"Cyclosporine": Cov lus qhia siv. "Cyclosporin A": qhia ntawv. Qhov muag poob nrog cyclosporine

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, muaj tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm ntawm suppressing lub cellular thiab humoral kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv tus tsiaj lub cev nqa tawm los ntawm T-lymphocytes. Nws yog ua tau ntse nqa tawm hloov hloov thiab kho cov kab mob txuam nrog impaired muaj zog. Ib tug xws li cyclosporin yog ib tug natural tebchaw.

piav qhia

Qhib ntawm lub substance muaj feem xyuam rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm fungal kab mob los Tolypocladium inflatum thiab Cylindrocarpon lucidum. Tsim ntawm biologically active tshuaj mas siv xws li cyclosporin A thiab C muaj immunological ua si tiv thaiv lymphocytic ntshav. Qhov no feature thawj sab nyob rau hauv 1972 los ntawm zaum los ntawm "Sandoz" ntawm lub Swiss lab. Nws tau raug pom tias cov tshuaj qauv ntawm cyclosporine yog nruab nrab lipophilic cyclic endecapeptide nrog cim kev immunosuppressive kev txiav txim.

Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj muaj ib tug xim txiav txim rau T-lymphocytes suppress lub cellular thiab humoral tiv thaiv. Cyclosporin ntshav cheeb zus tau tej cov lymphokines, uas thiaj li lymphocyte kev ua si, tab sis twb tsis muaj ntxim rau tus txheej txheem ntawm hematopoiesis thiab ua hauj lwm phagocytes, cim tias seb thaum uas cov xim kev txiav txim ntawm lub compound nyob rau hauv lub cev.

ntau npaum ntaub ntawv

Nws yuav tsum tau txuas nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv nrog cov tshuaj uas muaj cyclosporin, phau ntawv qhia. Ntawm lwm yam, nws muaj cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv qhov kev tso tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj. Npaj ntawm no substance ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv:

• mos tsiav tshuaj nrog ib tug ntau npaum ntawm 25, 50 thiab 100 milligrams;
• dej qhov ncauj tov nrog 100 milligrams ntawm cyclosporin ib ml ntawm cov kua;
• roj qhov ncauj tov nrog 100 milligrams ntawm cyclosporin ib ml ntawm cov kua;
• mloog zoo rau qhov siv thiab ua ib tug tov rau Txoj kev lis ntshav koom haum saib xyuas nrog 50 thiab 650 milligrams ntawm cyclosporin ib milliliter;
• qhov muag dauv nrog 500 micrograms per milliliter ntawm cyclosporine.

Nyob rau kev siv cov tshuaj daim ntawv yuav sib txawv: rau hauv cov thawj coj, cov kev txhaj tshuaj, rau tshuaj pleev daim ntawv thov.

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias tus nqi ntawm haum ntawm lub active tivthaiv, tsub zuj zuj lub sij hawm ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv concentration ntawm cov ntshav ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav thiab cov tshuaj rau hauv kev txais tos yog xam tau tias yog sib npaug.

Tshuaj "Tacrolimus": counterparts

Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua tshuaj ua lag luam muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tshuaj ua nyob rau hauv tib kws daim ntawv, thiab muab tshuam cov nyhuv tib yam. Lub active muaj nyob rau hauv lawv yog cyclosporine. Cov lus qhia rau kev siv ntawm txhais immunodepressorov xav interchangeably tshuaj mus suppress tiv thaiv kab mob tshuaj.

Cov tshuaj encapsulated nyob rau hauv ib tug mos mos gelatin plhaub thiab cov kua daws yog tus thawj tshuaj "Sandimmun Neoral" ua los ntawm Swiss kws lub tuam txhab "Novartis". Cov lwm yam tshuaj xam tau tias yog cuab nyob rau hauv cov duab uas tsim los ntawm tus thawj muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog ib yam khoom uas cyclosporin. Analogues xws li tshuaj "Cyclosporin hexane", "Ekoral", "Tsiklopren" "Cyclosporin A", ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj los yog ib tug tov rau hauv los yog tau txais tshuaj.

Lawv lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj - txo rejection nyob rau hauv kev sib hloov ntawm hauv nruab nrog cev los yog hloov hlwb pob txha. Ua zoo rau lawv raws li cov kab mob autoimmune, raws li evidenced los ntawm txuas mus rau cov tshuaj "Tacrolimus" cov lus qhia rau kev siv. Analogs muaj zoo xws li cov yam ntxwv, thiab indications rau siv.

