Antidepressants ntawm tiam dhau los. Antidepressants: Dab tsi yog qhov zoo? Kev txheeb xyuas cov kws kho mob, cov nqi

Niaj hnub no, kev nyuaj siab, tsis yog cov laus tab sis kuj cov me nyuam thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas. Tus kab mob no thiab cov hau kev ntawm combating nws mob siab rau ib tug ntau ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb thiab ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom thiab cov phau ntawv. Yog hais tias peb txhais nrog "scientific" rau hauv zoo tib yam lus, kev nyuaj siab - yog tsis muaj zog thiab lub siab xav mus nyob. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog nkees thiab lossi nyob rau hauv ib tug phem mus ob peb vas, ntxhov siab vim thiab qaug zog, nkees thiab moodiness.

Niaj hnub nimno pharmacology muaj kam nrog rau tus kab mob tas tiam antidepressants. Yuav ua li cas ntau tiam timoleptikov (kuj hu ua kab mob, khiav tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab) nyob hnub no hais tias lawv muaj nyob rau hauv ntau thiab txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam, dab tsi yog qhov mechanism ntawm lawv txiav txim? No thiab lwm yam lus nug yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub npaj tsab xov xwm rau koj.

Yuav ua li cas yog antidepressants?

Qhov no yeeb tshuaj, los ntawm kev uas koj muaj peev xwm alleviate cov tsos mob thiab txawm tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab. Lub ntsiab mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim yog aimed ntawm kho lub biochemical kev ua si ntawm tus tib neeg lub hlwb. Paj hlwb, nws Cheebtsam, zwm sib txuas lus nrog txhua lwm yam los ntawm tshwj xeeb tshuaj - neurotransmitters. Raws li ib tug txoj kev xav, depressive ntshawv siab tshwm sim thaum uas nyob rau hauv lub hlwb vim muaj ntau yam yog vim li cas, ho txo theem ntawm ib tug neeg tuaj daws kho los yog ib tug biogenic amine: dopamine, norepinephrine los yog serotonin. qhov tseeb tiam ntawm antidepressants, raws li zoo raws li tag nrho cov yav tas los sawv daws yuav, muaj ib tug regulating thiab kho rau lub hlwb biochemical dab los hloov tus concentration ntawm ib tug biogenic amine.

Yuav ua li cas yog lawv rau?

Dhau li ntawd niaj hnub antidepressants pab tiv nrog lub tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab, feem ntau lawv yog siv los kom tshem tau tej teeb meem:

• ib tug ntau yam ntawm tsis paub hais tias keeb kwm mob;
• noj mob los yog pw tsaug zog;
• mob loj heev qaug zog los yog tsis muaj zog;
• nervousness los yog kev xav ntawm DC voltage;
• bouts ntawm nervousness los yog ntxhov siab vim;
• teeb meem ywm los yog teebmeem.

tiam antidepressants

Ua ntej koj xav txog yuav ua li cas ntau tiam ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab uas tsim los ntawm hnub no, peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov hais tias antidepressants nyob sab xwb nyob rau hauv nruab nrab XX caug xyoo. Rau hnub tim, nyob ntawm seb lub sij hawm ntawm lub tsim muaj thiab pib ntawm qhov kev siv nyob rau hauv saib mob xyaum, raws li zoo raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm antidepressants, nws txiav txim siab los faib plaub tiam ntawm cov tshuaj no.

