"Admiral Ushakov" (cruiser): keeb kwm thiab cov yam ntxwv

Lub Soviet Union nyob ib-thib rau lub ntawm lub teb chaws. Tej vim nws thaj txoj hauj lwm, thiab ib nrab - hauj tuition, tsim cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov rog hauv lub teb chaws tau muab ib tug ntau lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los, nws yog tseem koom nyob rau hauv tej yam loj hauv lub xeev.

Tej nkoj nquam thiab cruisers, submarines, thiab aircraft muaj, lub ntsws thiab loj - cov npe ntawm cov kev siv technology tshiab daws yog ntev heev. Ib tug ntawm cov yog cov "dav dawb hau" los yog "Project 1144". Heavy nuclear missile cruiser "Admiral Ushakov" - ib tug flagship project, uas muaj tsis muaj thaum uas tig mus nyob rau hauv tej rog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Uas yog hais txog nws, nws functionality, yam ntxwv, tub rog thiab kev cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Cov evolution ntawm lub npe

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias lub npe "Admiral Ushakov" cruiser tsis sai li sai khees. "Admiral Txaij" nyob tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Union - nyob rau hauv 1992. Tom qab ntawd nws thiab lwm 3 "Orlan" muaj cov npe tshiab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsuas yog ib - 4 - bears lub npe "Petr Veliky". Tus thawj peb twb "Admirals". Nws Ushakov, Lazarev thiab Nakhimov. Thaum lub sib sau ua ke ntawm cov stocks ntawm lub tsev hais plaub hu ua "Kirov", "Frunze", "Kalinin" feem. Plaub cruiser thawj npe hu ua "Kuibyshev", ces, ua ntej thaum xaus ntawm kev tsim kho, nws tau txais ib lub npe tshiab - "Yuri Andropov".

Rau hnub tim, cov "Petr Veliky" yog nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam. "Nakhimov" yog nyob rau hauv txawj tej yam ntxiv. Thawj ob tej zaum yuav tau siv sij hawm qhov chaw txawj tej yam ntxiv, tab sis rau "Nakhimov".

"Orlan" peb tes num

Lub tswv yim ntawm cov creation ntawm lub nkoj, yog dab tsi tom qab ua lub nuclear cruiser "Admiral Ushakov", tuaj tsis nyob rau hauv ib zaug. Initial tej yaam num hnub rov qab mus rau lub 50 xyoo ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Ces nws twb txiav txim siab los tsim tau ob hom ships - ib tug yuav tsum tau ib tug cruiser (Project 63), lub thib ob - tus huab cua tiv thaiv lub nkoj (Project 81). Rau cov hom powerplant raws li npaj mus thov nuclear reactor.

Project 81 yog ces raug kaw, thiab ua hauj lwm rau ob qho tag nrho cov hom tau txo nyob rau hauv ib tug coj. Lub nkoj yuav tsum tau tsis loj heev, tab sis muaj lub peev xwm thiab huab cua tiv thaiv, thiab yooj yim cruiser. Tu siab, peb tes num 63 tsis tau nyob ntev npaum li cas, thiab tsis ntev nws kuj kaw.

Rov qab mus rau "nuclear" peb tes num los tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm tus 60s, thaum lub Leningrad Central tsim Bureau los ua ib tug "tsis tshua muaj-nqi" atomic watchdog txog ntsha. Lub nkoj yuav tsum tau muaj ib tug xaav ntawm txog 8,000 tons (rau kev sib piv, lub flagship project - lub missile cruiser "Admiral Ushakov" - tau txais 24,000), yuav tsis tau tsuas yog ua raws li lwm cov nkoj, muab lawv nrog hluav taws them nyiaj yug, tab sis kuj los teev cia, yog tias tsim nyog, ua kom puas ships yuav tus yeeb ncuab. Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab "nti" twb yuav tsum tau unlimited Cruising ntau yam. Thawj zaug project yuav tsum los tsim kom tau txog 40 xws hlab ntsha, tab sis, raws li nws muab tawm, kev ua lag luam tsuas yog tsis tau npaj txhij los tso ib tug txog ntsha ntawm no xaav, tsis hais nws tus nqi pheej yig.

