Alexandrinsky Theatre: keeb kwm, yees duab, xyuas

Ib tug ntawm cov hiob nyob rau hauv Russia, thawj State Theatre Alexandrinsky ib txwm ntawm kev txaus siab rau cov pej xeem thiab cov tib zoo saib ntawm critics. Rau nws ib tug tshwj xeeb account: nws yuav tsum sib haum mus rau lub siab nyob qib ntawm lub Imperial ua yeeb yam, thiab lub hom nws nrog yawm sawv ntsug rau ntau tshaj 250 xyoo.

tiam

tus ntxhais ntawm Peter lub Great reign ntawm Elizabeth cim los ntawm ib tug surge ntawm kev cai lub neej nyob rau hauv Russia. Nyob rau hauv kev, thaum nws qhia tau hais tias kev loj hlob sai ntawm tsom iav kev lag luam, tsim ib tug ntau ntawm cov private theaters, mus nyob ncig saib troupe ntawm txawv teb chaws lam, playwrights sau thawj plays nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Ib tug tau txais qhov yuav tsum tau rau thiab cov creation ntawm lub xeev Theatre rau cov piv txwv ntawm lwm yam European capitals. Thiab Lub yim hli ntuj 30, 1756 Empress Elizabeth Petrovna muab ib tug decree tsim kom muaj cov thawj imperial ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv Russia. Yog li ntawd yav tom ntej Alexandrinka pom nws cov nom raws li txoj cai.

Thawj Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam no yog hu ua, yog siv los sawv cev rau comedy thiab qee. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub troupe yog los ntawm Yaroslavl: Fyodor Volkov, uas tau los ua thawj coj ntawm lub troupe thiab lub lam Demethi-aus, Volkov thiab Popov. Playwright thiab ua yeeb yam thawj coj yuav Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov, uas yog suav hais tias yog txwv zeej txwv koob ntawm Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub repertoire muaj Fabkis ua ntawm Racine, Beaumarchais, Voltaire, Moliere, raws li zoo raws li tej hauj lwm los ntawm Lavxias teb sab sau phau ntawv: Fonvizin, Sumarokov, Lukin Knyazhnin. Lub haum lub ntsiab twb muab tso rau hauv staging comedies.

kev siv ntawm cov vaj tse

Tsev ua yeeb yam enjoyed zoo kawg chaw nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, tab sis nws chav nws muaj, nws mus yuam kev mus txawv chaw, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tau ib tug tshwj xeeb tsev. Tab sis tsuas yog tom qab 76 xyoo tom qab lub founding nyob Alexandrinsky ua yeeb yam, qhov chaw nyob uas yog tam sim no hu rau tej yeeb yam-goers. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw muas thaum chiv thawj nws yog ib tug ntoo lub tsev uas tau txais kev pab Italian troupe Kazassi. Tab sis tom qab lub ua yeeb yam tsaus muag, lub chav tsev yuav nyob rau hauv txhab, thiab ces phem heev puas los ntawm hluav taws nyob rau hauv 1811, nyob rau hauv nws cov teeb meem distracted los ntawm tsov rog nrog rau Napoleon.

Tab sis txawm tsis muaj nyiaj, nyob rau hauv 1810 Carl Rossi tsim ib qhov project cheeb tsam ntawm restructuring. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub 30s, nyob rau hauv Nicholas kuv, tiag seb puas tsimnyog tau rau lo lus nug ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm cov ua yeeb yam. Carl Rossi ua lub taub hau ntawm tus txheej txheem, nws coj nws pab neeg ntawm architects thiab Galberga Tkachev. Cov kev siv tau nyiaj ua lag luam ntau heev ntawm nyiaj txiag, thiab ua hauj lwm tau pib mus rau rhaub: rau hauv paus ntawm lub tsev tau hammered mus rau hauv lub hauv av 5000 pawg, tab sis decorations txiav txim seb yuav cawm tau. Es tsis txhob, tooj liab thiab bronze siv painting thiab ntoo carving.