Cov kev npaj ntawm cov thawj tiam

Tus thawj tiam, qhib nyob rau hauv 50-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, sawv cev tricyclic timoleptikov cyclic kev txiav txim (TCAs). Cov no muaj xws tshuaj, "amitriptyline" (antidepressant, yog tus thawj ntawm cov pej xeem) thiab nws cov derivatives, raws li zoo raws li "Nefazodone" tshuaj "Anafranil" thiab "Melipraminum". Cov tebchaw ua thaiv cov hlab norepinephrine reuptake, li no ua nws cov concentration. Txawm li cas los, TCAs sim tsis tau tsuas yog norepinephrine (noradrenaline), tab sis kuj tag nrho cov lwm yam los lawv txoj kev neurotransmitters, uas ua rau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm phiv tsis kaj siab, nyob rau hauv particular xws li ib tug ntse nce nyob rau hauv cov ntshav siab thiab muaj zog lub plawv dhia. Tshuaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no yog heev tshuaj lom, thiab yuav ua rau muaj ntawm overdose thaum uas siv cov lawv yog heev siab heev, uas yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li me ntsis siv nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab niaj hnub no.

Ntxiv mus, lub thawj tiam muaj xws li tsis siv niaj hnub no muaj irreversible inhibitors ntawm monoamine oxidase (Mao) tshuaj - "Iproniazid", "tranylcypromine," "isocarboxazid". Lawv txiav txim no yog raws li nyob rau hauv inhibition ntawm cov kev ua ntawm paj txoj ntawm lub hlwb neurons, li no ua lub concentration ntawm serotonin thiab norepinephrine.

Ob txhais-tiam tshuaj

Qhov thib ob tiam, tsis zoo li lub ua ntej, muaj ib tug ntau xim, tab sis weaker ntxim rau cov neurotransmitters thiab neurons lawv tus kheej. Nws muaj xws li tetracyclic irreversible (Mao-B) thiab reversible (Mao-A) monoamine reuptake inhibitors, xws npaj hais raws li "Lerivon", "Lyudiomil", "Pirazidol" thiab lwm tus neeg. Vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lub txais tos muaj ib tug txheej ntawm es phiv loj heev, tab sis kuj vim hais tias ntawm lub sis raug zoo nrog ntau yam tshuaj thiab unpredictable los, cov tshuaj ntawm no pab pawg neeg yog siv heev tsis tshua muaj. Nyob rau hauv cov khw es tsis yooj yim mus nrhiav tau ib pab pawg neeg ntawm antidepressants, monoamine reuptake inhibitors. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub lawv pom nyob rau hauv lwm yam tshuaj uas nrov npe. Yog li ntawd, kws txawj hais tias, hais tias cov tshuaj "Lyudiomil" - yog tib yam ntsiav tshuaj "maprotiline" nqi, chaw tsim tshuaj paus, thiab cov nkaus xwb lwm yam lub teb chaws.

peb tiam

Niaj hnub nimno kawm txoj moo zoo pom tias nyob rau hauv lub hlwb thiab cov hlab hlwb yog muab kev koom tes ib co 30 kev sib kho, tab sis rau cov "tswv cuab" ntawm kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov peb ntawm lawv: serotonin, dopamine thiab norepinephrine (noradrenaline). Qhov thib peb tiam muaj xws li xim serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) sawv cev los ntawm xws li ntau siv niaj hnub antidepressants, cov tshuaj "Zoloft", "citalopram", "Prozac", "Tsipraleks", "paroxetine", "Pliz" thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Cov tshuaj thaiv lub kev sib kho yog tsis yog txhua txhua, tab sis tsuas yog ib - serotonin. Los ntawm kev quab yuam ntawm tej yam lawv ua tsis tau zoo yog mus rau tus thawj-tiam tshuaj, tab sis sab los muaj ho tsawg tshaj li uas ntawm lwm yam predecessors. Tag nrho SSRI tshuaj zoo heev thiab yuav tsum tau zam lub txim rau zoo li ntawd. Txawm li cas los, peb txhua tus lub cev nws muaj nws tus kheej ib tug neeg tus yam ntxwv, thiab vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov xov tooj thiab lub dag lub zog ntawm lub sab los yuav tau sib txawv nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub. Cov kws kho mob hais tias feem ntau unpleasant tshwm sim los ntawm lub peb-tiam tshuaj insomnia, kiv taub hau, xeev siab thiab ntxhov siab vim.