"Av kuv" + "Orlan"

Txawm tias muaj tej inconsistencies, peb tes num tau txais lub teeb ntsuab nyob rau hauv 1144. Tsim nuclear fais fab, phom, torpedo launchers, thiab txawm unmanned nyoob hoom qav taub. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov aircraft nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union pib ntev ua ntej cov tswv yim tshwm sim rau cov neeg Asmelikas. Txawm li cas los, lub nyoob hoom qav taub nkoj yeej tsis pom. Tab sis muaj lwm sib npaug ib qho tseem ceeb taw tes rau lub ces "Kirov" (tom qab "Admiral Ushakov"). Cruiser tsiv los ntawm qeb ntawm "nrhiav nkoj" nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm "anti-submarine nkoj".

Qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus "Orlan," yog los tsim ib tug txhob txwm percussive txog ntsha, ib tug kev kee ntawm uas code-npe hu ua "lub tebchaws kuv" (los yog "khoom nyob rau hauv 1165"). Thiab nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1971, thaum ob leeg ships twb riam phom txoj kev loj hlob, lub tej yaam num yog kev cob cog rua. Yav tom ntej lub nkoj tau txais qhov zoo tshaj plaws riam phom, ua ntej tsim rau txhua hom.

pib

Ib xyoo tom qab lub merger ntawm cov tub rog cua ntsawj ntshab yog xa qhov kawg version. Ces nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj xyoo 1973 nyob rau lub Baltic cog rau lawv. Ordzhonikidze cruiser nteg lub taub hau. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg version ntawm cov cua ntsawj ntshab 5 hlab ntsha tau npaj, 4 uas yog ua tau. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias plaub lub nkoj - "Petr Veliky" - cia li tau txais ib tug ob peb sib txawv los ntawm lawv cov counterparts. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws muaj ib tug loj Cruising, zoo anti-submarine sonar thiab riam phom, ntau niaj hnub cruise cuaj luaj.

4 xyoos tom qab, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tshiab lub tswv yim 1977 hnyav nuclear-powered cruiser "Admiral Ushakov" yog launched thiab enlisted nyob rau hauv lub Navy ntawm lub Soviet Union. Xyoo no twb cim rau "dav dawb hau" tsim yog tseem yog ib qho kev tshwm sim. Nws yog ces nyob rau hauv lub Navy qhia ib tug tshiab kev faib tawm, thiab "Kirov" los ntawm cov qeb ntawm ib tug yooj yim anti-submarine nkoj yuav hnyav nuclear-powered missile cruiser.

Hauj lwm thiab tsim

Thaum lub sij hawm tsim thiab ces ua lub nkoj lug siv puas ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Vim hais tias cov add-tsim khoom siv tes ua mas ua los ntawm txhuas-magnesium alloys. Feem ntau ntawm cov riam phom mounted nyob rau hauv lub stern thiab tus hneev. Ntxiv armored shields kaw engine chav tsev, cellars ntawm cov mos txwv, thiab yuav luag tag nrho cov tseem ceeb posts ntawm lub nkoj "Admiral Ushakov".

Cruiser muaj ib ncua forecastle thiab ib tug muab ob npaug rau hauv qab nyob rau tag nrho ntev ntawm lub nkoj. Deg ib feem muaj tsib decks (kuj thoob plaws hauv lub cev). Thaum lub rear - underdeck hangar tsim los rau cov qhov xub ntiag ntawm peb helicopters. Muaj kuj yog cov lifting mechanism yuav ua lub tsev thiab muab cia rau qhov chaw rau tag nrho cov tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv rau lub davhlau. Nws yog "polynomial" lifting thiab Standpipe kav hlau txais xov system yog ib tug complex qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib compartment.

Cov kev siv ntawm xws li ib tug nkoj tau nce siab heev uas yuav tsum tau rau cov ua tau raug cov nroj tsuag. Firstly, qhov kawg kev kee ntawm lub nkoj tau txais ib tug xaav ntawm ntau tshaj 24 000 tonnes nyob rau hauv lub thib ob, lub siab tshaj plaws ntev ntawm lub nkoj yog yuav tsum tau ntau tshaj li 250 m Muaj ib tug tag nrho series uas yuav tsum tau hais tias yuav tau ntsib xwb ib tug nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub Union - .. Leningrad.

weaponry

Ua ntej peb yuav tham txog riam phom, yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias nuclear-powered missile cruiser "Admiral Ushakov" yuav tsum tau ntaus lub nkoj ib tug yeeb ncuab aircraft carrier pawg, plob hav zoov cia thiab ua kom puas submarines, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, muab antiaircraft thiab (nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej) missile tiv thaiv ntawm nws ib ncig. Rau tag nrho ntawm cov kev pab raws qib, lub nkoj tau txais ib daim ntawv teev txhua yam ntawm riam phom. Txij li thaum rau ib tug paub piav qhia txog ntawm txhua hom yuav tsum tau yog tsis ib tsab xov xwm, nws yog tsim nyog los txwv ib tug cos yam ntxwv.

