Ib tug nyuag txawj tsom xam: "Jubilee" (Mayakovsky). Nta sau paj huam

Ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb rau tus yam ntxwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm lub 1920 los, nws muaj ib tug saib xyuas ntawm Soviet ntaub ntawv thiab nws cov tsom xam. "Jubilee" (Mayakovsky - tus neeg sau ntawm cov paj huam) nyob rau hauv no hais txog yog heev nthuav, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv nws lub kws sau paj lug qhia nws saib ntawm lub classical thiab niaj hnub ntaub ntawv. Thiab nyob rau hauv ib lub cim, nws li ib txwm ib tug thawj daim ntawv no, summed li nws poetic biography ntawm no theem.

prehistory

Rau qhov kev nkag ntawm lub kws sau paj lug xav txog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm los ntawm tus sau, yuav ua nws tsom xam. "Jubilee" Mayakovsky wrote nyob rau hauv 1924, cia li nyob hauv lub heev lub sij hawm thaum nws twb dog dig kho nws views on classical ntaub ntawv. Creation ntawm no ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau inextricably txuas mus rau lub sau ntawv ntawm lawv tau kaum ob xyoos dhau los ib phau ntawv Futurists, uas hu ua rau tsis nco qab lub achievements ntawm classical ntaub ntawv, muab pov tseg tag nrho cov qub qub tub ceev xwm thiab pib tsim ib cov lus tshiab thiab cov paj huam.

Qhov no daim ntawv, tsim nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm nws lub sij hawm, li cas los xij, yog ib tug pej xeem outcry, vim feem ntau sau ntawv, tab sis yog tab tom nrhiav rau nkaus tshiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev qhia tawm ntawm lawv cov kev xav thiab txoj kev xav, tab sis yog teem rau lub classics, los yog tsawg kawg muaj kev sib fwm rau lawv. Mayakovsky thiab nws pab ntsia nws txawv thiab twb tsis tshua muaj radical txaus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv rov ntxiv cov ntawv nyeem. Txawm li cas los, ib xyoo caum tom qab, tus sau tau rethought nws tus cwj pwm rau classical ntaub ntawv, uas yog reflected nyob rau hauv nws cov tshiab ua hauj lwm.

Nyob rau Pushkin

Nrog rau cov npe ntawm cov zaj lus paj huam yuav tsum tau pib nws saib xyuas thiab tsom xam. "Jubilee" (Mayakovsky li symbolically hu ua nws vim hais tias twb nearing 125 ib ntawm cov me nyuam yug ntawm Pushkin) pib nrog ib tug siv rau Aleksandru Sergeevichu. Sau nyob rau hauv nws cov yam ntxwv yam familiarly offering tham lub siab mus rau lub plawv. Twb tau nyob rau qhov no tsis txaus siab mus rau lub tu siab ntawm Mayakovsky, "lub hnub ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam". Dua li ntawm qhov es paub laus, tus sau cuaj kaum heev respectful hais txog Pushkin, paub nws tau nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv dav dav thiab paj huam nyob rau hauv particular. Nws txo nws hwj nws tus kheej nrog nws nyob rau hauv tib theem li, thiab khuv xim hais tias cov kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv no tam sim ntawd los kom muab tso rau koj lub npe tom ntej no mus Pushkin tshwm siab ntawm tus sau tuaj rau cov ntsiab lus nrog rau cov classics. Mayakovsky txawm apologized rau Aleksandrom Sergeevichem rau lawv pamphlets, hais tias tam sim no tag nrho cov passions ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ntau dua rau nws.

Nyob rau hauv lwm yam paj huam

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub Pushkin, lub kws sau paj lug muab ib tug kwv yees thiab predecessors thiab contemporaries. Piv txwv li, nws qhuas Nekrasov rau lub fact tias nws yog "lawv txiv leej tub", txawm hais tias tus tom kawg kuj sau tau ib txoj kev hlub thiab sentimental lyrics, uas yog txwv los ntawm Mayakovsky, xav tias nws tsis tseem ceeb thiab puas rau revolutionary propaganda. Yuav kom ntsuam xyuas hauv lub xeev ntawm tus thawj theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Soviet paj huam yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg rau hauv lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm thiab los tuav lawv phau ntawv tsom xam. "Jubilee" (Mayakovsky nyob rau hauv no sau ntawv muab ib tug kwv yees ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntawv nyeem) yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw. Nws kuj hais cov kws sau paj lug Yesenin, uas teb es sharply. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lawv yog ideologically txwv rau txhua lwm yam: ib yam nkaus thiab sib txawv yog tus ua hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg no.

nqi

Xam tias yog cov khoom yog tseem ceeb heev rau kev nkag siab cov evolution ntawm cov kws sau paj lug views. Mayakovsky raws li ib tug tag nrho tau tseem tseeb rau nws artistic hauv paus ntsiab lus: nws tsis tso tseg txoj kev tau taub ntawm cov paj huam raws li ib tug haib txhais tau rau cov revolutionary tawm tsam thiab cov tswv yim pom ntawm cov haiv neeg, tab sis yog kho nws tus cwj pwm rau predecessors, hais tias xws li ib tug txiv neej raws li tus sau, yog qho tseem ceeb heev. Mayakovsky paj huam "Jubilee" yog nthuav vim hais tias nyob rau hauv nws tus sau, albeit nyob rau hauv ib tug thaum, veiled, lees ib co yuam kev ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas. Nws muab cov lus ntawm ib tug zoo kawg artist, uas pom tau hais lawv yuam kev thiab pom tau hais nyob rau hauv nws li ib txwm sarcastic daim ntawv lees txim rau lawv.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov ua hauj lwm yog nthuav nrog nws philosophical cov ntsiab lus: nws seb puas tsimnyog tau cov lus nug ntawm lub neej thiab kev tuag (piv txwv li, lub kws sau paj lug hais txog nyob mus ib txhis, uas yuav sib npaug thiab reconcile nrog Pushkin), qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov paj huam nyob rau hauv pej xeem lub neej (nyob ntawm no tus sau yog heev hnyav nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev soj ntsuam, po- tseem thuam cov lyrics thiab romantic ntxhais). Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog sau nyob rau hauv ib tug yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam hauj lwm ntawm Mayakovsky daim ntawv. Nws yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ntaiv, ib tug luv luv kab kev xav qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug meej thiab cos yam. Cov paj huam "Jubilee" (Mayakovsky) muaj accentual nqe loj, uas muab nws zoo sonority thiab firmness ntawm style vim hais tias nws yog txiav txim tsuas yog tus siv ntawm drums thiab unstressed suab yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug random order. Nyob rau lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv chav kawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub Soviet era kev kawm ntawv muaj cov me nyuam tsom xam cov paj huam "Jubilee." Mayakovsky - ib tug es peculiar kws sau paj lug, uas yog vim li cas nws ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsom xam thiab kev nkag siab.