Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws: qhov riam phom uas muaj lub npe

Thoob plaws hauv lub keeb kwm ntev ntawm Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws yog qhov kev kaj siab thiab nyob ntsiag to ntawm nws tsawg qhua. Sib nrug los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias muaj neeg ntau heev ntawm lub Nile yuav tsum tau ua cov kev tawm tsam ntawm warlike cov neeg nyob ze thiab heev heev nomadic pab pawg neeg, lub xeev tseg shaken los ntawm sab hauv kev tsis sib haum, poured mus rau hauv ntshav riots thiab nyob tsis tau. Yog li ntawd ancient Egypt riam phom feem ntau ua ib tug decisive sib cav rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ntau qho tseem ceeb heev teeb meem.

Lub ntsiab lub sij hawm ntawm ancient Iyiv keeb kwm

Feeb ntau, lub keeb kwm ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob peb ua sawv, lub ntsiab sawv daws yuav yog:

1. Ancient nceeg vaj yuav tsum vov lub sij hawm los ntawm 3.2 th. Yuav kom 2.4 txhiab. BC. e. Nws twb preceded by pre-dynastic lub sij hawm thiab rau hauv thaum ntxov dynastic lub sij hawm.
2. Middle Kingdom - los ntawm 2.1 txhiab rau 1.8 txhiab xyoo BC ... e.
3. Tshiab Kingdom - nruab nrab ntawm 1.7 txhiab xyoo BC. thiab 1.1 txhiab. BC. e. Nws tau ua raws li lig thiab Hellenistic sij hawm.

Qhov no chronology yog es conditional, raws li ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov loj lub sij hawm ntawm keeb kwm tau heev ib tug ntev txoj kev hloov ua ib tug ib ntus mob nom tswv thiab kev tawm tsam, uas yog muaj Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws. Riam phom thaum lub sij hawm cov sij hawm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv coob li yeej tsis ua ntej, muab ntxiv impetus mus txhim kho nws.

Yog vim li cas cov creation ntawm ib tug tsis tu ncua cov tub rog

Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub qub Kingdom, tawm hauv ib tug cim xeeb ntawm cov kev siv ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws thiab nto moo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm ntawm lub pyramids, lub ntsiab kev hem thawj rau lub yav qab teb ciam teb rau lwm ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws twb sawv cev los ntawm nws cov tsoos cov yeeb ncuab ntawm lub Nubians, thiab rau sab hnub tuaj - nomadic Bedouins. Txij li thaum cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm lawv intrusion thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov lag luam tawm tseem khiav yog tseem ceeb heev, lub Pharaohs muaj npaum li cas kev saib xyuas ntawm kev tsim ib cov kev pab tub rog units muaj uniform riam phom. Cov muaj mas free peasants, tau txais rau lawv Services ib tug tej yam cov nyiaj hli.

Yuav ua li cas ua riam phom nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt?

Thaum tag nrho cov theem ntawm tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws cov riam phom depended feem nyob rau hauv theem ntawm kev kawm. Txij li thaum lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas nws yog tseem nyob rau hauv nws thawj zaug rau theem, riam phom nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt tau ua los ntawm cov txwv daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv, uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub ces gunsmiths. Ntawm co nyob rau hauv lawv muaj tsuas yog tooj liab thiab bronze, uas yog cia rau qhov siv thiab ua ntaj thiab sib ntaus sib tua-axes. Ua los ntawm cov riam phom nyob rau lub sij hawm no kim heev thiab siv mas commanders ntawm ntau ntau ntau thiab los ntawm lub pharaohs.

Txawm li cas los, lub ntsiab tawm quab yuam ntawm cov tub rog tub rog tau armed nrog hmuv rau cov tibneeg thiab shields mus nkaum qab. Ib tug cais ceg ntawm kev pab cuam yog archers thiab cov tub rog, ua kom puas rau tus yeeb ncuab clubs. Spearheads thiab arrowheads, raws li zoo raws li lub sauv nyeem tas ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg, hu ua saum, ua los ntawm cov pob zeb uas tawv.

