Aluminium qib: hom, khoom thiab daim ntaub ntawv

Niaj hnub no, txhuas yog siv rau hauv txhua lub lag luam, los ntawm cov khoom noj khoom noj khoom haus los rau kev tsim cov fuselages ntawm kev kos poom. Rau qee qhov kev tsim kev tsim, tsuas qee cov khoom txhuas uas muaj cov khoom xyaw hauv lub cev uas haum. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau muaj cov thermal conductivity, ductility thiab ductility, tsis muaj corrosion, tsis hnyav thiab ohmic tsis kam. Lawv ncaj qha nyob rau feem pua ntawm cov khoom tsis muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov lus, nrog rau cov cuab yeej ntawm kev tsim los yog kev txhawb nqa. Raws li nrog no, lub ntsiab qib ntawm txhuas yog raug rho tawm.

Hom tshuaj txhuas

Tag nrho cov qhab-nees tau muab piav qhia thiab nkag mus rau hauv ib qho kev sib luag ntawm cov qauv hauv teb chaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb: European EN, American ASTM thiab thoob ntiaj teb ISO. Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws lub txhuas hom txhais los ntawm GOST 11069 thiab 4784. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhuas thiab nws alloys pom tau hais tias nyias. Hauv qhov no, cov hlau nws tus kheej tau muab faib ua hom, thiab cov pob zeb tsis muaj cov cim qhia tshwj xeeb.

Raws li lub teb chaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv, ob hom microstructure ntawm unalloyed aluminium yuav tsum distinguished:

• Purity siab nrog ib feem pua ntawm ntau tshaj 99.95%;
• Kev purity, muaj li ntawm 1% ntawm impurities thiab additives.

Hlau thiab silicon tebchaw yog feem ntau suav hais tias yog impurities. Nyob hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb tus txheej txheem ISO rau txhuas thiab nws cov kev sib tov, ib chav cais tau raug tso tawm.

Txhuas qib

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom tau muab faib ua hom khoom, uas yog tsau rau cov qauv coj, piv txwv li AD0 raws li GOST 4784-97. Hauv qhov no, qhov kev faib tawm no muaj xws li lub tshuab muaj hlau ntau, thiaj li tsis tsim kev tsis meej pem. Cov lus qhia hauv qab no muaj cov npe hauv qab no:

1. Lub Koom Haum Me Nyuam Yaus (A5, A95, A7E).
2. Kev (AD1, AD000, ADS).
3. Deformable (AM2, D1).
4. Foundry (VAL10M, AK12pch).
5. Rau deoxidation ntawm hlau (AB86, AW97F).

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ntau pawg ntawm ligatures - txhuas sib txuas, uas yog siv los tsim hlau alloys los ntawm kub, silver, platinum thiab lwm yam precious hlau.

Thawj txhuas txhuas

Thawj qib txhuas (qib A5) yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm pawg neeg no. Nws yog muab los ntawm kev txhawb nqa alumina. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, cov hlau hauv daim ntawv ntshiab tsis tshwm sim vim yog nws cov tshuaj ua muaj siab. Ua ke nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus, nws tsim cov bauxites, neephelines thiab alunites. Tom qab, alumina yog tau los ntawm cov ores, thiab ntshiab cov zas yog siv los ntawm txoj kev siv tshuaj lub cev.

GOST 11069 qhia meej txog cov qauv uas yuav tsum tau ua rau thawj zaug, uas yuav tsum tau sau tseg los ntawm kev siv cov kab ntsig thiab kab rov tav uas muaj xim txawv xim ntawm cov xim txawv. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau pom daim ntaub ntawv thoob plaws hauv cov lag luam siab, feem ntau yog cov ntaub ntawv nyoos yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo.

Kev Txhuas Txhuas

Kev txhuas yog khoom siv nrog ib feem pua ntawm txawv teb chaws cov khoom muaj nqi tsawg tshaj li 1%. Heev feem ntau nws tseem hu ua undoped. Cov qhab-nees uas muaj txhuas ua raws li GOST 474-97 yog cov qis qis heev, tab sis muaj kev tiv thaiv siab heev. Vim tias tsis muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov hlau, cov yeeb yaj kawv thaiv tau sai sai, uas ruaj khov. Cov qhab nias ntawm cov txhuas muaj cais los ntawm cov cua sov thiab hluav taws xob zoo. Nyob rau hauv lawv lub pob zeb molecular muaj suab tsis muaj impurities scatter ndlwg ntawm electrons. Vim yog cov khoom no, cov khoom siv yog nquag siv hauv qhov ntsuas ua, hauv cov khoom siv cua sov thiab cov tshav kub pauv, cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo.

Deformable txhuas

Cov khoom yuav deformed yog ib cov khoom uas tau ua rau kub thiab txias kev kho mob: dov, nias, kos duab thiab lwm hom. Vim cov yas deformations, semi-tiav cov khoom ntawm ntau longitudinal cross-sections yog tau los ntawm nws: aluminium pas nrig, ntawv, kab xev, phaj, profiles thiab lwm tus. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv deformable siv hauv domestic qhuav yog muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj: GOST 4784, OCT1 92014-90, OCT1 90048 thiab OCT1 90026. Lub yeeb yam ntawm cov khoom siv deformable yog cov qauv ntawm cov kua uas muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm eutectic kua theem, uas yog nyob rau hauv equilibrium Ob los sis ntau tshaj ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov teeb meem.

Lub cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm deformable txhuas, raws li zoo raws li hais tias nyob qhov twg ib txhuas pas nrig yog siv, yog heev ntev. Nws yog siv ob qho tib si rau hauv thaj chaw uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom siv - hauv kev siv nkoj thiab kev siv dav hlau, thiab kev tsim kho qhov chaw raws li kev sib cais rau cov vuam.

Foundry txhuas

Foundry aluminium qhab nia raug siv rau cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv. Lawv lub ntsiab feature yog ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm high zog tshwj xeeb thiab tsawg ntom, uas ua rau nws tau nrum cov khoom ntawm txoj kev tsis muaj cracking.

Raws li lawv lub hom phiaj, cov khoom tsim npe tau txais los sib cais ua pawg:

1. Cov ntaub ntawv ruaj khov (AL2, AL9, AL4M).
2. Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj zog thiab kub kub (AL 19, AL5, AL33).
3. Cov tshuaj uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov.

Heev feem ntau, qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov khoom siv nrum cov khoom siv yog kho kom zoo los ntawm ntau hom tshuaj kho kub.

Txhuas rau deoxidation

Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tsim yog cuam tshuam los ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv khoom ntawm txhuas. Thiab kev siv cov qib kawm qib qis tsis yog tas rau kev tsim cov khoom ua tiav. Feem ntau nws yog siv los deoxidize steel - tshem cov pa tawm ntawm cov hlau, uas yog yaj hauv nws thiab yog li ua rau cov khoom siv dag zog ntawm cov hlau. Rau kev ua tiav cov txheej txheem no, cov npe AB86 thiab AV97F tau siv ntau dua.