Yog SSRIs kim heev. Yog li, ib tug ncaj zoo-paub thiab siv lug medicament "citalopram" tus nqi nyob rau hauv khw muag tshuaj, nyob ntawm seb lub hom, los ntawm cov uas nws yog ua, yuav sib txawv ntawm 870 mus rau 2000 rubles.

Plaub-tiam antidepressants

Cov tshuaj noj koom SIOZSiN pab pawg neeg (xim serotonin reuptake inhibitor thiab ib tug norepinephrine). Cov no yog cov tseeb tiam ntawm antidepressants, raws li cov tshuaj "Cymbalta", "Milnacipran", "Remeron", "Effexor" uas thaiv lub capture thiab norepinephrine, thiab serotonin. Tshuaj "Zyban" thiab "Wellbutrin" tsis nrog serotonin, thiab dopamine, thiab norepinephrine tuav. Kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj uas yog attributable rau cov pab pawg neeg, pib xwb nyob rau hauv nruab nrab 90-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, thiab txhua txhua xyoo muaj ntau cov tshuaj tshiab.

Cov kws kho mob muaj peev xwm tsis hais tiag tiag uas nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws anti-depressant, nws yog nyob rau hauv tus tsis yooj yim sua, raws li rau kev kho mob ntawm ntau hom ntawm depressive ntshawv siab kho yog xaiv ib lub zuj zus, noj mus rau hauv tus account tus yam ntxwv ntawm txhua tus neeg mob tus mob.

Nrov niaj hnub timoleptiki

Paub ntawm lub loj ntawm lub tej yam ntawm no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb, nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias tias tag nrho cov tau - ob qho tag nrho cov zoo thiab tsis zoo - txim yuav twv seb thiab neutralize xwb ib tug neeg ti teg taw - ib tug kws kho mob. Noj rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov neeg tus yam ntxwv thiab los kuaj, nws yog tus kws kho mob yuav xaiv raws nraim qhov antidepressants, uas tau zoo tshaj plaws kev pab nyob rau hauv koj tej kev cov ntaub ntawv, muaj tsawg heev phiv. Nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub thaum noj cov tshuaj muaj teeb meem, nws yog tus kws kho mob yuav tau kho los yog hloov cov kev kho mob regimen. Niaj hnub no feem ntau cov kws xav kom cov neeg mob uas depressive ntshawv siab npaj los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov xim serotonin reuptake inhibitors thiab noradrenaline zoo tej yam uas tau raug qhia tau tseeb nyob rau hauv xyaum. Tej medicaments li "milnacipran" "Flux" ( "fluoxetine"), "duloxetine", "Velaksin" ( "venlafaxine") - lub feem ntau thiab dav siv lub cim antidepressants. Xav txog cov feem ntau nrov nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm depressive ntshawv siab timoleptiki.

"Flukosetin" tshuaj

Qhov no tshuaj yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub SSRI pab pawg neeg, nws combines ob antidepressant thiab hom los. Tshuaj "Flux", kuj hu ua anti-depressant "Fluoxetine", yuav pab txo kev ntxhov siab vim thiab nro, tshem tawm ntshai thiab pab txoj kev mus ob peb vas. Qhov zoo tshaj siv ntawm nws, raws li cov kws, psychotherapists, nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob ntawm asthenic kev nyuaj siab nrog apathy thiab kev nyuaj siab ntawm qhov ntau heev thiab obsessive-compulsive tsis meej. Nws yuav siv cov tshuaj no nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm bulimia. Antidepressant "Fluoxetine" twb xub sau npe nyob rau hauv 1974 nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum kawg, nws mus rau tus thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv kev muag khoom nyob rau hauv lub UK, cia li nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv luam lub npe - txhais tau tias "Prozac". Nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov no tshuaj yog siv lug thiab muaj ntau yam clinicians hais tias nws yog tshuaj rau cov neeg mob los yog Generics nyob rau hauv ntau yam depressive lub xeev.