Shields thiab wigs Marines

Egyptians lub shields muaj feem ntau ntawm ob hom - loj, yuav luag txog warrior lub puab tsaig thiab sharpened nyob rau sab saum toj, raws li zoo raws li me me, muaj ib tug yeej zoo lawm. Raws li cov neeg thiab lwm tus neeg raug muab nyob rau hauv sab hauv nrog tshwj xeeb koj cov menyuam tso cai rau kom lawv, thiab yooj yim ua ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev sib ntaus los hom kev kawm.

Raws li rau cov khaub ncaws ntawm ancient warriors, nyob rau hauv view ntawm lub qhuav thiab kub kev nyab xeeb yog tsis muaj tshwj xeeb khaub ncaws lawv muaj. Feem ntau, lawv ib pab tub rog muaj ib tug luv luv tiab, kuj ntau ntawm cov pej xeem pej xeem, raws li zoo raws li wigs ntawm sheepskin. Qhov no seemingly hniav attribute, muaj cuaj kaum ib tug txhob txwm utilitarian lub hom phiaj. Ua los ntawm ob peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm sheepskin, plaub cov tawm xws li headgear nyiam tau ua si ib lub luag hauj lwm, tiv thaiv cov tub rog lub taub hau los tsoo ib lub club los yog pab pawg.

Iyiv Phalanx

Hais txog qhov luaj li cas thiab muaj peev xwm ua ntawm cov neeg Iyiv pab tub rog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm vaj ntxwv Sneferu (2614-2579 gg. BC. E.) By sib ntaus sib tua cov Iyi twb tau mus ntes nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau nplua nuj tsuas thiab txawm 700 txhiab. Raug kaw. Txij li thaum lub sib ntaus sib tua yuav tsum tau qhib tiaj roob hav, lub ntsiab kev sib ntaus los tactics ntawm cov Iyi yog los tsim kom tau ib tug Phalanx - tuab ibyam, muaj raws ntawm pikemen, zais los ntawm shields.

Qab lawv tuaj lub archers, firing tshaj lawv taub hau thiab da dej tus yeeb ncuab nrog huab ntawm xib xub. Yog hais tias qhov no tactic yog kuj thov nyob rau hauv lwm haiv neeg, yeej ib txwm yeej ntau disciplined thiab kawm tub rog. Nyob rau hauv no hwm, cov Iyi twb tsis muaj sib npaug zos.

Nta ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub Middle Kingdom lub sij hawm

Riam phom ntawm Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws thaum lub sij hawm lub Middle Kingdom koom los ntawm ntau taus. Nyob rau hauv dhau keeb kwm lub sij hawm lawv twb paub tias yuav tus ntug dej ntawm lub Nile, tab sis siv tsis tshua vim hais tias ntawm nws cov high nqi. Qhov kev txiav no-thiab-tho riam phom, uas yog ib tug yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug dav nkhaus taus, raug tua nyob rau hauv ib tug ntev pas, ua los ntawm cov bronze, li ntawd nws yog kim heev.

Raws li ua ntej, cov tub rog tau muab faib mus rau hauv cov tub rog siv nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua shields, thiab cov neeg uas ua tsis tau lawv. Cov yav tas los xws li spearmen, uas nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub Middle Kingdom kuj tuaj koom lub Marines nrog axes thiab mus rau lub thib ob - tus warriors armed nrog hmuv rau cov tibneeg, axes, axes, maces thiab clubs.

Nrhav nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus los tactics

Tej kho thiab cov txheej txheem rau constructing lub sib ntaus sib tua phalanxes. Yog hais tias lawv yog ib kab, tam sim no cov tub rog pib tsim ib ob peb ibyam, tig mus rau lwm nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los lub sij hawm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm cov neeg uas yog muab tso rau hauv sab nraum qab ntawm lub chav tsev, muaj ib tug hmuv nrog ntev shafts, tso lawv los kuj ntaus tus yeeb ncuab.

Qhov no txoj kev tso kawm ntawm spearmen hu ua sib sib zog nqus tsev thiab ces siv los ntawm ntau cov tub rog. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias feem ntau ntawm nws lub zoo meej piv txwv yog tus naas ej hauv Makadaunias Phalanx, kuaj thiab tsim no innovation Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws, uas nws ua tsov rog txawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tso cai rau kev siv ntawm tej tactics sib ntaus sib tua.

Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov neeg Iyiv pab tub rog nyob rau hauv lub Middle Kingdom yog hais tias nws muaj tag nrho ntawm infantry, thiab tej zaum yuav siv tsis tau nees, tab sis yog tus Nile nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm lawv twb paub. Raws li ua ntej, nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm sib ntaus sib tua ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm tau muab rau cov archers, riam phom uas muaj ob peb kho.

Nws yog ib tug heev formidable quab yuam. Suav qhia tau hais tias cov tub rog, ua ntaj riam thaiv nrog qhov nyuaj bows ua los ntawm ib daim ntoo, thiab ib tug thiab ib tug ib nrab meters nyob rau hauv uas, muaj peev xwm tau ntaus tus yeeb ncuab ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 150 meters. Nrog rau ntawd, muaj kuj ntau tshaj cov qauv ntawm cov no ua tsov rog, sau los ntawm ntau hom ntawm ntoo thiab them nrog tawv. Tab sis vim hais tias ntawm nws cov high nqi, lawv twb tsis yog mus siv cuag mus zoo tib yam cov tub rog.

Cov poob thiab tom ntej lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws

Rau lub Egyptians ntawm lub Middle Kingdom nws twb phem heev. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib feem vim lub fact tias lawv tsis kom sai tam lub tshiab tub rog nyob rau lub sij hawm sib ntaus los caj npab - lub tsheb ua rog, uas tau ntev tau siv los ntawm cov neeg zej zog. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, uas lawv tau txais ib tug iab zaj lus qhia, prepodnesonny lawv pab pawg neeg Hyksos nomads.

Siv high-ceev ob sib ntaus sib tua lub tsheb ua rog, lawv ua xob nres, da dej nag ntawm cov yeeb ncuab xib xub thiab xyuam xim tawm hauv los ntawm kev raug txim. Rau lawv mobile detachments ntawm pab tub rog thiab riam phom ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws, twb tuav nyob rau yav dhau los theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, tsis ua rau ib tug loj txaus ntshai. Cov los ua nws tuav thiab tshaj Hyksos lub sij hawm ces tsis kam.

Revival ua ntej cov haib, tab sis lub yeej barbarians State pib ib ncig ntawm lub XVII xyoo pua BC. e. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau tus txheej txheem no yog hais tias lub warriors ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws thiab lawv cov riam phom tau undergone txaus ntshai kev hloov uas tau tso cai thaum kawg ntiab tawm lub invaders.

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv tau kawm tsis tau tsuas yog rau yug nees, tab sis kuj yuav tswj lawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Iyiv craftsmen borrowed los ntawm neeg txawv teb chaws raug technology tsheb ua rog, thiab yav tas los Marines muaj mastered rau tus txheej txheem ntawm kev siv lawv zoo tub rog ua hauj lwm.

Nws ntsia zoo li lub tsheb ua rog?

Uas yog ib tug Iyiv tsheb ua rog, niaj hnub no yuav raug txiav txim los ntawm lub extant dluab, raws li zoo raws li artifacts sab thaum lub sij hawm archaeological excavations. Nws yog ib lub teeb wagon, tsim los rau ob tug neeg, ib tug ntawm cov uas tau khiav ob nees harnessed rau nws, thiab lub thib ob lub sij hawm no raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm ib rab hneev nti.

Nws tsim tau xeeb nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas lub tsheb ua rog muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tau hnyav, thiab yog muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm siab speeds. Rau lub hom phiaj no, peb muab ib tug yuav tsum tau tus xov tooj ntawm sab ntoo ntseej, thiab hauv pem teb ua los ntawm nyias braided rods. Log nrog nqaim ntoo hoops thiab tsis muaj ntau npaum li cas nyhav. Mus rau sab ntawm lub tsheb ua rog fastened quivers ntawm xib xub, lub Tshuag ntawm uas tso cai rau ib tug tas mus sib ntaus sib tua.

