Avetik Isahakyan: Biography thiab creativity

Npe nrov Armenian poet Avetik Isahakyan tau tso tseg tom qab ib qho kev ntseeg loj loj, uas yog nyob rau xyoo 20th thaum pib muaj rau cov neeg nyeem ntawv Lavxias-hais lus Askiv hauv Blok, V. Bryusov, I. Bunin thiab B. Pasternak. Tsis muaj tsawg dua tus paj yog keeb kwm ntawm nws lub neej, uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm lub neej ntawm lub USSR tau nthuav tawm rau pej xeem nyob rau hauv ib tug ua tib zoo kho daim ntawv. Tshwj xeeb, txawm tias 20-30 xyoo dhau los, txawm tias nyob rau hauv Armenia, muaj tsawg tsawg tus neeg paub hais tias tus Stalin nqi zog ntawm thawj qib kaum xyoo 1921 tau koom tes hauv lub koom haum ntawm kev lag luam "Nemesis".

Avetik Isahakyan: phau ntawv keeb kwm (thaum yau)

Tus kws sau paj lug tau yug xyoo 1875 hauv Alexandropol, lub xeev Yelavas (Tebchaws Asmeskas Tebchaws Asmeskas, tam sim no Gyumri, Koom Tes ntawm Armenia). Nws txiv, Sahak Isahakyan, yog tus tub ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Bayazet, uas yog xyoo 1828 raug ntiab tawm hauv lawv lub tsev thiab tawm mus nrog cov tub rog Lavxias teb chaws mus rau Shirak Valley.

Raws li ib tug me nyuam, me ntsis Avo tau coj los ntawm nws pog thiab niam Almast. Raws li nws tau hais tseg tom qab, lawv tau ua rau nws tus poj niam uas yog poj niam txiv neej poj niam, zoo kawg nkaus rau nws tsev neeg thiab npaj siab ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj rau nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Nws yog los ntawm lawv hais tias nws tau hnov ntau cov lus fairy tales, uas tau ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws tej hauj lwm.

Kawm hauv kev kawm vaj lug kub

Avetik Isahakyan pib sau nws cov thawj cov kwv huam thaum muaj hnub nyoog 11 xyoos. Tshuav tsis ntev nws tsev neeg tau mus ua kev pilgrimage mus rau St. Etchmiadzin, qhov twg nws tau ntsib nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm lub tsev kawm Vajluskub paub thoob plaws hauv Christian East Gevorgyan. Txawm hais tias qhov kev paub ntawm tus neeg hluas ntawd tau pub nws xeem dhau qhov kev xeem nkag, qhov kev tswj hwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev kawm thawj zaug, uas Isahakyan tsis muaj. Tom qab ntawd nws niam nws txiv tau qhia kom xa nws tus tub mus rau ib lub xyoos rau tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Archinsky Monastery. Muaj Avetik tau ua zoo kawg nkaus, thiab, rov qab mus rau Echmiadzin nyob rau hauv 1889, tau mus cuv npe hauv daim ntawv thib peb ntawm lub tsev kawm Vajluskub.

Zoo li lwm cov menyuam kawm ntawv 150 uas yog los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab Western Armenia nyob rau hauv 1891 Avetik Isahakyan coj ib feem nyob rau hauv tus menyuam kawm ntawv riots. Ib qho ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas uas tsis kam tuaj koom cov lus qhuab qhia yog tso tawm los ntawm cov lus cog tseg ntawm kev tshem tawm, txwv tsis pub sib tham nrog cov neeg tsis paub, tsuas yog tsis muaj kev sib ntsib nrog cov txheeb ze. Tsis tau ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj, ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawv hauv nruab nrab, nrog rau tus kws sau paj lug tom ntej, tawm hauv tsev kawm Vajluskub.

Kawm sia mus thoob ntiajteb

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev kawm vaj lug kub, ntxiv rau cov lus qhia txog keeb kwm, tau ua tib zoo saib kev qhia txog cov lus txawv txawv, pab Avetik Isahakian rau nws txoj kev mus los ntawm Tebchaws Europe, thaum lub sij hawm xyoo 1892 txog 1895 nws tau kawm txog lub tswv yim thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv University of Leipzig. Tom qab ntawd tus tub hluas tau mus xyuas Geneva, uas nws tau mus koom cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm GV Plekhanov, uas ua rau nws muaj kev xav zoo heev.

Nkag rau hauv Cov Qib ntawm "Dashnaktsutyun"

Rov qab mus rau Eastern Armenia, Avetik Isahakyan txiav txim siab muab nws tus kheej mus rau kev tawm tsam kev nom kev tswv. Nrog rau qhov no, nws tau koom ua ib feem ntawm "Dashnaktsutyun", yog ib tus neeg Amelikas feem ntau coj los siv, ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws Mis Kas. Nws ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem tsis paub, thiab nyob rau 1896 tus kws sau paj huam tau raug ntes thiab siv ib xyoo nyob rau hauv tsev lojcaws ntawm Erivan, tom qab uas nws raug xa mus rau Odessa.

Thaum tau txais kev tso cai mus rau txawv teb chaws, nws tau mus rau Zurich, qhov chaw uas nws tau mus koom ib lub tswv yim ntawm cov ntawv nyeem thiab keeb kwm ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv zos. Txawm li cas los, Isaakyan tsis tuaj yeem nyob deb ntawm nws lub teb chaws ntev ntev, thiab, rov mus Alexandropol nyob rau hauv 1902, tau rov los koom nrog kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm tsarism. Nws thov kom nws tuaj nyob hauv Tiflis, qhov chaw uas tus kws sau paj huam tseem raug ntes thaum xyoo 1908 thiab xa mus rau Metekhi qhov taub nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Armenian cov neeg ntsej muag rau rau lub hli.