Lub mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim "Cyclosporin A" tshuaj

Hauv plawv ntawm tag nrho cov kev txiav txim ntawm immunosuppressive tshuaj yog ib xim ntxim rau T-lymphocytes. Tsis kos thiab cov tshuaj "Cyclosporin A". Phau Ntawv Qhia nthuav dav npog lub ntsiab mechanisms pharmacodynamic los ntawm lub active tivthaiv, uas uake mus rau lub receptor formations hauv hlwb. Txo zus tau tej cov interleukins thiab interferon thiaj li qhia ntawm receptors rau IL-2.

Medicament "Cyclosporin A" thiaj zus tau tej cov tshuaj qhia rau nws tus kheej hlwb thiab ntaub so ntswg, uas lawv xav txog alien thiab rhuav tshem. Qhov no feature tso cai rau koj los txo immunological mob thiab txo cov kev ua ntawm cov kab mob autoimmune.

Great efficiency "Cyclosporin A" nyob rau hauv kev sib hwm ntawm cov allograft. Yog vim li cas rau rejection ntawm transplanted ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob yog qhov ua kom ntawm lub cev T hlwb generated. Lawv nquag pib yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv ntawm kev sib hloov antigens thiab muaj feem xyuam rau cov graft hlwb, ua rau lawv tuag.

Action immunodepressora ua rau thaiv cov hlab txuas T-hlwb thiab inhibition ntawm T-lymphocytes tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cev tshua. Li ntawd, cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm cov tshuaj "Cyclosporin A" (neeg siv indicates no) tshwm sim tsuas yog tom qab cov hluav ntawm hloov antigens. Los ntawm kev rhuav tseg cov kev sib raug zoo antigen antibody tiv thaiv necrosis ntawm transplanted kabmob hlwb.

Yog vim li cas thov

Indications Siv "Tacrolimus" cov lus qhia rau kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj yog muab faib ua ob pawg.

Tus thawj yog cov hloov los yog hloov ntawm pub cov ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob. Ib tug tshuaj siv los mus tiv thaiv rejection ntawm hloov khoom nruab nrog los yog nqaij podsazhennogo. Feem ntau, cov grafts siv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, lub plawv, hloov hlwb pob txha, lub ntsws, lub siab, lub raum, pancreas. Tej zaum qhov kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj los mus tshem tawm rejection thaum lwm immunosuppressive agents. Qhov thib ob pawg no ib tug kab mob autoimmune nyob rau hauv ib tug loj heev daim ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd tus neeg saib xyuas cov tshuaj rau cov uas tsis muaj hauj lwm zoo ntawm lwm yam tshuaj.

Nyob rau hauv dab tsi kab mob peb kho tshuaj "Tacrolimus"? rau kev siv nyob rau hauv indications xws li kev qhia allocates mob ntaub ntawv ntawm cov atopic dermatitis thiab neurodermatitis, ces psoriasis, mob caj dab rheumatoid, thiab hais tias muaj feem xyuam rau cov me me pob qij txha yog kub lug. Tau siv nyob rau hauv uveitis nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab nram qab lub qhov chaw hauv lub qhov muag thaum kub lug choroid thiab retina, thiab nephrotic syndrome thiab hormone-gormonoustoychivoy xwm.

kev txais neeg kawm kev cai

Tshuaj kho mob yog pom zoo xwb nyob rau hauv kev kho mob saib xyuas nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob. Feem ntau siv nrog daim ntawv thov los yog tso dej raws leeg txia, txawm hais tias nyiam yog muab rau tau txais qhov ncauj tov los tsiav tshuaj.

Tableware, siv rau kev npaj ib tug tov rau tso dej txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm lub khob, es tsis txhob ntawm lub polyvinyl tshuaj dawb yuav tsum tsis txhob tshuaj tiv thaiv uas castor roj.

Rau dilution ntawm lub concentrate siv ib tug physiological 0.9 feem pua cov kua ntawm sodium tshuaj dawb los yog 5 feem pua zib tov. Dilution yog xyaum nyob rau hauv proportions ntawm 1:20 mus rau 1: 100, nyob ntawm seb lub hom phiaj. Qhia txog cov tshuaj maj mam los ntawm ob mus rau cov sij hawm.