Tshuaj "Paroxetine"

Qhov no yog lub feem ntau haib ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm ib tus neeg sawv cev pab pawg neeg ntawm cov xim inhibitors, xim serotonin reuptake, kheev siv nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm kev ntxhov siab vim tsiv siab thiab kev nyuaj siab. Niaj hnub no, cov tshuaj, cov active ingredient uas yog paroxetine, zoo nkauj npaum li cas. Qhov no Lavxias teb sab kev npaj "Adepress" los ntawm "Veropharm" kho "pliz" los ntawm Croatian npe ntawm Pliva, Hungarian tshuaj "Reksetin" los ntawm Gedeon Richter thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Tsis muaj teeb meem li cas nazyvatsya tshuaj "Paroxetine", xyuas ntawm nws nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si cov neeg mob thiab cov kws kho mob rau qhov cov zoo.

Tshuaj "Wellbutrin"

Zoo npe hu ua "Zyban" los yog "NouSmok". Lub active ingredient ntawm tag nrho peb cov tshuaj yog bupropion hydrochloride, pab nce nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov dopamine thiab norepinephrine nyob rau hauv lub hlwb. Cov tshuaj nrog rau qhov no active ingredient tsis tsuas txo cov tsos mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab, tab sis kuj pab kom kov yeej lub siab lub ntsws los ntawm nicotine ntsoos ntsoos. Qhov no tshuaj pab txoj kev mus ob peb vas thiab tsub kom efficiency. Tswv yim los ntawm cov neeg uas tau mus tua cov nicotine yees los ntawm kev siv xws cov tshuaj raws li "Wellbutrin", "NouSmok" thiab "Zyban", sib tham txog lub siab miv nyuas siv zug ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm txiav.

"Cymbalta" tshuaj

Qhov npaj ntawm tus plaub-tiam antidepressants yog inhibitors ntawm reuptake ntawm norepinephrine thiab serotonin, ib txhij nqa tawm ib tug me ntsis qaug dab peg ntawm dopamine. Cov tshuaj active tshuaj yog duloxetine muaj ib tug es siab, piv nrog rau lwm cov antidepressant txiav txim ceev. Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm tag nrho ob qho kws kho mob thiab cov neeg mob ib tug ntshiab antidepressive nyhuv yog manifested los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub thawj - thaum pib ntawm lub lim tiam thib ob ntawm kev txais tos. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no yog sib txawv uniformity ntawm kev txiav txim thiab thoob plaws lub sij hawm ntawm nws daim ntawv thov. Txawm li cas los, muaj ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg mob, nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim hais tias cov nyhuv cov tshuaj no yog hais tias lawv tshwm sim, nws tsis muaj zog. Raws li twb tau hais, tus neeg yam ntxwv ntawm biochemical kev tig cev feem ntau ua rau lub fact tias ib tug yeeb tshuaj kho los ntawm ib tus kws kho mob, yuav tsis muab cov kev tsim tshwm sim.

Yuav ua li cas npaum li cas?

Hnub no yog heev yooj yim mus tham txog cov tshuaj nqi. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub txiaj ua lag luam yog ib co tsis ruaj tsis khov, thiab newer antidepressants, rau qhov cov tuaj rau peb los ntawm txawv teb chaws producers, tus nqi ntawm uas tau muab nyob rau hauv euros. Uas yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv lub rooj hauv qab no qhia tau hais tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab nyiaj pab ntau tshaj tus nqi nyob rau hauv rubles, vim hais tias lawv tsuas muaj peev xwm tsis tsum sim. Ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj uas nkag mus rau yav tas los muag txawm nyob rau hauv qub nqi, thaum tshiab los txog yog cov ntau ntau kim heev.