Lub neej nyob rau hauv exile

Yuam kom ntseeg tau hais tias Isahakan tsis kam "rov qhia dua", cov tub ceev xwm tau txiav txim siab muab nws tshem tawm hauv thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Fabkis. Xyoo 1911, tus kws sau paj lug raug yuam kom tawm hauv lub tebchaws thiab nyob hauv Yelemes. Thaum pib ntawm lub Ntiaj Teb Kev Tsov Rog, nws tsis tshua xav txog qhov teeb meem ntawm Armenians nyob rau hauv Turkey, uas yog tsoom fwv ntawm lub teb chaws xav tias yuav txhawb nqa Russia. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txawm cov neeg nyob hauv cov moo uas muaj phav phav mais ntawm kab hauv ntej tau raug kev tsim txom thiab kev pogrom.

Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau kev tua neeg, Isahakyan, nrog rau Johannes Lepsius thiab Paul Rohrbach, tau tsim kho lub koom haum German-Armenian, uas yog los nthuav txog cov neeg Western sab nrauv txog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov ntseeg Yexus. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus npaj siab tiv thaiv txoj kev tua neeg yeej tsis muaj kev vam meej, thiab nyob rau hauv xyoo 1915 cov phooj ywg ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, Young Turks, tau pom tau hais tias yog ib qho ntawm lawv cov dej num tseem ceeb - kev dim ntawm Western Armenia los ntawm cov neeg hauv zej hauv zos los ntawm nws qhov chaw tawm tsam.

Avetik Isahakyan: lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm "Nemesis"

Txawm hais tias tom qab kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb, Thoob Ntiaj Teb Koog Nws raug rau txim rau cov koomhaum kev tua neeg ntawm Armenians thiab raug nplua ib txhia, xws li ib tug tswvcuab ntawm tsoomfwv "triumvirate" Talaat Pasha, tsis tuaj yeem tuag, feem ntau lawv nyob hauv Tebchaws Europe. Hauv xyoo 1919 muaj ib pawg tswv cuab ntawm "Dashnaktsutyun" pib siv lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib pauj. Lawv tsim lub lag luam "Nemesis", uas yog presupposes lub cev kev puas ntsoog ntawm cov koom haum ntawm genocide. Isaakyan Avetik Saakovich coj ib qho koom hauv nws.

Raws li cov fwm sau cov ntaub ntawv, nws tsis yog cia li tua tsiaj down fugitives nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees ntawm Turkish criminals, tab sis kuj volunteered mus yuav tus thib ob shooter, uas raug tua Talaat Pasha, yog Soghomon Tehliryan tu. Kev tua neeg ntawm tus qub Minister ntawm Internal Affairs ntawm Qaib ntxhw coj qhov chaw nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 15, 1921 hauv Berlin. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, Isaakian txoj kev tiv thaiv tsis tau, thiab lub tsev hais plaub hauv German, uas muab rau hauv ib hom ntawm Nuremberg mus sib hais ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Turkic criminals, justified lub Armenian avenger.

Rov qab los ntawm kev nkag tebchaws

Nyob rau hauv ob feem ntawm lub thirties ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem Soviet lub xeev pib qhia zoo ua si nyob rau hauv rov qab ntawm muaj koob meej cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ntseesia mus rau lub USSR. Ntawm cov neeg uas tau cog lus tias muaj kev pab txhawb nqa nyob hauv tsev, yog Avetik Isahakyan, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xov xwm European hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm ntau cov kauj ruam ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas lub xeev. Nws rov qab mus rau Yerevan xyoo 1936 thiab raug xaiv tus Thawj Coj ntawm Cov Neeg Sau Tsab Ntawv ntawm Armenian Soviet Union, Tus Cawm Saub ntawm Kev Tshawb Fwv Teb Chaws Asmeskas Txawj Ntse thiab tus Thawj Coj ntawm Supreme Council. Tus kws sau paj lug tuag nyob rau xyoo 1957 thiab raug faus hauv lub nroog Pantheon ntawm Yerevan.

Muaj tswv yim

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas Avetik Isahakyan paub txog yog kwv huam txog Vatican, txog kev sib koom tes ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo tib yam thiab nws txoj kev ntshaw. Ntau heev hauv tus kws sau paj huam ua hauj lwm thiab kev ua yeeb yam, qhov uas txoj kev hlub tus poj niam thiab leej niam tau txais yeeb koob.

Lus ceebtoom tsimnyog sau los ntawm nws cov poetic retelling legends, piv txwv li, "Niam lub plawv" ("Paj yeeb yam"). Avetik Isahakyan hauv kev ua hauj lwm no qhia txog ib tug tub hluas ntawm kev siab phem uas xav tau nws lub siab lub ntsws kom muaj kev hlub. Tom qab lub sij hawm ntev tsiv, tus txiv neej hluas kev nyuab siab ua tiav ib tus hlub tus thov thiab tua ib tug poj niam uas coj nws mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb. Thaum nws hurries rau nws xaiv ib tug, nws stumbles, thiab leej niam lub plawv nyob rau hauv nws ob txhais tes exclaims: "Kuv tus me tub tsis, koj puas tau ua rau koj tus kheej?"

Tam sim no koj paub dab tsi lub neej nyuaj nyob Avetik Isahakyan. Verses nyob rau hauv Armenian, tsim los ntawm nws, suab hauv txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv nws teb chaws, thiab pab cov tub thiab cov ntxhais kom kawm tau lub tswv yim uas muaj hnub nyoog ntawm lawv cov neeg, hnav ib daim ntawv zoo nkauj.