Ua ntej transplanting kabmob los yog ntaub so ntswg nkag ua ntej cyclosporin tov rau kwv yees li ntawm plaub mus rau kaum teev. Yuav kom tiv thaiv tsis haum ces nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus tsa antiallergic kev kho mob thiab lwm yam immunosuppressants. Tom qab ob lub lim piam ntawm tso dej thawj coj ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm qhov ncauj daim ntawv thov. Lub sij hawm tshuaj kho los ntawm koj tus kws kho mob, noj ob zaug nyob rau hauv kaum ob teev.

Tsiav tshuaj haus dej haus tag nrho tsis qhib lub hnab ntawv, ntxuav cia nrog dej. Cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov kua daim ntawv ua ntej yuav siv diluted mus rau hauv cov dej haus nyob rau hauv ib khob beaker. Cov phau ntawv qhia txog nyob rau hauv kom meej yuav ua li cas rau unpack lub hnab thiab yuav ua li cas los hu ib tug tov kawm tiav koob txhaj ntawm cov iav raj mis, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav zoo xaiv txoj cai npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj. Tom qab haus cov tshuaj thawv twb rinsed nrog dej thiab haus cov kua, uas muaj tsis muaj tsis koob tshuaj.

Concomitant siv yog txhob tshuaj thiab txiv kab ntxwv qaub kua txiv, uas thiaj li muaj qhov ua rau ntawm cov tshuaj, kuj thaum lub sij hawm kev kho mob txwv tsis pub los ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv uas nyob attenuated thiab sera los ntawm rubella, polio, qhua pias, kab mob ua qog.

ntau npaum

Thaum transplanted neeg laus nkag pib nrog ib tug txhua txhua hnub koob tshuaj 10-14 milligrams ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav. Tom qab xya kaum plaub hnub ntawm kev kho mob yog ntsuas los ntawm lub concentration ntawm cyclosporine nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Nws yog los ntawm tus nqi ntawm haum thiab hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv lub cev. Qhov ntsuas no yog ib qho tseem ceeb los mus saib xyuas nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv kom txhob mob tshwm sim thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob tsis zoo sib tshuam nrog lwm yam tshuaj. Tom qab ntawd, txhua hnub koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj yog txo mus rau 3.6 milligrams ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav, nws yog muab faib ua ob siv. Therapeutic ntshav cov ntsiab lus ntawm cyclosporin li mas nws txawv ntawm 110 rau 410 nanograms ib milliliter.

Tom qab kev sib hloov ntawm ob lub raum tau txais medicament nyob rau hauv ib koob tshuaj tsawg tshaj li peb mus rau plaub milligrams ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav yuav ua rau luag thuam.

Hloov hlwb pob txha hloov yuav tsum tau siv ntawm ib tug ua ke ntawm cyclosporine thiab methotrexate. Ob peb hnub ua ntej lub hloov tus neeg mob yog muab txhua hnub intravenously ntawm los ntawm 2.5 mus rau 5 lub milligrams ib kilogram lub cev hnyav tshuaj.

Tom qab kev hloov mus rau cov kev kho mob ntawm tsiav tshuaj pib nrog ib tug txhua txhua hnub koob tshuaj 12.5 milligrams ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav, uas yog muab raws li ob zaug. Kev kho mob xws kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov tshuaj kav los ntawm peb mus rau rau lub hlis. Maj mam yuav tsum tau mus txo cov tshuaj kom txog rau thaum kawm tiav ntawm cov kev kho mob lub sij hawm.

Yuav kom tshem tawm ib tug mob mob siv thawj hnub koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm 12.5 mus rau 15 milligrams ib kilogram ntawm lub cev qhov ceeb thawj (noj ob le caag). Tsib caug hnub siv ntau npaum yuav txo tau ntawm tsib feem pua rau lub lim piam, thiab tom qab tsib lub hlis ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj tag. ntxiv kev kho mob "Cyclosporin" medicament nqa nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm rov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov lus qhia rau kev siv, comments muaj cov lus qhia txog cov ciaj sia taus ntawm transplanted kabmob (lub plawv, lub siab). Raws li statistics, ib xyoos nws nce mus txog yim caum feem pua.

Kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob autoimmune yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb mus kom ze rau cov kev xaiv ntawm koob tshuaj rau txhua tus kab mob.

