Management verbs nyob rau hauv German: kev cai thiab cov piv txwv

Management verbs nyob rau hauv German - yog li no muaj peev xwm ntawm no ib feem ntawm tus hais lus rau demand cov kev taw qhia ntawm ib tug tswv yim uas nthuav lo lus hais tias yog nyob ntawm nws (yuav siv tau raws li ib tug pretext, thiab tsis muaj nws). Cov npe no lawm heev kev, nws yog tsim nyog los xav txog nws nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Affixes thiab lawv lub ntsiab

verbs tswj yog pom tau tias muaj nyob rau hauv German. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, nws kuj muaj cai. Koj yuav saib tau ib co piv txwv. Xav - dab tsi, rau leej twg? Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub noun yog nyob rau hauv lub nyob dative. Lwm cov piv txwv: qhuas - dab tsi, los ntawm leej twg? Nws Instrumental. Thaum kawg, lub xeem Piv txwv li los cia siab - nyob rau hauv dab tsi, rau leej twg? Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no upotreblon accusative, thiab ib tug preposition. Qhov no yog dab tsi kev tswj verbs. Tab sis qhov no yog ib tug cov ntaub ntawv. Yog hais tias peb tham txog dab tsi nws zoo li kev tswj German verbs, peb yuav hais tias lub hauv paus ntsiab yog tib yam.

Nyob rau hauv qhov piv txwv ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus

Yog nqus tau ib tug analogy nrog lub Lavxias teb sab txawv teb chaws hom lus, kawm txog cov npe puv sai npaum li cas. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum ua tib yam. Ntawm no yog ib qho ntawm feem piv txwv piv txwv: sehen JN (Akk) - mus pom ib tug neeg los yog ib yam dab tsi (accusative); helfen JM (le ntawd) - mus pab ib tug neeg (dative). Qhov no zoo sib thooj yog vim lub fact tias cov kev siv ntawm verbs nyob rau hauv peb cov lus thiab nyob rau hauv German feem ntau yog kiag li zoo tib yam los yog zoo sib xws. Txawm li cas los, qhov no tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov mob. Piv txwv li: "sich interessieren für Akk" (translation: xav nyob rau hauv dab tsi). Kev siv cov no thaum lawv tseem yuav zoo li no: "Ich interessiere mich für paj nruag" (translation: Kuv xav nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag). Cov piv txwv qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus tom qab lub active verbs (ie. E. "Xav") yog tsim nyog los muab tso rau ib tus. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees nws yuav accusative thiab yeej ib txwm tsis pub lawd "für" (txhais ua Lavxias teb sab li "rau" los yog "mus rau").

prepositions

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg lwm nuance uas characterizes cov kev tswj ntawm verbs nyob rau hauv German. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv xws li mob yog feem ntau tsis pom tus nqi ntawm cov kev zam txim rau. Hais tias yog, nws yog kho dog dig txawv. Noj, piv txwv li, lub yav dhau los piv txwv. Cov neeg uas kawm German, paub hais tias lub preposition "für" feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv reference rau ib tug neeg. Qhia hais tias, "Ich hu nkauj für dich" - "Kuv hu nkauj rau koj." Thiab muaj lub pretext yog siv raws li ib tug phau ntawv. Nws kuj zoo li counterintuitive rau ib tug neeg uas yog cia li kawm. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog qhov tseem, uas muaj kev tswj ntawm German verbs. Rau cov piv txwv ntawm txoj cai no yog ib qho yooj yim to taub: "tham txog dab tsi" - "sprechen Uber A."; "Denken ib tug" - "xav txog dab tsi," thiab lwm yam

Hom tswj verbs

Ib qho tseem ceeb fact paub - es tsis txhob ntawm ib tus yog tej zaum muab tso rau lub chaw. Feem ntau pom raws li ib tug los yog lwm ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, piv txwv li. E. Lub neej coj siv. Thiab tam sim no yuav tham txog dab tsi yog qhov ntau hom, uas yog muab faib mus rau hauv kev tswj verbs nyob rau hauv German. Sau lawv me me:

1. Verbs uas yuav tsum tau rau kev siv cov nominative (ie. E. nominative).
2. Cov uas yuav tsum tau accusative (ie. E. Nyob rau hauv lub accusative).
3. Verbs uas yuav tsum tau cov kev taw qhia ntawm ib tug tswv yim uas nthuav dative (t. E. Dative).
4. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg uas xav ob accusative thiab dative (ntsig txog, thiab accusative, thiab dative).
5. Verbs uas yuav tsum tau ob tug accusative.
6. Cov neeg uas xav tau ib tug kev taw qhia genitive (t. F. Genitive).
7. Verbs nrog lub genitive thiab accusative.
8. Thiab thaum kawg, cia li rau qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus nrog prepositions.

