyuam rau tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv ib tug me me degree. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias instincts yog lub hauv paus rau tag nrho nws cov kev ua, cov cwj pwm no kuj lom zem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov noob thiab cov ib puag ncig.

Cov tom ntej no yog ib feem deals nrog lub tswvyim ntawm kev puas hlwb kev noj qab nyob, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm siab nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib tham yuav tsum, cov lus nug ntawm lub ibqho ntawm txhoj puab heev coj tus cwj pwm. Maslow hais tias ib tug cwj pwm zoo yog luag neutralizes aggression: li ntawd, nws yog ib txwm tsim nyog los noj mus rau hauv tus account lub tej yam kev mob, xav tias txhua yam ntawm tus cwj pwm, xws li puas.

Tom ntej no Maslow considers nws tus kheej samoaktualizatsiruyuschihsya neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lawv cov ua cim. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv peb ib feem peb them xim rau cov teeb meem ntawm kev hlub thiab kev muaj tswv yim thiab nws ces.

Nyob rau hauv lub xeem ib feem ntawm phau ntawv Maslow "Sab thiab Cwm pwm" tshuaj xyuas lub luag hauj lwm ntawm creativity nyob rau hauv science, cov lus nug ntawm vib this, tus nqi ntawm ib tug holistic mus kom ze.

Maslow hu mus xav txog txiv neej xwb tsis nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm muab piv rau cov kev puas hlwb kev noj qab nyob neurotic. Neeg twg uas yog xav nyob rau hauv tej teeb meem ntawm nws tus kheej-actualization, peb yuav xyuam xim kom ib tug yuav tsum muaj chaw ua hauj lwm uas tsim Abraham Maslow - "Sab thiab cwm pwm." Xyuas ntawm ntau nyeem twb tau ob peb tiam neeg tau qhia hais tias qhov no ua hauj lwm yuav pab kom mus cuag zoo dua heights thiab to taub lawv tus kheej rau txhua leej txhua tus.