Lub ntsiab yam khoom ib tug system ntawm "Granit" - antiship missile system nyob rau hauv tus hneev. Nws muaj xws li 20 cuaj luaj nrog ib tug ntau ntau yam ntawm 550 km davhlau, warhead - nuclear. 500 kg warhead.

Antiaircraft riam phom - foob pob ua ntxaij complex "Fort". Cruiser 12 muaj lub nruas pab kiag li lawm 8 nyob rau hauv txhua missile. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau saum huab cua lub hom phaj yuav ntaus tus yeeb ncuab ships rau hauv chav kawm ntawv destroyer. Lub community launch engine yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tom qab nws tso tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas muab cov tawg thiab hluav taws kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub nkoj. Davhlau ntau - 70 km (tas rau kev tswj systems nyob rau hauv lub nkoj).

ASW khoom muaj xws li missile complex "snowstorm" - 10 foob pob ua ntxaij-torpedoes. Tua ntau - mus txog rau 50 km, ntawm qhov tob ntawm kev puas tsuaj -. 500 m ob tsib-funnel torpedo hlab yog siv Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau qhov system.

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lawj yog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov me me phom, phom thiab me me rau-barreled tshuab phom.

ua hauj lwm nws lub teb chaws

Ntawm cov ntau ce thiab kev sib ntaus los missions, uas tuaj tawm "Dav dawb hau", nws yog tsim nyog los mus sab laj ib tug nyob rau hauv uas nws yog "Admiral Ushakov". Lub cruiser yog nyob rau hauv peb cov dej, thaum nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1983 NATO ships, muaj ua nyob rau sab ntawm Ixayees, pib ua tub rog ua hauj lwm tiv thaiv Syria thiab Lebanon - lub phoojywg ntawm lub USSR. Lub nkoj twb kom mus rau lub hiav txwv Mediterranean. Ntawm no pib ib tug kev xav. Thaum nws tuaj mus rau hauv cov dej, thiab kom cov lo lus uas yog ib tug me ntsis tsawg tshaj li ib hnub, NATO ships tam sim ntawd nres firing thiab khiav mus rau cov kob cheeb tsam. Mus kom ze ze tshaj 500 km mus rau lub "Ushakov" Americans tsis tau twv.

Noj, Blogs

Ib tug kab lus los ntawm ib tug laus taleas saum toj no yog ib tug zoo heev piav qhia ntawm qhov teeb meem no nrog lub nkoj ntawm lub kaj ntug ntawm cov tshiab xyoo pua. Nyob rau hauv 1989, thaum lub cruiser yog nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm, tawg ntsiab gearbox. Ces qhov teeb meem pib nrog lub ntsiab fais fab nroj tsuag, thiab nyob rau hauv 1991, tus thawj coj tau txais kev txiav txim: yuav tsum tsim ib daim ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv lub kho. Nkoj berth, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, muaj no tsuas muaj ib qho tseem ceeb tshwm sim - rau txoj kev hloov tej nkoj nquam nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Navy thiab renamed nyob rau hauv hnyav nuclear missile cruiser "Admiral Ushakov". Modernization thiab qhov nruab nrab kho yuav tsum tau tsuas yog los ntawm lub xyoo 2000.

Lub tom ntej txoj hmoo yog tag nrho raws li cov laus fairy taleas - nws tag nrho cov nyob ntawm qhov chaw uas ib tug tsis nco qab. Rau 20 xyoo (los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb), qhov no tsis nco qab hloov nws txoj hauj lwm ob peb lub sij hawm. Lub Modernization, rov qab thiab ces ib tug tshiab tshuaj, thiab txawm rov qab mus rau lub Navy, tab sis nws tsis yog zaum kawg. Yuav ua li cas yuav tshwm sim tom ntej no, thiab seb tso rau hauv lub hiav txwv "Admiral" yog tseem tsis paub hais tias.

xaus

Ib tug ntawm ob peb lub ships nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Navy cruiser "Admiral Ushakov" boasts ib tug fais fab nroj tsuag raws li nuclear reactor. Txawm niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no fleet yog tsis muaj nkoj firepower piv rau "Ushakov". Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug thawj coj rau lub qab ntug nyob rau hauv ntau radically hloov qhov nqi koj tshuav ntawm lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv tej lub sijhawm, thiab yuav tu siab kawg li yog tias lub nkoj ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv tsuas yuav tso cai rau seem.