Qhov no daim ntawv teev yuav tsum nco ntsoov - thiaj paub tswj German verbs (Rooj uas yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv qab no) yuav tsum tau npaum li cas yooj yim. Tab sis nws yog tsim nyog kom paub hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj zog thiab ceev txoj cai uas hais tias yuav ua li cas yog lub possessive cov ntaub ntawv qhia ib qho kev qhia txog kev ua.

Peev xwm siv lub tswv yim

Txhua tus neeg koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm yam lus, paub hais tias tej zaum yog nyob rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov kab lus nws cov ntsiab lus. Yog li ntawd, siv ib tug qhia txog kev ua nrog ob peb tus neeg mob (los yog excuses), tus nqi taub Tawvv yog sib txawv heev. Wb hais cov lus "Ich habe Sie verstanden" yog txhais li "Kuv nkag siab koj." Ntawm no qhia txog kev ua yog siv nyob rau hauv lub thib peb daim ntawv, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los tense. Tab sis, yog hais tias koj tsim tau ib kab lus li no: "Ich dab mit Ihnen einverstanden", nws yog txhais li "kuv pom zoo nrog koj." Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov lus hais txog kev, tab sis, yog hais tias koj "sim" cov nqe lus rau tej kev sib tham, lub ntsiab lus tej zaum yuav hloov drastically. Tab sis tseem tseem ceeb kom paub qhov txawv cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv npe. Lavxias teb sab version ntawm tus German txawv heev. Qhia txog kev ua nyob rau hauv ntau yuav tsum tau mus muab tom qab qhov chaw "sich", thiab nws tseem yog tsim nyog muab tso rau hauv ib tug cov ntaub ntawv (los yog Akkusativ, los yog Dativ). Koj muaj peev xwm coj raws li ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib qho kev uas suab zoo li: "Ich interessiere mich für Ihre Arbeit". Yog hais tias koj txhais nws rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lo lus rau lo lus, koj tau txais: "Kuv xav rau kuv tus kheej nrog koj ua hauj lwm." Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub Germans to taub nws ntau tsuas: "Kuv xav nyob rau hauv koj lub chaw ua hauj lwm."

Kawm thiab nco ntsoov

Cia li nco lus, koj yuav tau lug tau sai dlua cov kev tswj ntawm verbs nyob rau hauv German. Ib tug tag nrho daim ntawv teev yog heev impressive, tab sis kawm kom paub nws tiag tiag. Koj yuav tsum to taub tias tsis muaj qhov qhia txog kev tswv yim tsis tsim, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias qhov no yog ib feem ntawm tus hais lus yog lub feem ntau nquag siv, thiab nyob rau hauv txhua hom lus. Cia nyob rau hauv txhua txhua kab lus nws yog. Anrufen (hu), anfangen (pib), antworten (teb), arbeiten (mus ua hauj lwm), thiab ntau npaum li cas - tag nrho cov lus peb siv nyob rau hauv txhua hnub hais lus txhua txhua hnub, hourly. Thiab yog hais tias koj xav mus kawm German lus nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv qhia txog qhov kawg, ces xws li ib tug lub ntsiab raws li cov kev tswj ntawm German verbs, koj yuav tsum coj lub sij hawm. Tab sis tsis nyuaj heev, vim hais tias excuses yog tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas, raws li zoo raws li ntawm tus neeg mob, nruj me ntsis hais lus. Thiab paub txog cov kev qhia tswj ntawm lub German lus (thiab, ntsig txog, muaj ib qho ntawm cov lo lus, verbs), nws yog tau lug tau sai dlua cov kev kawm yooj yim dua thiab sai. Qhov loj tshaj plaws - lub siab xav rau kev txawj ntse.