Academic degrees thiab lub npe

muaj ib tug tsim nyog system nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm thiab kawm ntawv qib siab, uas tso cai rau koj mus nrhiav kom tau lub scientific hierarchy ntawm txoj kev qhia neeg ua hauj lwm - kev kawm degrees thiab lub npe. Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, lub awarding ntawm kev kawm degrees thiab lub npe ntawm associate professors thiab professors yog sib txawv dog dig los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws. Feem ntau, kev kawm title ntawm "Associate xibfwb" yog muab rau PhD, thiab "xibfwb" - cov kws kho mob ntawm science, txawm hais tias muaj kev zam. Nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws cov degrees txawv heev ho ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm lub peev xwm, lub npe, qhov puav pheej cov txheej txheem thiab kev pom zoo.

Hauv As Kiv teb, lub tebchaws United States thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, muaj ntau yuav tsum tau, thiab nyob rau hauv txhua txhua scientific teb, muaj peb degrees: Bachelor tus, Master lub, PhD.

Thaum lub caij nyob rau hauv Russia muaj ib tug tov system - nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv twb tau muab siv rau cov tshiab system, qhov twg muaj ib tug bachelor tus (plaub lub xyoos), Masters (6 xyoo), thiab ib feem ntawm cov universities khaws cia rau hauv lub qub system, chaw tsim tshuaj paus ntawm cov kawm tiav nrog tsib, tsib thiab ib tug ib nrab los sis rau xyoo ntawm kev kawm. Thiab es tsis txhob ntawm ib siab tshaj plaws degree ntawm tus kws kho mob ntawm Science (philosophy, thiab lwm yam) thov dhau rau ib tug legacy ntawm lub Soviet system, qhov twg muaj ob degrees - PhDs yog muab tsub los ntawm cov pawg sab laj thiab dissertations xa rau kev pom zoo ntawm cov dua teev Commission.

Dissertation councils yog tsim nyob rau universities, kev tshawb fawb institutes los yog lwm yam kev cov koom haum. Tiv thaiv npaj PhD los yog doctoral dissertation feem ntau yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tab ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub dissertation Council. Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv cov tswv yim sib cav rau tus kws kho mob ntawm Science, nws yog tsim nyog los muaj ib tug PhD. Txwv tsis pub, cov neeg uas tsis muaj cov degree, lub tshiab cai tsis muaj cai los mus tiv thaiv nws thesis rau lub siab ib cov degree.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov sib thooj ntawm cov ceg ntawm science thiab / los yog specialties ua series ua ntej - kev kawm ntawv thiab kev kawm degrees zoo tsis tswj, tsuas yog rau ib tug ob peb tus neeg mob, raws li stipulated los ntawm cov kev cai lij choj. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, lees nws yog permissible kom tau ib tug ntau dua degree ntawm specialization thiab / los yog kev lag luam, tsis kaw rau uas twb muaj lawm, piv txwv li, tus neeg sib tw ntawm sociological sciences psychologists, mathematicians, economists, tus kws kho mob ntawm Psychology PhD, piv txwv li, philosophical, lub cev thiab xaam thiab sociological science thiab thiaj li nyob.

Degrees tau ua tswvcuab nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv 1934, uas yog ua tau lub restoration ntawm pre-uas twb muaj lawm scientific degrees nyob rau hauv Russia. Qhov loj tshaj plaws pes tsawg tus ntawm sib tw thiab cov kws kho mob ntawm science, muaj kev kho mob, lub cev, zauv thiab kev sciences.

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau tshaj degrees, peb yuav tsum xub sau thiab tiv thaiv ib tug tswv yim sib cav, uas yog heev kim heev kev ua hauj lwm, uas yuav muaj los ntawm 150 mus rau 500 nplooj ntawv ntawm scientific cov ntawv nyeem. Puas yuav ua tau tsis sau ib thesis nyob rau ntau los xij, tab sis legitimately ntse tiv thaiv? Nws yog ua tau, tab sis yog nws yuav tsis yooj yim heev. Lub tswv yim sib cav rau cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kws kho mob ntawm Science tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug scientific tsab ntawv ceeb toom, uas yuav tsum tau hais ib lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tau. Xws li ib tug daim ntawv qhia yuav tsum tau kev txhawb los ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm yav tas los luam tawm scientific ntaub ntawv uas muaj teeb meem loj tseem ceeb rau science. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov neeg thov kev pab yuav tsum tau paub zoo mus rau lub scientific lub zej lub zos rau nws kev tshawb fawb thiab discoveries nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev ua si.

Yog li, peb soj ntsuam li cas yuav muab ib tug scientific degree, kev kawm nyob qib.