Cov tswvyim no yog muab tau los ntawm Latin lo lus civis, uas muaj peev xwm muab txhais raws li "civil" los yog "xeev". Nyob rau hauv ntau dua los yog tsawg tus niaj hnub kev txiav txim zoo nws twb xub hais los ntawm qhov Fabkis kawm Viktorom Mirabo. Raws li nws to taub, kev vam meej - yog ib tug txheej ntawm tej kev cai uas qha tib neeg lub neej los ntawm cov tsiaj hav zoov: kev txawj ntse, siab zoo, softening ntawm tus cwj pwm zoo, kev coj zoo, thiab hais txog. Qhov no lub sij hawm kuj yog hais txog mus rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lwm eminent philosopher ntawm lub era - lub Scot Adas Ferguson. Rau nws, civilization - yog ib tug tej theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Ferguson pom keeb kwm raws li ib tug gradual txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg kab lis kev cai (ntaub ntawv, lub zos, lub neej) - los ntawm barbarism mus rau ib tug heev tsim kab lis kev cai. Nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo xws li cov hlab ntsha, tsim kev nkag siab ntawm cov kev kawm thiab nyob rau hauv lub tom qab philosophy kev tshawb fawb, historians thiab sociologists. Rau lawv, tag nrho cov kev vam meej - yog ib lub tswvyim, ib txoj kev los sis lwm muaj feem xyuam rau tib neeg lub neej thiab muaj ib tug txheej ntawm cov nta uas characterize ib haiv neeg. Txawm li cas los, qhov kev hloov txuas. Rau Marxists, piv txwv li, ib tug civilization - yog theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom rog ntawm cov haiv neeg.
Lub keeb kwm mus kom ze Arnolda Toynbi
Ib tug interesting cov qauv ntawm cov keeb kwm cov txheej txheem muaj cov British historian Arnold Toynbee. Nyob rau hauv nws nto moo ua hauj lwm "Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm keeb kwm", muaj raws ntawm ob peb tagnrho, nws pom tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg lub sawm fem ua ib pawg ntawm nonlinear keeb kwm, kev loj hlob thiab poob ntawm civilizations uas tshwm sim nyob rau txawv sij hawm thiab nyob rau hauv txawv thaj tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua civilizational zej zog piav lawv txawv tej yam kev mob: kev nyab xeeb countryside, historic cov neeg nyob ze thiab hais txog.
Qhov no tus txheej txheem yog Arnold Toynbee hu ua txoj kev cai sib tw thiab cov lus teb. Raws li nws tus txoj kev xav, tej lub npe hu thiab lub civilization daim card tshwm sim los ntawm pratsivilizatsionnyh cov zej zog nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug sab nraud hu. Thiab lawv yog tuag los yog tsim ib civilization nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm nws teb. Piv txwv li, muaj cov ancient Babylonian thiab Iyiv civilizations. Nyob rau hauv teb mus rau lub arid thaj av rau cov ciaj sia taus ntawm lub zos pab pawg neeg nws yog tsim nyog los tsim ib tug tag nrho system ntawm cov khoom cua irrigation raws, uas yuav tsum tau tom qab ceev faj txij nkawm. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, coj mus rau kev yug me nyuam ntawm cov apparatus yuam ntawm lub peasants, lub rov tshwm sim ntawm wealth, thiab thiaj li lub xeev, uas coj rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev vam meej dictated los ntawm lwm climatic tej yam kev mob.
Christian medieval civilization nyob rau hauv Russia tau sawv raws li ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub qhov raids ntawm nomadic pab pawg neeg mus rally disparate Eastern Slavic pab pawg neeg. Nyob rau hauv thawj lub ntim ntawm nws "Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm keeb kwm" Toynbee qhia nees-nkaum ib civilization nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm noob neej. Ntawm lawv, dhau li ntawm cov uas tau hais, lub ancient Suav, Hellenic, Arabic, Hindu, Andean, Minoan, Mayan, Sumerian, Is Nrias teb, thaj, Hithai, Far East, ob Christian - nyob rau hauv Russia thiab lub Balkans, Iran, thiab cov Mexican Yucatan. Nyob rau hauv lub tom qab tagnrho ntawm nws views underwent ib tug hloov, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm civilizations poob. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov historian sau tseg ib co zej zog uas muaj ib lub caij nyoog los ua ib tug kev vam meej, tab sis twb tsis muaj peev xwm ntse kov yeej nws tus kheej kev sib tw. Cov no yog, piv txwv li, lub Spartans, lub medieval Scandinavians, lub nomads ntawm lub Great steppe.