A. S. Pushkin, "Poltava": ib tug paj huam tsom xam

Nws ob lub paj huam sau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv lub sij hawm Pushkin. "Poltava" xeeb nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1828, tab sis ua hauj lwm rau nws sov ua licas tsis mus, thiab Alexander ncua kom txog thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm no ua hauj lwm. Nws yog ces hais tias cov txawj sau ntawv tuaj tshoov siab, thiab nws muaj ib tug paj huam nyob rau hauv ob peb hnub. Pushkin sau tag nrho cov hnub, distracted xwb los siav nws kev tshaib kev nqhis, verses nws tau ua npau suav thaum hmo ntuj. Poet nrawm nroos sau txhua yam uas tuaj mus rau hauv nws lub taub hau, tej zaum txawm nyob rau hauv prose, thiab ces muab kho tas.

Qhov ratio ntawm cov critics ntawm cov paj huam "Poltava"

Nws txoj kev khoom nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm txawv Pushkin. "Poltava" twb tsis to taub los yog nws lub contemporaries, tsis yav tom ntej tiam ntawm critics. Muaj ntau ntau txawv tswvyim hais txog dab tsi lub kws sau paj lug xav qhia nyob rau hauv nws zaj paj huam. Ib tug ces dag nuam ntawm kev ua hauj lwm peb yuav pom tias Alexander ua ib tug hero ntawm Peter thiab ntawm Mazepa - ib tug neeg phem thiab ib tug neeg ntxeev siab, uas yog tag nrho raws nraim li nws tau ua nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm Pushkin.

Muaj ntau ntawm cov kws sau paj lug lub creativity soj ntsuam yuav tsis pom zoo nrog rau tej kev txhais lus, kev paub txog tus cwj pwm ntawm Alexander rau Petus, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam dab tsi nws yuav ntawm nws tus kheej dawb yuav mus qhuas. Nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau dawb do luam tawm lawv cov kev xav, yog li ntawd rau tsa Peter thiab branding Mazepa lub kws sau paj lug muab ib tug tsis paub hais dabneeg thiab tus neeg sau txoj thiab nyeem tau muaj peev xwm yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub "Cim" los ntawm uas nws yog ib qhov tseeb uas nws sab sawv A. S. Pushkin. Cov paj huam "Poltava", thiab hnub no yog ib tug ntau ntawm controversy cov sau ntawv.

Lub ntsiab yam uas kawm txog nyob rau hauv lub paj huam

Aleksandru Sergeevichu ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv "Poltava" los qhia peb ntxhais. Tus thawj cov ntsiab kev txhawj xeeb rau txoj hmoo ntawm Russia thiab lub Lavxias teb sab neeg, kev sib raug zoo nrog rau lwm cov European lub teb chaws. Pushkin yog tseem tsis tau tsis nco qab lawm lub nco sib ntaus sib tua nrog Napoleon, yog li ntawd, nrog patriotism thiab kev txaus siab rau cov motherland recreated qhov kev sib ntaus ntawm Peter thiab Charles XII. Txawm hais tias tus yeeb ncuab yog haib, tab sis lub yeej yog ib qho nyuaj, tab sis tag nrho cov tib Lavxias teb sab neeg tau kom ciaj sia, thiab qhia lub puab lub zog mus rau tiv nrog lub onslaught thiab tiv thaiv lawv lub teb chaws.

Plurinational State kuj pom nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin. "Poltava" piav qhia txog cov txawj sau ntawv raws li ib tug pej xeem txawj xav uas qhia rau cov solidarity ntawm txawv haiv neeg nyob rau hauv tib lub teb chaws. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, Alexander yuav siv sij hawm rau Ukraine, uas nrog rau kev pab los ntawm Mazeppa xav rhuav cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog los ntawm Russia. Subject ntawm ib tug private neeg uas yog nyob rau hauv lub log ntawm keeb kwm, kuj tseem ceeb Pushkin. "Poltava" tsom tsis tau tsuas yog ib tug tawm tsam rau lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub rulers ntawm cov theem, tab sis kuj rau txoj hmoo ntawm cov neeg, uas yog cov neeg koom nyob rau hauv lub tej xwm txheej phem.

Keeb kwm piav qhia ntawm battles

Alexander txuas tseem ceeb heev rau cov ntseeg ntawm kev qhia txog ntawm keeb kwm cov txheej xwm. Cov paj huam yog nrog los ntawm sau ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li ib daim ntawv teev keeb kwm ntaub ntawv, cim tias seb thaum qhov tseeb ntawm cov txheej xwm uas tau muab piav qhia nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin. "Poltava" (excerpt, "Lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Poltava," yog lub feem ntau tiag tiag li, nco thiab patriotic) sau nyob rau hauv siab dab, ib co ntawm nws cov nta paj huam ntaqwm lub style ntawm Ukrainian doom, folk nkauj thiab keeb kwm legends.