Los ntawm tau txais "Cyclosporin" npaj phau ntawv qhia kom kev kho mob ntawm kev mob loj uveitis. Peb yuav tsum pib nrog ib tug txhua txhua hnub koob tshuaj 5-10 milligrams ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav thiab lo rau nws los txo o thiab normalization ntawm nrig txog kev pom muaj nuj nqi. Hoob no ntawm kev kho mob yog peb mus rau kaum lub hlis. Rau hauv loj heev txhab ntawm lub nrog prednisolone ntawm ib koob tshuaj ntawm 200 rau 600 micrograms per kilogram ntawm tus neeg mob hnyav.

Rau hauv loj heev psoriasis hnub koob tshuaj yog 2.5 milligram ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav, txais tos yog ua nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev. Cov tshuaj yog nce los ntawm 1 milligram ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav, tab sis tsis muaj ntau tshaj 5 milligrams ib kilogram, hais tias tom qab peb caug hnub tom qab qhov pib ntawm txoj kev kho, tsis muaj txoj kev txhim kho. Nkag rho tom qab rau lub lim tiam yog tias kev kho mob yog tsis zoo.

Nephrotic syndrome nrog rau tej hlaus muaj nuj nqi rau cov neeg laus raug kho siv ntau npaum ntawm cov tshuaj mus rau 6 lub milligrams ib kilogram lub cev hnyav nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam - mus txog rau 5 milligrams ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav. Yog hais tias lub raum muaj nuj nqi yog kev zoo, ntau npaum - tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 2.5 milligrams ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav.

Thaum lub sij hawm kev kho mob nrog ib tug cyclosporin cov ntsiab lus raug saib xyuas nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntshav. Rau kho miv nyuas siv zug yuav tsum tau nws concentration hauv cov ntshav nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum li ntawm 60-160 nanograms ib milliliter.

Thaum lub sij hawm ua ntej peb lub hlis yuav tsum yog tswj los ntawm creatinine theem nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntshiab, raws li qhov kev nce nyob rau hauv qhov ntsuas no tej zaum yuav teeb liab pib ntawm lub rejection ntawm ib tug transplanted khoom hauv nrog cev los sis mob raum kab mob. Rau cov neeg uas muaj ob lub raum ua hauj lwm kom zoo, tus tsom xam yog nqa tawm ib zaug txhua txhua kaum plaub hnub, yog hais tias muaj yog kev ua txhaum, creatinine index yog ntsuas txhua txhua xya hnub. Thaum lub concentration ntawm qhov ntsuas tshaj 200 micromoles ib liter rau cov neeg laus thiab ntau tshaj 140 micromoles ib liter rau cov me nyuam nqa abolition ntawm cov tshuaj.

Vim tus tau tshuaj lom los ntawm cov tshuaj yog nqa tawm periodic xyuas ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm bilirubin, urea, amylase, magnesium thiab poov tshuaj ions nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, siab enzymes yog txiav txim.

Mob caj dab rheumatoid yog ib tug loj heev daim ntawv thaum lub sij hawm thawj thawj rau lub lim piam kho kev npaj "Cyclosporin" nyob rau hauv ib koob tshuaj ntawm 2.5 milligrams ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav, ua raws li los ntawm kev kho mob nrog rau cov hnub koob tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 4 milligrams ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav. Thaum cov neeg pluag tolerability ntawm lub medicament yog tau txo nws tus nqi rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus zoo koob. Tej zaum ib tug ua ke ntawm "Ciclosporin" tshuaj nrog ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm corticosteroids los yog nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory siv tshuaj.

Loj ntaub ntawv ntawm cov atopic dermatitis yog kho los ntawm txhua txhua hnub saib xyuas tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib koob tshuaj ntawm 2.5 milligrams ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav. Yog hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj cov nyhuv tom qab kaum plaub hnub kho siab tshaj plaws txhua txhua hnub koob tshuaj - 5 milligrams ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav. Yog hais tias muaj yog txoj kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv lub xeev, nws yog pom zoo kom ib tug gradual yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv lub koob tshuaj.

Raws li siv cyclosporine lub qhov muag? qhov muag dauv

Immunosuppressive agents tau siv nyob rau hauv Ophthalmology rau cov kev kho mob ntawm qhuav qhov muag. Rau cov hom phiaj, cyclosporine. Qhov muag dauv nws txheem (0.05 feem pua) yog marketed nyob rau hauv lub tradename "Restasis".

Qhov no neeg sawv cev belongs rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tshuaj siv los tiv thaiv lub cornea thiab humidification. Ua kev npaj nyob rau hauv ib koob tshuaj 0.4 milligram vials ntawm cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ib tug milliliter ntawm cov tshuaj 500 mg ntawm active ingredient.