Yog hais tias koj saib lub rooj zoo zoo, koj yuav pom hais tias nws lacks lub thib ob-tiam tshuaj, namely MAOIs (monoamine reuptake inhibitors). Qhov no yog tsis yog ib tug yuam kev. Qhov no yog hais tias cov antidepressants muaj ib tug ntau ntawm phiv tsis kaj siab thiab incompatibility nrog ntau cov tshuaj yuav tsis xyaum siv nyob rau hauv European lub teb chaws. Lub US tsis tshua muaj siv "isocarboxazid" tshuaj "Ugenelzin" thiab "tranylcypromine," thiab nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws - lub tshuaj "Nialamide". Tag nrho cov saum toj no tshuaj no nws muaj xwb nyob rau hauv lub saib xyuas ntawm kev puas hlwb kev noj qab nyob cov tub txawg.

Cov lus no kom meej meej qhia tau hais tias lub "classic" tricyclic antidepressants nqi ho tsawg dua qhov newer tshuaj SSRI thiab SIOZSiN. Yog li, tham txog lub siab nyob rau ntawm zoo antidepressant tshuaj rau feem ntau ntawm cov pejxeem tsis muaj mus. Txawm li cas los, tus kws kho mob tej zaum yuav pab tau los mus xaiv tus tsis tshua kim tshuaj nrog zoo xws li cov zog, thiaj li hu ua generic.

Sis nrog lwm yam tshuaj

Antidepressants yuav koom tau nrog lwm cov tshuaj, txawm tias cov neeg uas zoo li peb yuav tsum tau muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab paub. Qhov tseem active nyob rau hauv no hwm yog timoanaleptiki tricyclic thiab monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tab sis npaj pawg SSRIs thiab SIOZSiN tsis yog nrog lwm yam tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, yog hais tias tus kws kho mob prescribes koj tej tshuaj rau kev nyuaj siab, koj yuav tsum tau nrhiav paub tias koj yuav muab lawv cov txais tos uas siv cov lwm yam tshuaj, noj tshuaj pab, thiab txawm teas thiab herbal infusions.

Haus dej cawv thiab antidepressants

Raws li coj txawv txawv raws li nws lub suab, tab sis ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg uas xav tau kev txais neeg kawm timoleptikov ntau yam yog vim li cas, hais li cas feem ntau nws yog tau mus ua ke cov qauv ntawm cov "intoxicating" dej haus thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj ntawm kev nyuaj siab. Yuav kom teb tau lo lus nug no yog heev yooj yim: Yog hais tias koj xav kom muab kev pheej hmoo rau lawv cov kev puas hlwb thiab lub cev noj qab haus huv, thiab tej zaum lub neej, sim nws! Qhov tseeb hais tias dej cawv thiab anti-depressants muaj ib tug loj ntxim rau cov central lub paj hlwb thiab lub hlwb, thiab qhov no muab ob npaug rau siab yuav adversely muaj feem xyuam rau ob lub "Lub hom phiaj Control Center", piv txwv li, lub hlwb thiab lub nruab nrog cev thiab tshuab kev qhia rau nws. Seb puas los yog tsis mus ua ke - cov kev txiav txim siab los txais koj thiab xwb koj.

es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug xaus

Nws yog tsis tsim nyog yuav tau xav thiab "wrestle" lawm, antidepressants tau zoo thiab zoo tshaj. Yog hais tias koj xav hais tias txhua txhua hnub yuav ntau thiab ntau nyuaj rau nyob tshaj yav dhau los ib tug, lub zog yog tsis txaus txawm rau feem ntau yooj yim thiab mundane teeb meem, nrog ib tug kws! Koj tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj koj tus mob thiab muab cov kev tsim nyog kho mob, xaiv lub feem ntau tsim nyog noj tshuaj rau koj. Nws yuav tsis tsuas yog yuav los tiv thaiv-depressants. Arsenal hnub no lub tshuaj yog heev uas nws kim heev: sib txawv ntawm cov hlwb, ce thiab acupuncture, ua pa hom kev kawm thiab lub cev txoj kev kho.