Tus qauv ua tau nyob rau hauv cia li 4 xyoo, thiab lub yim hli ntuj 31, 1832 Alexandrinsky ua yeeb yam, uas nws qhov chaw nyob - Ostrovsky Square, 6, pom ib lub tsev lub tsev qhov loj tshaj kes duab vajtse ntawm peb lub sij hawm. Carl Rossi coj tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov kev siv, nyob rau hauv nws coj noj coj ua, twb embodied nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm peb tes num cheeb tsam thiab rau sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub chav tsev. Alexandrinsky ua yeeb yam, uas niaj hnub no muaj ib tug yees duab nyob rau hauv ib tug album txhua txhua neeg mus ncig tebchaws uas tau mus xyuas St. Petersburg, yog ib tug monument ntawm tus poj kws kes duab vajtse.

Architecture thiab sab hauv tsim

Alexandrinsky Theatre los ua ib feem ntawm ib tug loj-scale nroog loj hlob tej yaam num nyob rau hauv Russia. Lub pem hauv ntej facade txojkev Neva prospectus, yog tsim raws li ib tug sib sib zog nqus balconies ntawm 10 txhua, uas yog nyob rau saum nthab nto moo Quadriga Apollo. Raws li cov Frieze uas lined lub tsev, nyob rau laurel garlands thiab theatrical qhov ncauj qhov ntswg. Lub sab facades yog dai kom zoo nkauj porticoes ntawm 8 kab. Lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Ottoman style yog ib tug tiag tiag pob zeb diamond ntawm St. Petersburg. Sab txoj kev ua rau lub ua yeeb yam tam sim no bears lub npe ntawm Rossi, nws yog tsim los ntawm kes duab lub vajtse ntawm cov nruj ancient cai. Nws dav yog sib npaug zos rau qhov siab ntawm cov vaj tse thiab qhov muaj zog ntev ntawm raws nraim 10 lub sij hawm. Txoj kev yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev raws li mus sab laj txog cov kev ci zoo nkauj thiab grandeur ntawm lub architectural qauv ntawm daim duab.

Lub sab hauv ntawm lub huab tais yuav tsuas pom nyob rau hauv liab xim, tab sis cov ntaub tsis yog nyob rau hauv txaus qhov ntau, thiab nws cov kev txiav txim yuav zoo heev ncua lub qhib. Kes duab lub vajtse twb tau mus hais tau tus pas ntsuas - raws li cov ua yeeb yam tau txais nws tam sim no nto moo xiav upholstery. Cov cuab yuav haum txog 1770 cov neeg, muaj 107 thawv, chaw, gallery thiab sam thiaj, ci ntsa iab tsim muab nws ib tug amazing acoustics.

imperial lub sij hawm

Nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus poj niam ntawm Nicholas kuv, tus yeeb yam twb npe hu ua cov Alexandrinsky. Nws ua qhov chaw ntawm lub theem lub neej ntawm Russia. Ntawm no originated Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam kev lig kev cai, uas tom qab yuav ua tau lub yeeb koob ntawm lub teb chaws. Alexandrinsky Theatre tom qab tus foundations txhawb li ib txwm repertoire cai: nws staged feem ntau comedy thiab suab paj nruas yeebyam. Tab sis tom qab repertoire yuav heev dua cov loj, ntawm no yog premieres Griboyedov comedy "Woe los ntawm wit", "soj ntsuam" N. V. Gogolya, "nag xob nag" Ostrovsky. Nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm ntawm lub loj tshaj lam: Davydov, Savina, Komissarzhevskaya, Svobodin, Strepetova thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

By kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 Alexandrinsky Theatre mus rau lub hwj chim lub tuam txhab thiab nws ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv ib tug par nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua yeeb yam theaters nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe.

Early 20th century twb cim los ntawm lub ntsoog, uas yuav tsis txhob muaj cov Alexandrinsky Theatre. Nyob rau hauv 1908, nws coj pab neeg no tau txais V. Meyerhold, uas nrhiav los tsim ib tug tshiab repertoire, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ua tib zoo preserves tus uas twb muaj lawm kev lig kev cai. Nws poses cim nrug: "Don Giovanni", "Masquerade", "Cua daj", uas yog masterpieces ntawm ib tug tshiab ua yeeb yam hauv tsev kawm ntawv.

lub Soviet era

Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv 1917, lub yeeb yam twb liam ntawm glorifying lub imperial lub hwj chim, lub sij hawm yog tawv. Nyob rau hauv 1920 nws tau renamed Petrograd Academic Drama ua yeeb yam, thiab nws pib mus koom tso ib tug tshiab ua yeeb yam, "Tus Lower Depths" thiab "Filixatee" Gorky ua si Merezhkovsky, Oscar Wilde, George Bernard Shaw, Alekseya Tolstogo thiab txawm Lunacharsky (Commissar of Education).

Nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab, ntawm lub dag zog ntawm cov thawj thawj coj Yuriya Yureva, fwm galaxy ntawm cov laus masters, koom los ntawm lam ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tshiab: Yakov Malyutin, Leonid Vivien, Elena Karjakin. Thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, cov ua yeeb yam tau evacuated mus Novosibirsk, qhov twg lam txuas ntxiv mus ua si qhia tau hais tias. Nyob rau hauv 1944, lub tuam txhab rov qab mus rau Leningrad.

Lub post-tsov rog thiab lub xyoo uas ua raws li twb tsis yooj yim rau kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv dav dav thiab rau Alexandrinka xws li. Tab sis muaj tseem tshwm zoo-paub ua yeeb yam xws li "Lub neej nyob rau hauv cov xim" raws li Dovzhenko, "Winners" ntawm BN Chirskovu.

Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm zoo heev lam: V. Merkur'ev, A. Freundlich, V. Smirnov, N. Marton, N. Cherkasov, VI Gorbachev thiab ci ntsa iab directors: L. Vivian G. Kozintsev, N. Akimov, G. Tovstonogov. Tus theatre tau tsis poob nws qhov tseeb, txawm ideological teeb meem.

Rov qab mus rau tsim

Nyob rau hauv 1990 nws rov qab mus rau nws cov thawj lub npe, thiab lub ntiaj teb no zoo nkaus li dua Alexandrinsky Theatre. perestroika xyoo muab rau nws yuav tsis yooj yim, tab sis lub ua yeeb yam yog tau tsis tsuas mus rau ciaj sia, tab sis kuj yuav ua kom lub troupe thiab ib cim sau los ntawm decorations thiab khoom. Ua tsaug rau lub dag zog ntawm academician D. S. Lihacheva, ib tug paub tias lub teb chaws cov khoom muaj nqis yuav Alexandrinsky Theatre. St. Petersburg yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam tsis muaj no kev cai lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nws yog ib lub cim ntawm Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam, raws li cov zoo thiab cov Mariinsky Theatre.

hnub no

Alexandrinsky ua yeeb yam, uas xyuas yuav luag ib txwm sau nyob rau hauv glowing cov nqe lus, ua kom lub hom niaj hnub no. Txij li thaum 2003, sawv ntawm lub taub hau ntawm tus thawj coj Valery Fokin. Nws dag zog nyob rau hauv lub Alexandrinsky Theatre Success yog muaj tib lub npe. Nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm Fokine muaj ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog reconstruction ntawm lub ua yeeb yam. Nws muaj ensured tias lub ua yeeb yam yog tus thib ob scene, uas muab tso rau lub sim ua yeeb yam. Nws ntiav neeg ua zoo tshaj plaws lam thiab directors. Tsev ua yeeb yam pom nws lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv khaws cia rau hauv lub sawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab theatrical tsev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv kev them nyiaj yug tshiab tiam sis thiab pab txuj ci.

Nto moo ua yeeb yam productions

Lub repertoire Alexandrinka yeej ib txwm muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kev ua si, muab tag nrho cov no classics: Chekhov, Gorky, Ostrovsky, Griboyedov. Niaj hnub no, cov ua yeeb yam ntawm cov Alexandrinsky Theatre yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm playwrights: "Nora" Ibsen, "Tus Nyob tuag" los ntawm L. Tolstoy, "sib" Gogol, "Lub Ob chav" los ntawm Fyodor Dostoevsky. Txhua daim ntawv qhia no yog ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tseem ceeb. Fokin yog ua zoo heev rau lub repertoire txoj cai, nws hais tias hais tias muaj yuav ua tau tsis muaj lo productions. Lub hom phiaj ua yeeb yam - dag classics, thiab rau tom kawg muaj ib tug ua txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Billboard Alexandrinka.

Lub troupe ntawm lub Alexandrinsky Theatre

Alexandrinsky Theatre (St. Petersburg) yog paub thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no. Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab ua hauj lwm xws qub tub rog ntawm lub scene, raws li N. Urgant, N. Marton, V. Smirnov, E. Ziganshin, raws li zoo raws li feemxyuam hluas: S. Balakshin, E. Belov, Alexander Bolshakov, Alexander Frolov.