Yuav ua li cas pharmaceuticals qhia tau hais tias cyclosporine? Qhov muag dauv tsim anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory nyhuv, inhibit zus tau tej cov lachrymal secretion thaum lub sij hawm qhuav keratoconjunctivitis.

Yuav ua li cas siv cov tshuaj "Restasis"

Senior siv txhais tau tias "Restasis" muaj cyclosporin. Pab Guide xav eyedrops thawj co lub minyuam lam fwj tshuaj kom tau ib tug homogeneous opaque dawb emulsion. Tsuas yog ces koj yuav tau pib qhia kev qhuab qhia rau mus rau hauv lub conjunctival sac ntawm tus neeg mob lub qhov muag. Qhov no txoj kev yog nqa tawm ob zaug ib hnub twg, ib zaug txhua txhua kaum ob teev. Nyob rau hauv ua ntawv thov cov tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob kov cov ntug ntawm lub qhov muag mucosa lam fwj tshuaj tiv thaiv ingress ntawm kab mob nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias koj yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj sai li sai tau tom qab qhib lub minyuam lam fwj tshuaj, cov seem tov yog tsis siv, nws yog siv.

Tsis muaj kev kho "Restasis" tshuaj thaum hnav hu lo ntsiab muag. Lawv raug muab tshem tawm ua ntej yuav siv ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab yuav tsum reinserted tom qab xwb kaum tsib feeb.

Kev siv cov cyclosporine rau cov tsiaj

Tam sim no, qhov no immunosuppressive neeg sawv cev no yog siv kuj yog rau cov kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob autoimmune nyob rau hauv cov dev thiab lwm yam tsiaj.

Chiv tsuas yog rau cov neeg siv cyclosporine. "Sandimmune" - roj tov uas muaj tam sim no compound, thaum uas siv los ntawm txawv cov neeg mob tshwm sim los ib tug txawv concentration ntawm active muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav.

ntau niaj hnub daim ntawv yog tsim ces - ultramicronized cyclosporine ( "Neoral"). Nws ua rau cov tsim ntawm ib tug microemulsion thaum lub sij hawm sib tham nrog cov kua. Qhov no coj mus rau kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv lub haum thiab bioavailability ntawm cov tshuaj raws li txwv mus rau cov roj tov uas yog tsis haum rau tej tsiaj txhu.

Creator veterinary daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj no yog xam tias yog ib lub tuam txhab "Novartis". Tso Cai tshuaj twb tso tawm nyob rau hauv 2003 hu ua "atopic", nws yog npaj rau cov kev kho mob ntawm atopic dermatitis nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj. Kom txog thaum uas lub sij hawm, ncab immunosuppressants siv rau lub hloov raum miv thiab dev rau lub nyem ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm inflammatory dab.

Cov tsos mob ntawm atopic dermatitis feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais cov dev thiab miv ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm rau lub hlis mus rau peb xyoos. Nws yog ib tug kab mob yus recurrent rov. Nws yuav tsum tau kho lub neej kev npaj muaj cyclosporine. Cov lus qhia rau kev siv rau cov tsiaj txhu "atopic" txhais tau tias cov ntsiab lus mus rau lub tseem siv nws ib tug ntev lub sij hawm zoo thiab ruaj ntseg zoo.

Nrog simultaneous noj kom tsawg thiab noj tshuaj kom hloov nyob rau hauv haum, nws yog pom zoo kom noj lub cuab tam nyob rau hauv ob teev tom qab los yog ua ntej noj mov.

Ntawm cov unintended txim ntawm siv yeeb tshuaj yog feem ntau mob nyob rau hauv lub digestive system, tab sis lawv muaj qhia nyob rau hauv ib qho yooj yim yam. Lwm yam kev phiv cov cim qhia ntawm hypertrichosis, gingival hyperplasia thiab hyperplastic dermatitis. Los ntawm kev txo qhov ntau npaum ntawm cov tshuaj yog lawv gradual disappearance.

Tau txais cyclosporin thiaj li loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm staphylococcal kab mob thiab pathogens malassezioznogo dermatitis, nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj txhaj koob tshuaj tsis ua raum tsis ua hauj lwm, kub siab, tsim ntawm neoplasms. Tag nrho cov lus muaj tseeb qhia uas tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem thaum lub sij hawm ntev-lub sij hawm kev kho mob ntawm atopic dermatitis nyob rau hauv cov dev.