Nrhav nyob rau hauv tej caj npab ntaub ntawv

Txawm li cas los, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj uas yuav tsa cov khoom ntawm cov tub rog mus rau ib tug tshiab npaum li, ua tus txhim kho nyob rau hauv cov hlau ua. Ua tsaug rau lawv, cov laus pob zeb uas tawv hmuv rau cov tibneeg thiab xib xub twb hloov los ntawm hlau pom. Nws lawm thiab cov qauv ntawm bows lawv tus kheej, yuav ho txhim kho cov neeg thiab ntau yam ntawm kev sib ntaus los.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, tus laus tus riam phom ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws, nrog rau cov npe uas yog feem ntau paub lovers ntawm keeb kwm, supplemented los ntawm innovation, borrowed, raws li cov kev soj ntsuam, los ntawm lub Sumerians. Qhov no yog qhov thiaj li hu ua KHOPESH - ib hom ntawm txias steel, muaj raws ntawm sickle-zoo li tus hniav thiab qhov kov. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm no hom ntawm rab ntaj yog nws cov high allergic, uas tso cai rau mus ntaus cov tub rog, hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv cov hlau tej cuab yeej.

Nws yog noteworthy tias cov tawm nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm tshiab hom riam phom pom thiab boomerangs, nrog looks yuav luag indistinguishable los ntawm cov neeg uas siv lub inhabitants ntawm teb chaws Australia thiab Polynesia. Txij li thaum nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tej qiv no tau tsuas xav hais tias lawv teb chaws yog ncaj qha Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws.

Riam phom thiab tub rog koom haum ntawm lub tshiab Kingdom

Qhov saum toj no-piav kev nrhav yuav ho restructure thiab tag nrho cov tub rog lub koom haum ntawm lub xeev. Tsis tas li ntawd pub los ntawm yav dhau los centuries ntawm infantry - "mesh", nyob charioteers - "netheter", uas los ua ib tug zoo ntawm cov tub rog cov neeg tseem ceeb. Lawv mob siab lawv lub neej kom kawm thiab sib ntaus sib tua kev txawj ntse ntawm tus txiv mus tub tso ib qho chaw nyob rau hauv lub tsheb.

Lawv kuj undergone hloov khaub ncaws thiab riam phom ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws infantrymen. Los ntawm tib lub plawv-luam daim tiab ntxiv tiv thaiv aprons, yuav tsum vov lub plab ntawm ib tug tub rog. Tsis tau ncajncees thiab disused plaub wigs hloov headscarves, kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lub scorching sab ntawm lub hnub.

Nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev paub cov khoom Iyiv cov tub rog ntawm lub tshiab Kingdom lub sij hawm, twb coj tuaj rau lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kadesh (1274 BC. E.), qhov twg lawv pab tub rog converged rau lub battlefield nrog lub troops ntawm Hithai Kingdom. Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws, riam phom uas mus txhim kho, lo nws tsoos ntaub ntawv, xws li bows, hmuv rau cov tibneeg, xib xub hluav taws, sib ntaus sib tua axes, axes, ntaj, thiab tshwm sim ua ntej KHOPESH, raws li tau sib tham txog saum toj no, hais tias hnub tshwm sim los rau lub ntiaj teb no, thiab ob tug kiag li tshiab hom ntaj .

Lawv yog cov muab ob npaug rau-edged tuaj forged los ntawm steel (hu ua lawv manufactured los ntawm bronze) tau nplooj zoo li tus, uas lawv ntseeg nkaws tapered nyob rau hauv nws xaus. Nws yog nyiam thiab txhais caj npab, txawm peem rau nrog ib tug lub khob hliav qab-zoo li tus neeb. Lawv zoo tib yam, thiab qhov txawv yog mas nyob rau hauv qhov loj ntawm lawv tsim. Qhov no sib ntaus sib tua yog ib tug watershed, qhov twg bronze thiab tooj liab nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm cov tub rog tau muab txoj kev uas yuav hlau.

Nyob rau hauv tom ntej keeb kwm lub sij hawm ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws riam phom (yees duab ntawm nws cov neeg kuaj muaj qhia nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) tau undergone ntxiv hloov, uas ua los ntawm ob qho tib si hauj kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, thiab cov kev loj hlob ntawm thoob ntiaj teb kev sib raug zoo.